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last sac of the year Flashcards

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1
Q

mental wellbeing

A

a state of wellbeing in which n individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life and can work productively

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2
Q

mentally healthy person

A

-high level of functioning
-able to manage their feelings and emotions
-can form positive relationships with others

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3
Q

high levels of functioning

A

high level of cognitive communication and understanding
self care- hygiene, dressing

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4
Q

social wellbeing

A

is based on the ability to have satisfying relationships and interactions with others

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5
Q

high level of social wellbeing

A

-develop and maintain healthy relationships
-socially interact with others in an appropriate way

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6
Q

emotional wellbeing

A

is based on the ability to control emotions and express them appropriately and comfortably

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7
Q

high level of emotional wellbeing

A

-develop awareness of their emotions
- regulate emotions and exercise control

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8
Q

aboriginal and torres straight islanders peoples social and emotional wellbeing framework

A

-based on holistic, multidimensional view of healths that recognises the connection to country, family and ancestory

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9
Q

resilience

A

def- is the ability to cope with and adapt well to life stressors and restore positive functioning

-bouncing back from adversity or difficult experiences such as family or relationship problems

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10
Q

model for aboriginal and torres straight islanders peoples SEWB

A

connection to body
mind and emotion
family and kinship
community
culture
country
spirituality and ancestors

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11
Q

connection to body

A

-connecting to the physical body and health in order to participate fully in aspects of life

e.g maintaining healthy weight
-access to good nutrition

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12
Q

connection to mind and emotion

A

-ability to effectively manage thoughts and feelings
-maintaining self esteem
-connecting to values and self esteem

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13
Q

connection to family and kinship

A

-connection to the immediate and wider family group

e.g spending time with fam promotes feeling of connection therefore wellbeing

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14
Q

connection to the community

A

-connection to the wider social systems providing ability to connect and support each other

e.g community service and support networks

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15
Q

connection to culture

A

-strong sense of identity, values and traditions, connection between past present and future

e.g elders passing on info and tradition to future generations

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16
Q

connection to country

A

-traditional lands of a particular language or cultural group both geographically and spiritually

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17
Q

determinants influencing mental health and SEWB for indigenous Australians

A

social determinants
historical determinants
political determinants

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18
Q

social determinants

A

-circumstances in which people grow, live and work and the systems put in place to deal with illness

e.g socioeconomic status
impact of poverty
unemployment

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19
Q

historical determinants

A

-ongoing influence of events, policies and trauma on groups of people

e.g colonisation and its legacy
impact of past government policies

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20
Q

political determinants

A

political policies that shape the process of distributing resources and power to individuals

e.g unresolved issues of land
-control of local resources

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21
Q

aboriginal and torres straight islander people social and emotional wellbeing framework

A

-framework is useful for considering mental wellbeing bc it makes it clear that mental health issues are still entwined with the past injustices associated with colonisation

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22
Q

aboriginal and torres straight islander people social and emotional wellbeing framework part 2

A

framework demonstrates that their is an interactive relationship between SEWB and mental health where a person can experience relatively good SEWB yet still mental health problems

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23
Q

mental wellbeing on a continuum

A

-mental wellbeing is not considered in an arbitrary way as something we either have or do not have. Instead we may be more or less mentally healthy as their are varying levels

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24
Q

mental health problem

A

def-mental health concern that interferes with functioning but is usually less severe and a shorter duration then a mental disorder

characteristics include:
not functioning at optimal level
-temporary

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25
mental health disorder
a mental health state that involves a combination of thoughts, feelings and/or behaviours which are usually associated with significant personal distress and impair ability to function affectively in everyday life characteristics: -dysfunction with individual -it is clinically diagnosable
26
mental wellbeing continuum part 2
despite being located at the end of the continuum, this does not mean that mental unwellness or illness cannot vary in severity -any type of mental illness will involve variable amounts of impairment and distress to the individual
27
factors that influence wellbeing
-their are a range of factors that can cause your mental wellbeing to change internal -come from within the person external-which originate outside a person -biological factors -psychological factors -social factors
28
biological factors (internal)
def-involve physiologically based or determined influences, often under our control e.g genes male/female neurotransmitters and neurotransmission -also biological factors that may be under our control like sleep hygiene and diet
29
psychological factors (internal)
def-involve all those influences associated with mental processes such as our ways of thinking, beliefs and attitudes e.g thoughts beliefs and attitudes personality traits
30
social factors (external)
-refers to the conditions in which people live and grow e.g interpersonal relationships social support lifestyle
31
interaction of factors
the complex interaction of multiple factors helps account for individual differences in mental wellbeing as well as the onset of mental health problems or disorders
32
example of interaction of factors
depression could be explained by the combined effects of genes and brain chemistry (biological), negative ways of thinking and prior learning experiences (psychological) and the death of a loved on (social)
33
stress def
def-is a state of mental or emotional and physiological tensions resulting from factors that are perceived to challenge or threaten our ability to cope
34
stress
when experienced-typically, people in experience this in situations in daily life -may contribute to developing a mental disorder -impact day to day functioning -can be adaptive and helpful -in response to a wide range of objects/events
35
anxiety def
is an emotion akin to worrying and uneasiness that something is wrong or something bas is going to happen and is usually accompanied by physiological signs
36
anxiety
when experienced-typically experience in everyday life -may contribute to mental disorder -can impact day to day function -can be adaptive -can be experienced in wide range of objects/events
37
phobias def
is a persistent, intense, irrational fear of a specific object or event
38
phobias
when experienced- not experienced most of people in daily life -a diagnosed mental disorder -significantly impacts day to day life -not typically adaptive and helpful -typically experienced in relation to a specific object/event
39
risk factors (increase likelihood of MD) biological
biological risk factors are a range of factors that relate to the physiological functioning of the body e.g genetic vulnerability, poor sleep, substance use
40
psychological risk factors
stress, overthinking
41
social risk factors
relate to a persons social contacts and how culture and the social environment influence the development of mental disorders e.g stigma, loss of relationship
42
protective factors
these factors of not guarantee that a mental disorder will not occur, but they do reduce the likelihood of this, bc they have a positive effect on the health of the individual
43
biological protective factors
-ensures that you are consuming the appropriate nutrients to allow your body to carry out all the processes required to maintain high levels pf physical and mental wellbeing -provides body with enough for you to go about your daily life
44
psychological protective factors (cognitive)
cognitive restructuring is the process of learning to identify challenge and modify or replace negative irrational thoughts
45
psychological protective factors- behavioural strategies
behaviour activation involves identifying and scheduling activities that promote enjoyment or reduce stress -people develop specific goals and plans that encourage them to regularly engage in mood elevating activities
46
social protective factors
supportive family, friends and community -having a supportive network can assist an individual to overcome challenges without feeling overwhelmed which may protect from occurrence or occurrence of mental disorder
47
culture determinants of health
many cultures view health in a holistic way -originate from and promote a strength based perspective, acknowledging stronger connections to culture and country build stronger individual and collective identities
48
cultural determinants- cultural continuity
def-involves the preservation of all things to do with aboriginal and torres straight islands people culture over time -involves intergenerational maintenance and transmission of cultural knowledge and practices
49
cultural determinants-self determination
def-refers to the right to freely determine or control their political stats and freely pursue their cultural, social and economic development
50
cultural determinants-self determination- part 2
-torres straight islander people have always known what is best for themselves and their own communities -rather then them merely being engaged or consulted as advisors of mental health services and policies, they are authorised and empowered to develop policies and services on their own
51
phobias pp5
specific phobia is an anxiety disorder characterised by a marked and persistent fear or anxiety about a specific, object and situation
52
phobias contributing factors
biological factors: dysfunctional GABA long term potentiation social factors: specific environmental trigger stigma psychological factors: role of classical conditioning and operant conditioning
53
biological contributing factors to phobias (GABA dysfunction)
GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system -without inhibitory effect of GABA, activation of postsynaptic neurons might get out of control -acts like a calming agent to the excitatory neurotransmitter that lead to anxiety
54
biological dysfunction
-the failure to produce, release or receive the correct amount of GABA needed to regulate neuronal transmission in the brain can result in low levels -People that have low levels of GABA are more vulnerable to anxiety -their flight-fight-freeze response may be easily more triggered by a variety of stimuli, which in turn may predispose them to developing a specific phobia
55
biological contributing factors (long term potentiation)
def-long lasting strengthening of synaptic connection, resulting in more effective neurotransmission -LTP can neurologically strengthen the association between a phobic stimulus and a fear of anxiety response through its activity at the synapses -likely the LTP is occurring the amygdala and the neural pathways formed will have a connection to this structure
56
psychological contributing factors
behavioural models -precipitation by classical conditioning -perpetuation by operant conditioning cognitive models: -memory bias -catastrophic thinking
57
a precipitating risk factor
-increases susceptibility to and contributes to the occurrence of a specific mental disorder
58
a perpetuating risk factor
-maintains the occurrence of a specific mental disorder and inhibits recovery. These are the factors that are causing a persons symptoms to continue or worsen
59
behaviour-precipitation through classical conditioning
-the development of phobias through cc is essentially when a stimulus with no particular significance becomes, by association, a a sign of impending threat, danger etc. The innate, naturally occuring UCR becomes a conditioned fear response
60
answer structure for CC
61
behavioural- perpetuation through operant conditioning
after acquisition through classical conditioning, the phobia can be maintained through operant conditioning -avoidance reduces the unpleasant feelings of fear and anxiety, so it is negatively reinforced
62
cognitive models
def-focus on how the individual processes info about the phobic stimulus
63
cognitive bias
is the tendency to think in a way that involves errors of judgement and faulty decision making -can be habitual ways of thinking and therefore make someone more prone to experiencing fear/anxiety in to response to phobic stimulus
64
cognitive memory bias
memory bias-refers to distorting influences of present knowledge, beliefs and feelings on the recollection of previous experiences -in relation to specific phobia, these types of biases result in tendency for memory recall of a phobic stimulus to focus on the negative/threatening info
65
cognitive-catastrophic thinking
-involves overestimating, exaggerating or magnifying an object or situation and predicting the worse outcome -someone with a phobia, they may think that they will lose control or die if exposed to a relevant phobic stimulus
66
social-specific environmental triggers
-people with phobias report having negative experience with a particular phobic stimulus in their past which attribute as the cause of their phobia -the specific situations in the environment produced or triggered an extreme response -more severe trauma association with an unpleasant/harmful initial experience, more likely phobia will develop
67
social-stigma around seeking treatment
-all specific phobias are based on fears that are, by definition, irrational. This is one of the reasons why it can be difficult to understand or empathise with people who have them
68
biopsychosocial phobia interventions
-evidence-based interventions are treatments that have been found to be effective on the basis of peer reviewers' research studies
69
biological interventions
def-target bodily mechanisms believed to be contributing to a phobia or it's symptoms
70
what are the two biological interventions
1. medications that target GABA dysfunction can minimise the onset or severity of symptoms 2.relaxation techniques can help with management of symptoms
71
biological intervention- use of benzodiazepines
benzodiazepines- a group of drugs that work on CNS, acting selectively on GABA receptors in the brain to increase GABA's inhibitory effects, making post synaptic neurons less likely to fire
72
biological intervention- use of benzodiazepines (2)
both anti anxiety and sleep inducing properties=sedatives -benzo relieve symptoms of anxiety by reducing physiological arousal and promoting relaxation -agonist that stimulate the site where GABA is received
73
side effects of using benzos
highly effective in reducing anxiety but have a side effects such as reduced concentration, alertness and addiction
74
biological interventions-breathing retraining
-breathing retraining is a technique that involves teaching correct breathing habits to people with phobias -this will decrease someones respiration rate -over breathing can lead to to much oxygen in the body and results in dizziness, blurred vision and pins and needless
75
psychological interventions
def- these are used if a phobic stimulus is frequently encountered and is therefore constantly intruding on everyday life 1.cognitive behavioural therapy 2. systematic desensitisation
76
psychological interventions- cognitive behavioural therapy
it assumes that the way a person thinks about an object or situation influences the way they feel about it,, as well as the way they behave in response to it
77
psychological interventions- systematic desensitisation (def)
def-kind of behaviours therapy that aims to replace an anxiety response with a relaxation response when an individual with a specific phobia encounters a fear stimulus
78
the steps of systematic desensitisation
step 1: teach individual relaxations technique (e.g breathing retraining) step 2: breaking down stimulus into least to most anxiety producing step 3:systematic, graduated pairing of items in hierarchy with relaxation, working through the hierarchy with relaxation, working through one step at a time -can not progress up the ladder if a step is not completed
79
social interventions: psychoeducation
process of providing info to people with mental illness and their family members or friends to increase their understanding of the disorders and treatment options. taught to challenge unrealistic or anxious thoughts and not encouraging avoidance behaviours
80

pyschology (15 decks)

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