Last week panic Flashcards by Sophie Vaughan-Williams

What eye change is seen in Gardner syndrome?

Congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Borchardt’s triad?

Epigastric pain
Retching without vomiting
Inability to pass NG

Indicates gastric volvulus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What local anaesthetic causes chocolate coloured blood?

Prilocaine

Due to methaemaglobin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is leriche syndrome?

Triad of atherosclerotic occlusive disease involving the abdominal aorta and/or both of the iliac arteries.

Claudication in buttocks and thighs
Atrophy of musculature in legs
Impotence due to paralysis of L1

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is colle’s fascia?

A continuation of scarper’s fascia and a membranous layer of the superficial fascia of the perineum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the following, continuations of
- Dartos muscle + Colle’s fascia
- External spermatic fascia
- Cremasteric muscle
- Internal spermatic fascia
- Tunica vaginalis

Scarpa’s fascia
External oblique aponeurosis
Internal oblique
Transversalis fascia
Peritoneum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What test is used to assess compression of upper airway?

flow volume loop

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anaemia and low reticulocyte count in sickle cell disease means what?

Parvovirus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the fluid regime for electrical burns?

4ml/kg/TBSA to achieve urine ouput of 100ml/hr

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the antidote for methaemoglobinaemia? And what caused it?

Caused by prilocaine and antidote is methylene blue.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the effect of cholecystokinin on gastric emptying?

Decreases gastric emptying

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of cancer is associated with wood work?

Ethmoid sinus cancer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the treatment of pseudomyxoma peritoneii?

peritonectomy (Sugarbaker procedure) and heated intra peritoneal chemotherapy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which cells produce tumour necrosis factor?

Macrophages

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which disorder causes discrepancy in leg length?

Neurofibromatosis Type 1
It is called plexiform neurofibroma, which is a sheet of neurofibromatosis tissue which encases major nerves. In children this attracts extra blood circulation, which can accelerate growth of the affected limb.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

saphena varix features

Fat people
Varicose veins present
Absent on lying down, present on standing up
More of a swelling than a mass

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the management for proximal oesophageal SCC?

Radical chemoradiotherapy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where do oesphageal varices drain?

Azygous/hemiazygous vein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What drugs reduce secretion of renin?

NSAIDs
Beta blockers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a merkel cell tumour?

Type of skin cancer
Consist of sheets and nodules of hyperchromatic epithelial cells, with high rates of mitosis and apoptosis.
The periorbital area is the commonest site.
Lymphovascular invasion is commonly seen.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of incision is made for an open appendicectomy in children?

Lanz

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the blood supply to the prostate?

Inferior vesicle artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where does the middle rectal artery branch from?

Internal iliac artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the management of malignant hyperthermia?

Dantrolene

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which muscle relaxant may produce histamine release?

Atracurium Due to ester hydrolysis

What is the blood supply to the lacrimal apparatus? What is the nerve supply?

Ophthalmic artery Ophthalmic nerve (V1) - via pterygopalatine ganglion

Causes of normal anion gap acidosis

H - hyperventilation A - acetazolamide R - renal tubular acidosis D - Diarrhoea U - Ureteral diversion P - Pancreatic fistula

What is intravesical BCG used for?

TCC of bladder

Where does middle thyroid vein drain?

Internal jugular vein

What is the first line investigation for a 65 year old with iron deficiency anaemia?

Colonoscopy

What percentage of patients are hypertensive in phaeocromocytomas?

90%

Where are musculi pectinati found?

Right atrium

What hormone causes release of prolactin from the pituitary?

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

Does atrophic gastritis increase or decrease risk of gastric ca?

Increase

What type of necrosis is seen in malignant hypertension?

Fibrinoid necrosis

What statistical test is done for a small sample size?

Fisher's

What is a systolic murmur and rib notching indicative of?

Coarctation of the aorta

Drugs likely to cause SIADH?

A - Analgesia (opioids, NSAIDs, amitriptyline) B - Barbituates C - Carbamazepine, cyclophosphamide, chlorpromazine D - Diuretics + Haloperidol

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin overlying the lateral aspect of the nose?

Anterior ethmoidal (branch of nasociliary, which is a branch of the ophthlamic nerve CN V1)

What condition are retinal and cerebellar haemorrhages associated with?

Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

What vessels lie posterior to ascending colon?

Gonadal vessels

Do beta blockers increase or decrease release of insulin?

Decrease

Dobutamine binds to what receptors?

What is the lymphatic drainage of the ear?

Lateral upper half - parotid Medial upper half - mastoid and deep cervical Lower half and lobule - superficial cervical

What renal tumours are associated with tuberous sclerosis?

Angiomyolipoma

Which type of breast cancer associated with lymphocytic infiltrate?

Medullary breast cancer

What do the spinothalamic tracts do?

Sensory - pain and temperature

What sympathetic ganglion should be divided to treat hyperhydrosis?

T2 and T3

Which nerve is responsible for the corneal reflex?

Afferent - Ophthalmic V1 Efferent - Facial

Causes of increased ion acidosis

M - methanol U - ureaemia D - DKA P -Paraldehyde I - Iron L - Lactic acidosis E - ethanol S - Salicylates

What is the normal anion gap?

8-14

What antibody is associated with primary biliary cholangitis?

Anti-mitochondiral antibodies

What is meralgia paresthetica?

Meralgia paresthetica is a disorder characterized by tingling, numbness, and burning pain in the outer side of the thigh. The disorder occurs when the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is compressed or squeezed as it exits the pelvis.

What is the embryology of the bladder?

Primitive urogenital sinus

What does c diff look like on histology?

Gram positive anaerobic rods

What does ventricular septal defect develop from? What about atrioventricular septal defect?

bulbus cordis Endocardial cushion

Features of central cord syndrome

Occurs due to hyperextension in elderly patient Combination of sensory and motor symptoms

Which antibiotic can cause peripheral neuropathy?

Metronidazole

What does heart dominance mean?

Refers to which coronary artery gives off posterior descending artery

What is gold therapy used for?

Rheumatoid arthritis

Which nerve is at risk of damage during posteromedial approach of baker cyst excision?

Saphenous

Where is osteosarcoma going to metastasize first?

Lung

What bacteria causes haemolytic uraemic syndrome?

E.coli

What is the active form of vitamin D

1-25 dihydroxy cholecalciferol Calcitriol

What is seen on histology for hashimotos thyroiditis?

intense lymphocytic infiltrate with acinar destruction and fibrosis.

How much fluid do you give as a bolus in children?

10ml/kg over 10 mins

Type of anaemia with atrophic gastritis

marcrocytic

Why might a patient by hypocalcaemic after transfusion?

Citrate toxicity

Which rotator cuff muscle is responsible for internal rotation?

Subscapularis

Mechanism of action of dobutamine

Increases contractility of heart - B1 receptors Reduces BP - B2

Common cause of ear infection in children

moraxella cateralis

Painful neck swelling and siderophages

Thyroid cyst

What causes hyperfibrinolysis in DIC/trauma

tissue plasminogen (activator)

Nerve injured in supracondylar fractures

Anterior interosseus (median)

What is the mechanism of action of naloxone?

Competitive antagonist

Amyloid composition in: - renal - multiple myeloma - heart

- AA - AL - Attr

Bifurcation of carotids?

Histological finding in rheumatoid arthritis?

Necrobiotic granuloma

Antibiotic for bacteroides?

Metronidazole

Which muscle causes abduction and adduction of vocal cords?

Abduction - Posterior cricoarytenoid Adduction - Lateral cricoarytenoid

What is the q sofa score?

screening for sepsis Altered mental state Systolic BP<100 RR>22

What type of antibiotic is vancomycin?

glycopeptide

What drains into the superior meatus

posterior ethmoid sphenoid

Klumke's presentation

Claw hand Supinated Loss of sensation in C8-T1 dermatomes Horner's syndrome

monitor for recurrence in medullary cancer if calcitonin isnt available

CEA

stellate ganglion lcoation

C7-T1

Which part of kidney produces EPO

Interstitial fibroblasts