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Question 1

Definition of ethics

Answer 1

The field of study that deals with discovering what is morally right and wrong

Question 2

Core understanding of naturalistic view

Answer 2

Every atheistic view of ethics rejects the possibility of having an absolute standard

Question 3

Position of Utilitarianism

Answer 3

Long-range consequences determine what is right and what is wrong

Question 4

Two proponents of Utilitarianism and the difference

Answer 4

Jeremy Bentlem : pleasures are equal and the best choice

John Stuart mill: certain satisfactions (intellect and sophistication) are greater than fleshly desires

Question 5

What is ethical relativism and who is a proponent

Answer 5

John Paul stare. No right or wrong/absolute. What I decide is right

Question 6

What is conventialism and what other name does it go by.

Answer 6

Cultural relativism

Right and wrong are determined by culture

Question 7

What is the definition of a theistic view

Answer 7

Flows from God, absolute law, foundation of ethics

Question 8

What is absolutism and who is a proponent of it

Answer 8

There are absolute laws that should never be broken in any situation
St. Augustine

Question 9

What is conflicting absolutism and what verse supports it

Answer 9

Lesser of two evils

1 Corinthians 10:13

Question 10

Graded absolutism

Answer 10

Choose the greater good

Ezra 10

Question 11

How does hardy compare the ethical views with the difference theories of truth

Answer 11

Naturalistic: no ethics
Others: ethics

Question 12

According to Schaefer, what is the problem with being finite, who does he quote and what is the quote

Answer 12

There is no sufficient point of integration in himself. Sartre. “No infinite reference point/everything is meaningless”

Question 13

In regard to morals, if there is an impersonal beginning what are two consequences

Answer 13

Morals disappear: morals and ontology are one

There is no ultimate fulfillment in the universe

Question 14

What does Schaefer mean by his term “‘moral motions”

Answer 14

The sense that things are right and wrong

Question 15

Why is the problem with Hindu paneverythingism

Answer 15

Nobility and cruelties are of equal value

Question 16

According to Schaefer, relativism is based on what sort of process? Why does he suggest that this is a relevant mechanism for cultural values and morality?

Answer 16

A statistical process

Majority rules

Question 17

Schaefer discussion concerning the continuity snd discontinuitt of humankind is crucial in his argument for a good God. What are at least two important results is there discontinuity

Answer 17

1) man is cruel without God being a bad God

2) there is a hope of a solution for this moral problem.

Question 18

What does Lund believe that even by nature intrinsically wrong?

Answer 18

No bc value has no value apart from an evaluator

Question 19

According to the text, values ew contingent upon what.

Answer 19

Existence of a conscious being with feelings, concerns, desires, and purposes

Question 20

In addition to contingency which makes possible values, what is required for there to be moral/immoral behavior

Answer 20

A 2nd individual w the properties of the first individual

Question 21

What is the difference between subjectivism and value objectivism

Answer 21

Subjectivism: a contribution of the subject of the experience, not found in the object itself.
Objectivism: value statements do describe the objects to which they refer

Question 22

When does a personal value become an aspect of morality

Answer 22

When you apply your preferences As a standard to which others ought to follow

Question 23

How is Utilitarianism define

Answer 23

Every morally relevant action whether of a private individual or a governing body ought to be such as to promote the greatest happiness for the greatest # of people

Question 24

Utilitarianism is what kind of theory

Answer 24

Consequentialist theory

Question 25

How is Kants Dentological theory defined. Why is this theory opposite to Utilitarianism

Answer 25

Rejection of consequentialist theory; the only thing that is good without qualification is a good will. People have intrinsic voice

Question 26

What are some glaring weaknesses of Utilitarianism

Answer 26

Bc it puts emphasis on the greatest good for the greatest number, the happiness, liberty of the minority is sacrificed for the majority cite: slavery

Question 27

According to Lund, is religion essential for the establishment of a foundation for morality

Answer 27

No

Question 28

What is a substitute for God if morality has an alternative foundation

Answer 28

Other people (humanism)

Question 29

According to Lund, what is the summation to synthesize Utilitarianism and Deontological theory

Answer 29

Generally, decisions of morality should be based on consequences with the overriding principle being the value/moral rights of others

Question 30

While the relativist position is said to be strong, what are two problems with accepting a society's moral norms?

Answer 30

Societies have engaged in certain practices that were morally wrong (according to who is the question 2) by grounding morality in preference; there is no higher court of appeal

Question 31

What are some of the issues raised regarding the case that people should be moral

Answer 31

1) by being moral people get something else they value (religion = heaven etc) 2 . We should be moral out of love for God, nor personal gain.

Question 32

What is Stace's definition of relativism

Answer 32

Any ethical position which denies that there is a moral standard which is equally applicable to all people at all times.

Question 33

Two definitions regarding standards

Answer 33

1) what people think is right | 2) what is right is distinct from what people think

Question 34

According to Maclver, what is a glaring weakness of the golden rule

Answer 34

It does not solve ethical problems but only offers an approach. It doesn't prescribe our treatment of others but only the spirit in which they should be treated

Question 35

What is the unselfishness trap

Answer 35

The belief that you must put the happiness of others before yourself

Question 36

According to Maclver morality must be situated where?

Answer 36

In the individual's own values

Question 37

What is the definition of the Morality Trap

Answer 37

The belief you must obey a moral code created by someone else

Question 38

Three different kinds of morality

Answer 38

Personal: act in a way that brings consequences to you Universal: code of conduct that is supposed to bring happiness to those who use it Absolute: a set of rules to which an individual is expected to surrender his own happiness