Last min Flashcards
(22 cards)
Propositional knowledge
Knowing THAT something is the case
Tripartite theory of knowledge
Justified true belief
A Priori
Knowledge that is independent of experience - e.g 2+2=4
A Posteriori
Knowledge dependent on sense experience
Analytic proposition
True by definition
Synthetic proposition
Truth depends on how the world is
Innate knowledge
Knowledge present from birth rather than acquired through experience
Direct realism
The view that we perceive the external world directly
Indirect realism
We perceive sense-data cause by external objects, not the objects themselves
Idealism
Only minds and ideas exist; physical objects are collections of ideas perceived by minds
Scepticism
The view that we cannot have knowledge
Intuition and deduction thesis
Certain truths can be known through reason alone (Descartes)
Utilitarianism
The right action maximises overall happiness or pleasure
Hedonism
The theory that pleasure is the only intrinsic good
Act utilitarianism (Bentham)
Each action is morally assessed by its individual consequences
Rule utilitarianism (Mill)
We follow rules that generally promote the most happiness
Deontological ethics
Morality is based on duty, not consequences
Categorical imperatives (Kant)
Act only according to maxims that you can will as universal law, treat humanity as an end
Virtue ethics (Aristotle)
Morality is about developing virtuous character traits through habituation
Eudaimonia
Flourishing; the ultimate goal of human life according to Aristotle
The doctrine of the mean
Virtue lies between two extremesM
Moral integrity
Staying true to one’s deeply held moral principles, even when faced with difficult choices
