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PSY100 > last minute cram > Flashcards

last minute cram Flashcards

1
Q

A child pretending to be asleep when they know their parent is watching them

A

Hawthorne effect

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2
Q

I rate myself as an above average driver, most people will. This is

A

Self-report bias

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3
Q

Directionality problem

A

We do not know the direction of the causation

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4
Q

Third variable problem

A

There may be a third variable not accounted for that is responsible for the association between the two variables

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5
Q

Descriptive methods

A

Case studies, naturalistic observations, surveys, focus groups, and interviews

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6
Q

The purpose of a descriptive method is to

A

Make careful, systematic observations

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7
Q

Goodall’s discovery

A

Chimpanzees are not vegetarians

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8
Q

Individual differences among participants are examples of

A

Confounding variables

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9
Q

What is a meta-analysis

A

A statistical analysis of many previous experiments on the same topic

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10
Q

Publication bias

A

Published studies arent representivie of all work done on a particular phenomenon

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11
Q

Mixed longitudinal design

A

Participants of a range of ages are observed for a limited time

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12
Q

What are the 3 Rs of the use of animal research

A

replacement, reduction, refinement

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13
Q

There is reliability if there is a strong __ between the two measurement methods

A

Correlation

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14
Q

External validity means that we can

A

Generalize our findings to a greater population

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15
Q

If an experiment has high internal validity, it’s appropriate to

A

make a causal claim

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16
Q

if the study is an experiment, it has high

A

internal validity

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17
Q

Conceptual replications

A

The results will hold if we change the operationalizations of the variables

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18
Q

Construct validity

A

did we use an appropriate operationalization?

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19
Q

Barnum effect

A

When people are easy to believe things that are about them

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20
Q

Self-serving bias

A

When people are more likely to believe positive things about themselves

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21
Q

The study where people held a pencil in their mouth is an example of a study that is

A

Not replicable

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22
Q

EEG provides information about the

A

timing of brain activity

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23
Q

fMRI has __ temporal resolution than EEG

A

poorer

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24
Q

why does fMRI have poorer temporal resolution than EEG

A

because there’s a time lag between peak hemodynamic response and brain activity

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25
Q

Acetylcholine connects nerves and muscles together but is also involved in

A

memory and cognition

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26
Q

glutamate

A

primary excitatory neurotransmitter

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27
Q

GABA

A

primary inhibitory neurotransmitter

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28
Q

Botox blocks

A

Acetylcholine

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29
Q

Language production is in which hemisphere?

A

Left

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30
Q

The hypothalamus

A

works closely with the pituitary gland to release endorphins

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31
Q

In between the action potential and the resting period

A

Refractory period

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32
Q

The hypothalamus is vital to

A

Maintaining homeostasis

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33
Q

What are the 4 F’s that the hypothalamus is concerned with

A

Fighting, fleeing, feeding, fornication

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34
Q

Homeostasis is performed by the

A

Hypothalamus

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35
Q

The case study with the craniopagus twins showed

A

That since they are connected at their thalamus, they can see and taste what each of them are tasting, illustrating the importance of the thalamus as the first stopping point in sensory processing

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36
Q

Basal ganglia are involved in

A

Voluntary movement, they automatically adjust for our movement

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37
Q

Agonists

A

Drugs that enhance the action of neurotransmitters

38
Q

Nucleus accumbens

A

Plays an important role in the brain’s reward and pleasure circuitry

39
Q

Group of individuals who were driving taxis showed greater spatial awareness, this is an example of

A

Neuroplasticity

40
Q

The anterior hippocampus is concerned with

A

Spatial knowledge and memory

41
Q

Efferent pathway

A

brain to muscles

42
Q

Afferent pathway

A

Sensory information coming up to the brain

43
Q

Neural activation causes the hypothalamus to

A

Secrete a releasing factor

44
Q

After a releasing factor is secreted

A

The pituitary gland releases a hormone specific to that factor

45
Q

Hormones travel through

A

The bloodstream

46
Q

Cortisol is a

A

stress hormone

47
Q

The HPA axis is

A

slower-acting

48
Q

The HPA axis consists of

A

the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, the adrenal cortex

49
Q

Taste receptors are located

A

On the taste buds

50
Q

FFA

A

fusiform face area

51
Q

The FFA becomes active

A

During the processing of faces

52
Q

True or false: there are differences in facial processing across different cultures

A

True

53
Q

Information about taste travels from the mouth and the tongue to the

A

medulla

54
Q

Somatotopic organisation

A

Every point of the body has a corresponding point on the somatosensory cortex that’s receiving it

55
Q

Mechanoreceptors respond to

A

mechanical distortion or pressure

56
Q

What is the order of processing taste?

A

taste buds, medulla, thalamus, insula, orbitofrontal cortex

57
Q

The insula is the

A

Taste processing centre and is the primary gustatory and taste cortex

58
Q

Contralateral organization

A

Refers to the criss-crossing of control of different parts of the body

59
Q

Outer ear

A

Consists of the structures that are visible outside the body

60
Q

Pinna

A

Collects and focuses sounds like a funnel

61
Q

The inner ear contains

A

two sets of fluid-filled cavities embedded in the bone of the skull

62
Q

The cochlea contains

A

specialized receptor cells that respond to vibrations transmitted to the inner ear

63
Q

Who was credited with founding experimental psychology?

A

Wilhelm Wundt

64
Q

Hermann von Helmholtz

A

Conducted the study where participants pressed a button whenever they felt a touch

65
Q

The results of Hermann von Helmholtz’s study indicated

A

That the brain can be studied scientifically

66
Q

Gustav Fechner’s study

A

Randomly presented sounds of different intensities to which a participant would respond yes or no

67
Q

Wundt was the first to believe that

A

Conscious experience can be studied scientifically

68
Q

Voluntarism

A

Wilhelm Wundt’s approach to psychology, which reflects the emphasis on conscious will and choice

69
Q

What was Wundt’s approach to psychology

A

Voluntarism

70
Q

Structuralism is associated with

A

Edward Titchener

71
Q

Functionalism is associated with

A

William James

72
Q

Behaviorism is associated with

A

John Watson and BF Skinner

73
Q

Humanism is associated with

A

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

74
Q

Max Wertheimer

A

Founded Gestalt psychology

75
Q

Gestalt psychologists were in conflict with

A

The structuralists

76
Q

Functionalism

A

Views behavior as purposeful because it led to survival

77
Q

William James

A

Functionalism’s chief proponent

78
Q

James coined the term

A

Stream of consciousness

79
Q

By the 1960s, American psychology was dominated by ___ and ___

A

Behaviorism and Freud’s theories

80
Q

Client-centered therapy

A

People have equal standing with the therapist and have an active role in the therapy process.

81
Q

Behaviorism

A

Concentrates on observable, measurable behaviors

82
Q

British empiricists believed in

A

Blank slate and the fact that knowledge is the result of experience

83
Q

John B. Watson

A

Experimented with learning in rats

84
Q

John B. Watson believed in

A

the blank-slate approach

85
Q

Skinner box demonstrated

A

The effects of reward and punishment on future behavior

86
Q

Edward Thorndike

A

Proposed the law of effect

87
Q

Cognitive revolution

A

When the behaviorists’ lack of interest in mental states and activity was challenged

88
Q

Ulric Neisser

A

Coined the term cognition

89
Q

Penfield

A

Created the first detailed functional maps of the human brain

90
Q

Hebb’s rule

A

neurons that fire together wire together

91
Q

Cognitive revolution main idea

A

Private mental processing can be studied scientifically

92
Q

Cognitive neuroscience

A

Seeks to understand the link between cognitive processes and brain activity

PSY100 (13 decks)

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