Last minute stuff Flashcards
What are the four enzymes that set gluconeogenesis apart from glycolysis
pyruvate carboxylase, PEPCK, Fructose-1,6-BPase, and glucose 6 phosphatase
what catalyzes the reactions alanine –> pyruvate and aspartate –> OAA
transaminases
in gluconeogenesis, where is OAA created
the mitochondria
How does acetyl CoA affect gluconeogenesis
it promotes it
what is the cori cycle
it is how the liver uptakes lactate and alanine from other organs and converts them to glucose before returning them to the original organs
what is the cahill cycle
how the liver uptakes alanine from muscle and converts it to glucose before returning it
what two ways can the liver produce glucose
glucneogenesis and glycogen breakdown
where is glycogen phosphorylase b found and what GSD involves a defect here
muscle, GSD V McArdles
Where is glycogen phosphorylase a found and what GSD involves a defect here
liver, GSD VI Hers
What is type II GSD a defect in
alpha 1-4 glucosidase
What is type III GSD a defect in
Debranching enzyme, Cori, short branches
What is type IV GSD a defect in
debranching enzyme, Andersen’s long outer branches
transaldolases transfer
3C
Transketolase transfer
2C using thiamine
What kind of reactions does NADP carry out
oxidation
What kind of reactions does NAD carry out
reduction
What kind of reactions does NADH carry out
oxidation
What kind of reactions does NADPH carry out
reduction
Normally in cells, is there more NADPH or NADP
NADPH
Normally in cells, is there more NAD or NADH
NAD
What does NADPH build up promote
fat synthesis (so does NADH production)
In what patients will the NAD:NADH ratio be opposite to the norm
alcooholics have higher NADH than NAD
What does aldolase A do
break Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate to glyceraldhyde 3 P and DHAP
What does aldolase B do
breaks fructose 1p to glyceraldehyde and DHAP
What is lactose broken down to in the gut of lactose intolerant people
lactice acid and fatty acids
what is Burkitt’s lymphoma the result of
translocation of the myc gene
biotin is a coenzyme for
pyruvate carboxylase
