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MRCS - Part A > Vascular > Flashcards

Vascular Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

From which artery does the thyroid ima artery arise?

A

Brachiocephalic

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2
Q

Which 2 vessels join together to form the portal vein?

A

Superior Mesenteric Vein and Splenic Vein

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3
Q

Which blood vessels do the superior, middle and inferior adrenal arteries originate from?

A

Superior - Inferior splenic artery
Middle - Aorta
Inferior - Renal artery

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4
Q

What artery is closely related to the axillary nerve?

A

Posterior circumflex humeral artery

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5
Q

What structures accompanies the aorta as it passes through the diaphram?

A

Thoracic duct
Azygous and hemiazygous veins

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6
Q

Which vessel is the dorsalis pedis artery a continuation of?

A

anterior tibial artery

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7
Q

Which vessels are the trunks and cords of the brachial plexus related to?

A

Trunks - subclavian
Cords - axillary

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8
Q

Which artery is closely related to the junction of the long saphenous vein with the femoral vein?

A

Deep external pudendal artery

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9
Q

What artery does the superior thyroid artery branch from?

A

External carotid artery

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10
Q

What are the 8 branches of the external carotid artery?

A

Superior thyroid artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery
Maxillary artery
Superficial temporal artery

Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students

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11
Q

Where does the obturator artery arise from?

A

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

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12
Q

What is the most common carotid body tumour?

A

Paraganglionoma

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13
Q

What are the branches of the abdominal aorta - and are they paired or unpaired?

A

Inferior phrenic - Paired
Coeliac - Unpaired
SMA - Unpaired
Middle suprarenal - Paired
Renal - Paired
Gonadal - Paired
Lumbar - Paired
IMA - Unpaired
Median sacral - Unpaired
Common iliac - terminal and paired

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14
Q

What is the pathology of an aortic aneurysm?

A

The primary event is loss of elastic fibres in the media with subsequent degradation of collagen fibres

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15
Q

What is Leriche Syndrome?

A

Due to atherosclerotic occlusive disease of abdominal aorta +/- iliac arteries
Triad:
1. Claudication of the buttocks and thighs
2. Atrophy of the musculature of the legs
3. Impotence (due to paralysis of the L1 nerve)

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16
Q

What complication can occur when a PTFE graft is used without a miller cuff?

A

Neo-intimal hyperplasia

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17
Q

What are the features of Takayasu’s arteritis ?

A

Most commonly affects young asian females
Inflammation in the walls of the largest arteries in the body: the aorta and its main branches
Pulseless peripheries are a classical finding
Treatment is with systemic steroids

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18
Q

What is cystic medial necrosis?

A

seen in marfan’s disease
a disease of large arteries, especially the aorta, caused by collagen linking defects leading to deposition of basophilic ground substance in the media, creating cyst-like lesions that weaken the artery wall

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19
Q

What lab test is used to monitor patients with unfractionated heparin?

A

APTT

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20
Q

What factors does protein C inhibit?

A

VIIIa
Va

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21
Q

Which factors help convert factor X into Xa?

A

IXa
VIIIa
VIIa
IIIa

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22
Q

Which factor is affected in haemophilia A, B and C?

A

A - VIII
B - IX
C - XI

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23
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of haemophilia A and B?

A

X linked recessive

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24
Q

What happens to APTT, PT and bleeding time in haemophilia?

A

APTT is increased
PT is normal
Bleeding time is normal

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25
What factors influence APTT?
VIII IX XI XII
26
Why is APTT increased in von willebrand disease?
The prolongation is secondary to low levels of FVIII because one of the normal functions of vWF is to protect FVIII from degradation
27
What happens to APTT, PT and bleeding time in vitamin K deficiency?
APTT - increased PT - increased the most Bleeding time - normal
28
What happens to APTT, PT and bleeding time in von willebrand disease?
APTT - increased PT - normal Bleeding time is increased
29
What is the most common adverse event with fresh frozen plasma?
Urticaria
30
What is the most common adverse event with packed red blood cells?
Pyrexia
31
Which coagulation factors are consumed most quickly in DIC?
V and VIII and platelets
32
Which coagulation factors are likely to be deficient in liver disease?
1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11
33
What produces factor VIII?
Endothelial cells of the liver
34
What is the reversal agent for heparin?
Protamine sulfate
35
What is adductor canal compression syndrome?
Compression of the femoral artery by the musculotendinous band from adductor magnus muscle. Causes ischaemic symptoms on exertion in young males.
36
What is the difference between adductor canal compression and popliteal artery entrapment?
Popliteal artery pulse disappears on full extension where as it is present in adductor canal compression.
37
How does heparin cause hyperkalaemia?
Through aldosterone secretion
38
What organism is most likely associated with gangrene?
Clostridium perfringens Subcutaneous emphysema is present
39
What do stipple cells indicate?
Lead poisoning/haemoglobinopathies
40
What cell types are found on blood film post splenectomy?
Howell-Jolly bodies Pappenheimer bodies Poikilocytes (Target cells) Erythrocyte containing siderotic granules Heinz bodies
41
What nerve lies within the carotid sheath between the internal jugular vein and the carotid artery?
Vagus nerve Other nerves in carotid sheath include: Ansa cervicalis Hypoglossal Accessory Sympathetic fibres
42
At what vertebral level does the aorta bifurcate into the common iliac arteries?
L4
43
What is leriche syndrome?
Atherosclerotic disease and occlusion of abdominal aorta +/- iliac arteries resulting in reduced blood flow to the pelvic viscera and the following triad: 1. Impotence 2. Claudication of buttocks and thighs 3. Atrophy of thigh muscles
44
At what vertebral level does the common iliac vein join the IVC?
L5
45
What are the features of chronic obliterative arterial disease?
Painful ulcers associated with a low ABPI +/- pitting oedema due to IHD and heart failure
46
What is the management of a patient with an iliac occlusion, normal contralateral vessels but with significant co-morbidities?
Femoro-femoral cross over graft
47
What nerves cross anteriorly to the carotid sheath?
Hypoglossal and ansa cervicalis
48
What cell type mediates graft versus host disease in blood transfusions?
Lymphocytes
49
Where is the majority of iron found in the body?
Haemoglobin 70%
50
What are the branches of the internal iliac artery?
Posterior division - Iliolumbar artery - Lateral sacral artery - Superior gluteal artery Anterior division - Superior vesicular artery - Obturator artery - Inferior vesicular artery - Uterine artery - Middle rectal artery - Internal pudendal artery
51
What are the branches of the internal pudendal artery?
Perineal artery Inferior rectal artery Posterior labial/scrotal artery Artery to bulb of vestibule/penis Dorsal artery of clitoris/penis Deep artery of clitoris/penis
52
Where does the inferior epigastric artery originate?
External iliac artery
53
What is the argon plasma coagulation system used for?
Splenic bleeding
54
What are the branches of the subclavian?
V ertebral artery I nternal thoracic T hyrocervical trunk C ostalcervical trunk D orsal scapular VIT C&D
55
What are the tributaries of the inferior vena cava?
Iliacs Lumbar Testicular - or ovarian. Right only however. Left gonadal veins drain into the left renal vein Renal Suprarenal Hepatic veins
56
At what vertebral level does the IVC start?
L5
57
What boundary of the epiploic foramen of winslow does the IVC form?
Posterior
58
What is the normal venous pressure of the portal vein and IVC
IVC 8-12 mmHg Portal vein 5-7 mmHg
59
Where do the short gastric arteries arise from and through what structure do they travel?
Splenic artery Gastrosplenic ligament
60
What vessel travels anterior to the SMA?
Splenic vein

MRCS - Part A (16 decks)

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