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Matt's Path REVERSE > Last Hour > Flashcards

Last Hour Flashcards

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1
Q

Gram negative rods

Commensals in colon

A

Lactose fermenting (LFC)
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella spp

Non-lactose fermenting (NLF)
Proteus
Pseudomonas

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2
Q

UTI

A

E.Coli

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3
Q

C.Diff

A

Gram Positive Anaerobe

spore forming

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4
Q

Treatment of C.Diff

A

PO metronidazole 10-14 days

Vancomycin as 2nd line

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5
Q

Gram positive cocci

A

Staphylococcus

OR

Streptococcus

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6
Q

Gram positive

A

Bacilli
Spore-forming
Bacillus anthracis/cereus
Clostridium difficile

Non-spore forming
Corynebacterium
Listeria

Cocci
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
Enterococci

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7
Q

Gram negative

A

Bacilli
Every other bacteria ever…

Cocci
Neisseria

Spiral/comma
Campylobacter
Helicobacter
Vibrio

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8
Q

Mycoplasma

A

do not have a cell wall

They only have a simple cell membrane, so they are neither G+ nor G-.

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9
Q

facultative anaerobe Gram positive cocci that grows in clusters and on your skin.

A

Streptococcus

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10
Q

Gram positive anaerobe bacilli causes diarrhoea

A

Clostridium

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11
Q

catalase positive

A

Staphylococcus

Catalase converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen

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12
Q

cellulitis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia and meningitis.

A

Staph and Strep

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13
Q

Scarlet Fever

A

exotoxin Ax, sore throat + scarlet red rash starting on trunk and neck, often sparing the face. Feels like sandpaper.

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14
Q

CASES

A

Jones criteria for rheumatic fever

Carditis
Arthralgia
Syd chorea
Erythema marginatum 
Subcut nodules
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15
Q

Group A Strep

A

Strep pharyngitis: sore throat + red swollen, purulent tonsils, swollen lymph nodes.

Scarlet fever: exotoxin Ax, sore throat + scarlet red rash starting on trunk and neck, often sparing the face. Feels like sandpaper.

Necrotising fasciitis: swelling redness, eventual dusky discolouration with bullae.

Post strep glomerulonephritis

Rheumatic fever

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16
Q

Group B Strep

A

Neonatal sepsis

Meningitis

Pneumonia

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17
Q

Staph Aureus

A

Exotoxin responsible
Gastroenteritis
Toxic shock syndrome
Scalded skin syndrome

Direct organ invasion
Pneumonia
Meningitis
Osteomyelitis
Acute bacterial endocarditis
Septic arthritis
Skin infections: BOILS!
Bacteraemia/sepsis
UTIs
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18
Q

S. Epidermidis

A

Commensal of the skin that rarely causes infection
Contaminates blood cultures: if present at >2 sites then probably significant.
Can cause line/prostheses infections and endocarditis
Resistant to antibiotics (penicillins)

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19
Q

S. saprophyticus

A

2nd commonest cause of UTI in young women after E. coli

NB: Hugo Donaldson asked/grilled about coagulase negative staph during Path viva.

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20
Q

Treating Strep Infections

A

Strep throat – Pen V or amoxicillin for 10 days.

Scarlet fever – Pen V or amoxicillin for 10 days.

Rheumatic fever – Culture +ve = Big ol shot of Pen G.

Necrotising fasciitis – Benzylpenicillin + clindamycin + gentamicin + debridement + panic.

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21
Q

Treating Staph Infections

A

S. aureus: flucloxacillin oral 500mg QDS + vanc and clinda if nasty.

S. epidermidis: vancomycin due to resistance to penicillins.

S. saprophyticus: penicillin.

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22
Q

Surgical Prophylaxis

A

Cefuroxime + metronidazole

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23
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

Crosses BBB

Meningitis

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24
Q

Gram negative intracellular

A

Legionella

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25
Gram negtaive coccobacilli
Bordetella pertussis
26
Impetigo, Cellulitis and Wound Infections
S. aureus and beta-haemolytic Streptococci Flucloxacillin (unless penicillin allergy or MRSA)
27
Respiratory Tract Infections
Pharyngitis Benzyl penicillin x 10 days Group A strep Community-acquired pneumonia (mild) Amoxicillin Pneumococcus, haemophillus, Community-acquired pneumonia (severe) Co-amoxiclav & clarithromycin Pneumococcus, hameophilus, ?marixcella etc. clarithromycin for atypical
28
Hospital-Acquired Respiratory Tract Infections
Tend to be gram negative cephalosporin; ciprofloxacin; piperacillin/tazobactam If MRSA colonised/risk, consider addition of Vancomycin
29
Bacterial Meningitis
Main pathogens: N. Meningitidis S. pneumoniae +/- Listeria in the very young/elderly/immunocompromised Ceftriaxone (+/- amoxycillin if Listeria likely)
30
Hospital Acquired UTI
Cephalexin
31
Bare lymphocyte syndrome II
Lack of expression of CD4+ Regulatory Factor X Class II transactivator Lack of CD4 cells Normal CD8 cells Normal number of B cells But deficiency of IgG and IgA as need CD4 to class switch
32
Lactose fermenting (LFC) Escherichia coli Klebsiella spp Non-lactose fermenting (NLF) Proteus Pseudomonas
Gram negative rods | Commensals in colon
33
E.Coli
UTI
34
Gram Positive Anaerobe spore forming
C.Diff
35
PO metronidazole 10-14 days | Vancomycin as 2nd line
Treatment of C.Diff
36
Staphylococcus OR Streptococcus
Gram positive cocci
37
Bacilli Spore-forming Bacillus anthracis/cereus Clostridium difficile Non-spore forming Corynebacterium Listeria Cocci Streptococcus Staphylococcus Enterococci
Gram positive
38
Bacilli Every other bacteria ever… Cocci Neisseria Spiral/comma Campylobacter Helicobacter Vibrio
Gram negative
39
do not have a cell wall They only have a simple cell membrane, so they are neither G+ nor G-.
Mycoplasma
40
Streptococcus
facultative anaerobe Gram positive cocci that grows in clusters and on your skin.
41
Clostridium
Gram positive anaerobe bacilli causes diarrhoea
42
Staphylococcus Catalase converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen
catalase positive
43
Staph and Strep
cellulitis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia and meningitis.
44
exotoxin Ax, sore throat + scarlet red rash starting on trunk and neck, often sparing the face. Feels like sandpaper.
Scarlet Fever
45
Jones criteria for rheumatic fever ``` Carditis Arthralgia Syd chorea Erythema marginatum Subcut nodules ```
CASES
46
Strep pharyngitis: sore throat + red swollen, purulent tonsils, swollen lymph nodes. Scarlet fever: exotoxin Ax, sore throat + scarlet red rash starting on trunk and neck, often sparing the face. Feels like sandpaper. Necrotising fasciitis: swelling redness, eventual dusky discolouration with bullae. Post strep glomerulonephritis Rheumatic fever
Group A Strep
47
Neonatal sepsis Meningitis Pneumonia
Group B Strep
48
Exotoxin responsible Gastroenteritis Toxic shock syndrome Scalded skin syndrome ``` Direct organ invasion Pneumonia Meningitis Osteomyelitis Acute bacterial endocarditis Septic arthritis Skin infections: BOILS! Bacteraemia/sepsis UTIs ```
Staph Aureus
49
Commensal of the skin that rarely causes infection Contaminates blood cultures: if present at >2 sites then probably significant. Can cause line/prostheses infections and endocarditis Resistant to antibiotics (penicillins)
S. Epidermidis
50
2nd commonest cause of UTI in young women after E. coli NB: Hugo Donaldson asked/grilled about coagulase negative staph during Path viva.
S. saprophyticus
51
Strep throat – Pen V or amoxicillin for 10 days. Scarlet fever – Pen V or amoxicillin for 10 days. Rheumatic fever – Culture +ve = Big ol shot of Pen G. Necrotising fasciitis – Benzylpenicillin + clindamycin + gentamicin + debridement + panic.
Treating Strep Infections
52
S. aureus: flucloxacillin oral 500mg QDS + vanc and clinda if nasty. S. epidermidis: vancomycin due to resistance to penicillins. S. saprophyticus: penicillin.
Treating Staph Infections
53
Cefuroxime + metronidazole
Surgical Prophylaxis
54
Crosses BBB Meningitis
Ceftriaxone
55
Legionella
Gram negative intracellular
56
Bordetella pertussis
Gram negtaive coccobacilli
57
S. aureus and beta-haemolytic Streptococci Flucloxacillin (unless penicillin allergy or MRSA)
Impetigo, Cellulitis and Wound Infections
58
Pharyngitis Benzyl penicillin x 10 days Group A strep Community-acquired pneumonia (mild) Amoxicillin Pneumococcus, haemophillus, Community-acquired pneumonia (severe) Co-amoxiclav & clarithromycin Pneumococcus, hameophilus, ?marixcella etc. clarithromycin for atypical
Respiratory Tract Infections
59
Tend to be gram negative cephalosporin; ciprofloxacin; piperacillin/tazobactam If MRSA colonised/risk, consider addition of Vancomycin
Hospital-Acquired Respiratory Tract Infections
60
Main pathogens: N. Meningitidis S. pneumoniae +/- Listeria in the very young/elderly/immunocompromised Ceftriaxone (+/- amoxycillin if Listeria likely)
Bacterial Meningitis
61
Cephalexin
Hospital Acquired UTI
62
Lack of expression of CD4+ Regulatory Factor X Class II transactivator Lack of CD4 cells Normal CD8 cells Normal number of B cells But deficiency of IgG and IgA as need CD4 to class switch
Bare lymphocyte syndrome II

Matt's Path REVERSE (18 decks)

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