Latest in Clinical Nutrition: Volume 34

Question 1

BPA exposure can be transferred from thermal receipt paper from a cash register receipt, with
skin care products actually increasing the transfer.

Answer 1

T

Question 2

Recommendations from an expert panel in the guidelines for risk reduction in children are to begin
lipid screening between 16-18 years of age.

Answer 2

F

Question 3

Studies have found that a substantially longer estimated life expectancy, from 3.8 to 8.7 years,
can be achieved in men with a serum cholesterol level below 200 mg/dL.

Answer 3

T

Question 4

The diet of a pregnant mother does not affect her offspring, according to researchers.

Answer 4

F

Question 5

Stroke is the tenth leading cause of death and one of the leading causes of temporary
disability in the U.S

Answer 5

F

Question 6

Endometriosis affects 1 to 3 percent of women of reproductive age, 20 to 30 percent of women
and teenage girls with pelvic pain, and up to 20 percent of women with infertility.

Answer 6

F

Question 7

Stomach cancer risk differs significantly among dietary groups, with the highest levels of
stomach cancer found in meat eaters and the lowest found in vegetarians.

Answer 7

T

Question 8

The vagus nerve is involved in the autonomic, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal,
immune and endocrine systems.

Answer 8

T

Question 9

Vitamin D may improve physical performance, reduce chronic pain, and improve mood in older
adults

Answer 9

T

Question 10

The FDA has identified hundreds of dietary supplements marketed for sexual enhancement, weight
loss and bodybuilding that have been adulterated with prescription medications.

Answer 10

T

Question 11

Studies have found that rosemary compounds give off an aroma that improves cognition
through different neurochemical pathways.

Answer 11

T

Question 12

A diet high in salt produces an increase in asthmatic symptoms, while reducing salt intake
decreases the asthmatic symptoms

Answer 12

T

Question 13

The sodium content of processed foods and “fast food” in developed societies can be more than
100 times higher in comparison to similar homemade meals

Answer 13

T

Question 14

Increased dietary fiber intake is associated with a beneficial decrease in risk of elevated C- reactive
protein, whereas saturated fat consumption is associated with an increased likelihood of elevated
CRP.

Answer 14

T

Question 15

There is a link between late-life disorders of cognition and elevated mid-life levels of blood
pressure, with a strong link to dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.

Answer 15

T

Question 16

The World Health Organization estimates that approximately 300,000 deaths per year occur
worldwide as a result of a low fruit and vegetable consumption

Answer 16

F

Question 17

Pomegranate juice is more effective as a medicinal food for its therapeutic power than an extract
or supplement

Answer 17

T

Question 18

Lead damages children’s brains, erodes intelligence, and has been found to limit the ability to make
good decisions

Answer 18

T

Question 19

One way to reduce take-home exposure includes showering and changing into clean clothes after
shooting at a firing range

Answer 19

T

Question 20

Fiber inhibits intestinal absorption of various substances, including lead, which can then be
secreted in the feces.

Answer 20

T

Question 21

Daily supplementation with 1,000 mgs of vitamin ascorbic acid [vitamin C] showed a
significant reduction in blood lead levels after just one week.

Answer 21

T

Question 22

High concentrations of IGF-I in the blood are associated with a greater risk of breast cancer and are
linked to a high consumption of cow’s milk.

Answer 22

T

Question 23

Compared to vegans and vegetarians, omnivores had elevated plasma TMAO concentrations and
significantly higher relative abundance of fecal clostridia, associated with protein fermentation.

Answer 23

T

Question 24

Eliminating TFAs [trans fatty acids] from the diet each day could save as many as 50,000 lives
each year and up to 30 billion dollars annually, according to some researchers

Answer 24

T

Question 25

A diet high in fish and animal products results in a greater exposure to persistent organic compounds and metals that a plant-based diet avoids, as these compounds “bio-accumulate” up the food chain.

Answer 25

T

Question 26

Until recently, chicken producers would add the drug roxarsone to chicken feed to treat intestinal parasites, as well as to improve the flesh of the chicken with an “appealing pink color.”

Answer 26

T

Question 27

Due to the fact that up to 200,000 chickens can be raised under one roof in three months, farmers will typically add organo-arsenicals and other antimicrobials to chicken feed to counter the potential for widespread disease and infection.

Answer 27

F

Question 28

There are no standards for arsenic in food products set by the FDA, even though food products are the main source of exposure

Answer 28

T

Question 29

Commercial rice milk differs from homemade in that it is fortified with vitamins and minerals, while homemade rice milk is lower in arsenic than commercial rice milk.

Answer 29

T

Question 30

Coconut oil has been linked to medium-chain triglycerides as beneficial in the commercial literature; however, scientific researchers state that the triglycerides found in coconut oil cannot be applied, as the structure, absorption and metabolism are different.

Answer 30

T

Question 31

There is a growing body of evidence that the combination of dietary and lifestyle changes may help in the prevention of the spread of cancer

Answer 31

T

Question 32

For individuals with systemic inflammation and intestinal inflammation, the removal of milk products, pork, beef and eggs was associated with a clinically significant improvement of 41 percent in individuals who followed this diet

Answer 32

T

Question 33

Plant-based diets, inclusive of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, have been found to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, improve the metabolic profile, and produce favorable gene expression.

Answer 33

T

Question 34

Flax may average a hundred times more lignans than other foods, with very powerful anticancer lignan compounds

Answer 34

T

Question 35

A serving is defined as ¼ cup of hummus or bean dip, ½ cup of cooked beans, split peas, lentils, tofu, or tempeh, or a full cup of fresh peas or sprouted lentils

Answer 35

T

Question 36

Daily consumption of legumes (beans, split peas, chickpeas, and lentils) is found to be perhaps the most important dietary predictor of survival in older people in countries around the world

Answer 36

T

Question 37

There is ever-growing evidence that legumes (beans, split peas, chickpeas, and lentils) are good for us, associated with a longer lifespan, a significantly lower risk of colorectal cancer

Answer 37

T

Question 38

Science has demonstrated that all whole plant foods are associated with decreased mortality, meaning the more of them people ate, the longer people tended to live. And this includes lectin filled foods, such as whole grains and beans.

Answer 38

T

Question 39

Beta carotene is like a proxy for healthy fruit and vegetable intake. The way you get high levels in your blood is you eat lots of healthy foods, like greens and sweet potatoes

Answer 39

T

Question 40

“Poor diet” is on par with cigarette smoking as the most common actual cause of death, yet the medical profession is “inadequately” trained in nutrition. Worse, nutrition education (in medical school) appears to be in decline.

Answer 40

T

Question 41

Individuals who took just about ½ teaspoon of Amla powder a day (dried Indian gooseberries, a powdered fruit) showed a 35-45% drop in total cholesterol in three weeks

Answer 41

T

Question 42

Phytochemicals may be guardians of our health, with the safety of consuming concentrated extracts that provide protective benefits superior to whole foods.

Answer 42

T

Question 43

Human milk has 15 times less casein than bovine milk, and differs sequence-wise by about half, and so breaks down into peptides differently.

Answer 43

T

Question 44

Chronic exposure to elevated levels of bovine casomorphins have been shown to impair early child development, setting the stage for autistic disorders

Answer 44

T

Question 45

Eggs are the most frequent cause of food sensitivity in children. Out of hundreds of kids with eczema tested, egg allergy was documented in two-thirds of those with sensitivities.

Answer 45

T

Question 46

Studies dating back more than a half century appear to show that if you add an avocado to people’s daily diets, their cholesterol drops; it then goes back up when you remove the avocados, then goes back down again

Answer 46

T

Question 47

The only three benefits of using medical marijuana a researcher could find substantial evidence for was as a treatment for “chronic pain in adults, chemo-induced nausea and vomiting, and relieving self-reported muscle tightness in patients with MS.”

Answer 47

T

Question 48

Vitamin D is another possibility as to why African-Americans disproportionately suffer from fibroids. As many as 80% of black women may have “inadequate levels of vitamin D” compared with only one in five white women.

Answer 48

T

Question 49

People who eat foods made from soybeans, which have these “health-promoting isoflavones,” tend to have lower rates of a variety of chronic diseases.

Answer 49

T

Question 50

Soy milk appears to prevent bone loss in the spines of postmenopausal women who can produce equol, but not in those individuals who cannot produce equol.

Answer 50

T

Question 51

Vegetarians have among the highest equol production rates ever recorded, more than four times as “likely to be…equol producers as their nonvegetarian counterparts.”

Answer 51

T

Question 52

The author suggests that baker’s, brewer’s, and nutritional yeast “beta-glucan are able to counteract the negative effects of stress on the immune system.”

Answer 52

T

Question 53

Two tablespoons of coconut oil a day showed a significant increase in insulin resistance in the coconut-oil group, which is what eventually causes type 2 diabetes, despite being told to increase fruits and vegetables, cut down on sugars and animal fat, and despite an exercise program of walking 50 minutes a day, four days a week.

Answer 53

T

Question 54

The cancer screening test that has been most carefully studied is mammograms. “In the past 50 years, more than 600,000 women have participated in 10 randomized trials.”

Answer 54

T

Question 55

Currently, there is one main group in the U.S. “charged with making mammogram recommendations,” setting guidelines that are consistent and best for women.

Answer 55

F

Question 56

“For every life saved by mammography, [as many as] two to 10 women are over- diagnosed”— meaning turned into breast cancer patients unnecessarily, along with all the attendant harms of chemo, radiation, or surgery without the benefits. Harms can include death.

Answer 56

T

Question 57

“Avocado consumption is associated with not only better diet quality and nutrient intake, but lower metabolic syndrome risk.” Avocado eaters only had half the odds of metabolic syndrome

Answer 57

T

Question 58

The earlier mammogram screening is started, the higher the risk as well since there’s more time for a cancer to grow. This comes up for women with BRCA gene mutations, for whom screening is sometimes recommended starting in their twenties. But, at that age, mammograms may cause as many breast cancer deaths as they prevent

Answer 58

T

Question 59

For every 2,000 women invited for mammograms for 10 years, one will have her life prolonged and 10 healthy women will be over-diagnosed. In other words, they “would not have had a breast cancer diagnosed” if they had skipped screening and were instead “treated for breast cancer unnecessarily.”

Answer 59

T

Question 60

Every year, cannabis is estimated to result in two million years of healthy life lost due to disability. This is small compared to 100 million or so years attributed to alcohol or tobacco, but still results in a lot of pain and suffering

Answer 60

T

Question 61

Less than one in 10 women were aware that mammograms carried any potential harms at all, and more than nine out of 10 were unaware that some breast cancers never cause problems.

Answer 61

T

Question 62

The majority of primary care physicians did not know which screening statistics provide reliable evidence on whether screening works. They “were…3 times more likely to say they would ‘definitely recommend’” a cancer screening test based on “irrelevant evidence” compared to a test that actually decreased cancer mortality by 20%.

Answer 62

T

Question 63

Population studies have found associations between acne and the consumption of foods like dairy, sweets, and chocolate. The Harvard Nurses study, which looked at nearly 50,000 women, found a link between adolescent milk drinking and acne, particularly skim milk, something that’s been found for teenage boys as well

Answer 63

T

Question 64

Ayurvedic supplements, for example, specifically marketed to pregnant women, exceeded safety levels by up to 4 million percent, making “Ayurvedic medicine use and lead poisoning a continued concern in the United States.”;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;/

Answer 64

T

Question 65

Burns treated by topical aloe gel healed 50% faster, and the pain went away about 30% quicker, than a standard treatment using silver sulfadiazine.,

Answer 65

T

Question 66

Apple peels can also inhibit the formation of genotoxic, DNA-damaging, heterocyclic amines, cutting the levels of these cooked meat carcinogens by up to more than half

Answer 66

T

Question 67

Evidence is accumulating that alcohol drinking is also associated with pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and melanoma. We’re also pretty certain that alcohol increases the risk of mouth cancer, throat cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, voice box cancer, and breast cancer.

Answer 67

T

Question 68

There apparently is no French paradox; it seems to have been all been just a scam. But that’s what started the whole “resveratrol fiasco.” Even after it turned out there was “no French paradox,” research continued unabated, culminating in “10,000 scientific publications” to date.

Answer 68

T

Question 69

Animal products have more copper, mercury, lead, and cadmium. They lack folate, but contain saturated fat, cholesterol, and pro-inflammatory advanced glycation end products, and dietary modification may be our best bet for reducing risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

Answer 69

T

Question 70

Avocados can also boost the absorption of the carotenoid phytonutrients in other vegetables because carotenoids, like beta-carotene, are fat soluble

Answer 70

T

Question 71

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics: “Marijuana is not a benign drug for teens. The teen brain is still developing, and marijuana may cause abnormal brain development.” This is why they and the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry have “officially opposed legalization.”

Answer 71

T

Question 72

Shark cartilage contains inhibitors of tumor angiogenesis; cow cartilage offers the same inhibition of tumor angiogenesis at a fraction of the price

Answer 72

T

Question 73

Japanese women have the highest soy consumption in the world. Researchers had previously found that soy…intake was inversely associated with the risk of hysterectomy.

Answer 73

T

Question 74

Kale is a best-of-all-worlds food, low in calories and packed to the hilt with nutrition, vitamins, minerals, anti-inflammatory compounds, and antioxidant phytonutrients. Kale has shown a protective effect on the oxidation of [LDL] even at low concentrations

Answer 74

T

Question 75

Blueberry pigments are metabolized by our liver and our microbiome (the good bacteria in our gut) into active metabolites that are then absorbed into our system.

Answer 75

T

Question 76

Exercise-associated muscle cramping is generally related to electrolyte loss.

Answer 76

F