Last Test Flashcards by Meghan Escue

Releasing and inhibiting hormones

Cause release of hormones from anterior pituitary gland

Hypothalamus

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Prolactin

Stimulates breasts to make milk

Anterior pituitary

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Thyroid stimulating hormone TSH

Release of thyroid hormones

Anterior Pituitary

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Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH

Release of Cortisol

Anterior Pituitary

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Luteinizing Hormone LH

Follicle stimulating hormone FSH

Gamete production, sex steroid release

Anterior Pituitary

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Antidiuretic Hormone ADH

Increase water reabsoeption in kidney tubules

Posterior pituitary

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Oxytocin

Uterine contraction, milk ejection

Posterior pituitary

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Thyroxin

Control metabolism

Thyroid

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Calcitonin

Reduce blood calcium levels
Thyroid

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Parathyroid hormone PTH

Increase blood calcium levels
Parathyroid

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Aldosterone

Increase sodium reabsorption in kidney tubules

Adrenal Cortex

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Cortisol

Chronic stress response

Adrenal cortex

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Epinephrine

Stimulate fight or flight response
Adrenal Medulla

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Insulin

Decrease blood glucose levels
Pancreas

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Glucagon

Increase blood glucose levels
Pancreas

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Melatonin

Regulates biological clock

Pineal gland

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Estrogen and Progesterone

Gamete production, reproductive organ function

Ovaries

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Androgens/Testosterone

Gamete production, reproductive organ function

Testes

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Types of hormones that bind to receptor on inside

Lipid soluble

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Types of hormones that binds to receptor ON membrane since cannot cross

Water soluble

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Number of receptors increase with low hormone concentration

Up regulation

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Number of receptors decrease with high hormone concentration

Down regulation

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Development (eggs) happen outside mother

Oviparous

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Occurs when fertilized eggs develop inside of a mother that provides protection but no nourishment

Ovoviparous

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Embryo receives direct placental nourishment and results in live viable offspring (mammals)

Viviparous

Within the testes where sperm is made

Seminiferous tubules

Produced in the hypothalamus of the brain and causes release of the two gonadotropin hormones (LH and FSH) from the Anterior Pituitary

Gonadotropin releasing hormone GnRH

Released from Anterior Pituitary and results in sperm production

FSH follicle stimulating hormone

Release from Anterior Pituitary and causes testosterone release

LH luteinizing hormone

Remnants of follicle after ovulation that continues to produce female sex steroids

Corpus luteum

Occurs in oviducts

Fertilization

Diploid cell formed by fusion of egg and sperm

Zygote

Solid ball of cells

Morula

Hollow ball of cells

Blastocyst

Becomes skin and nervous system

Ectoderm

Becomes muscle and bone

Mesoderm

Becomes epithelial linings

Endoderm

Concerned with how an organisms structure, physiology, and behavior meet the challenges posed by its environment

Organismal Ecology

Analyzes factors that affect population size and how and why it changes through time

Population ecology

Examines how interactions between species such as predation and competition affect community structure and organization

Community ecology

Studies energy flow and chemical cycling between organisms and their environment

Ecosystem ecology

Include any living things

Biotic

Non living things such as temp, precipitation, sunlight availability

Abiotic

More affected by biotic factors

Density dependent

More affected by abiotic factors

Density independent

A relationship in which one organism is helped and the ither is neither helped or harmed

Commensalism

Relationship in which both organisms benefit

Mutualism

Relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed

Parasitism

Begins with rocky environment no soil and vegetation takes forever to grow Ex: volcano

Primary succession

Begins with disturbance to an ecosystem with soil Ex: forest fire

Secondary succession

Stable

Negative feedback

Crashes

Positive feedback

Rebuilds endometrium

Estrogen

Maintains endometrium

Progesterone

J shape curve chart

Exponential growth

S shaped growth chart

Logistic growth chart

More babies = less care

Fecundity

When logistic growth chart levels off it is called

Carrying capacity

Surviving with new techniques

Character displacement

First species to populate area usually lichen and hearty plants

Pioneer species