Latin 2 Flashcards

(498 cards)

1
Q

mālō mālle māluī

A

prefer

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2
Q

legō legere lēgī lēctum

A

gather, choose, read

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3
Q

littera -ae f.

A

letter, (pl.) literature

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4
Q

lingua -ae f.

A

tongue; language

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5
Q

līmen līminis n.

A

threshold

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6
Q

licet licēre licuit licitum est

A

it is permitted (+ dat. + infin.)

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7
Q

licet

A

even though

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8
Q

libīdō -inis f.

A

passion, lust

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9
Q

libet libēre libuit or libitum est

A

it is pleasing (+ dat. + infin.)

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10
Q

lībertās -ātis f.

A

freedom

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11
Q

liber librī m.

A

book

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12
Q

līber lībera līberum

A

free; līberī (m. pl.): freeborn children

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13
Q

lēx lēgis f.

A

law

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14
Q

levis -e

A

light, trivial

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15
Q

lītus -oris n.

A

shore

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16
Q

locus -ī m.

A

place; loca (n. pl.) region

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17
Q

male

A

(adv.) badly

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18
Q

māiōrēs māiōrum m.

A

ancestors

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19
Q

māgnus -a -um

A

great

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20
Q

māgnitūdō -inis f.

A

greatness, size

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21
Q

magister magistrī m.

A

master, chief

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22
Q

magis

A

more

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23
Q

maestus -a -um

A

sad, sorrowful; depressing

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24
Q

lūx lūcis f.

A

light of day

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25
longē
far, far off
26
longus -a -um
long, far
27
loquor loquī locūtus sum
speak, talk
28
lūmen luminis n.
light
29
lūna -ae f.
moon
30
inde
from there, from then
31
incipiō -cipere -cēpī -ceptum
begin
32
incidō incidere incidī
fall upon, fall into; happen
33
in
in, on (+ abl.); into, onto (+ acc)
34
impōnō -ere -posuī -positum
put in, put on, impose, levy upon
35
impleō -ēre -plēvī -plētum
fill in, fill up
36
impetus -ūs m.
attack
37
imperō -āre
command, control
38
imperium -ī n.
command, power
39
imperātor -ōris m.
commander
40
indicō -āre
point out, show, make known
41
īnferō īnferre intulī illātum
bring upon, against; bellum īnferre: make war on
42
īnstituō -stituere -stituī -stitūtum:
undertake; equip
43
inquam, inquis, inquit, inquiunt:
say (used with direct speech)
44
iniūria -ae f.:
injustice, wrong, affront
45
initium -ī n.:
beginning
46
inimīcus -a -um:
unfriendly; (as subst.) enemy
47
ingredior -gredī -gressus sum:
step in, enter
48
ingrātus -a -um:
unpleasant, disagreeable
49
ingēns ingentis
huge, enormous
50
ingenium -ī n.
disposition, ability, talent
51
īnferus -a -um
low; īnferior: lower; īnfimus or īmus: lowest
52
imāgō -inis f.
image, form, figure
53
illūc
to that place
54
hūmānus -a -um
human
55
hūc
to this place
56
hostis -is m./f.
stranger, enemy
57
hospes hospitis m.
guest, guest-friend; stranger; host
58
hortor hortārī hortātus sum
urge strongly, advise, exhort
59
hōra -ae f.
hour
60
honor -ōris m.
honor, glory; office, post
61
honestus -a -um
honorable
62
homō hominis m.
human being
63
humus -ī f.
ground; humī: on the ground
64
iaceō iacēre iacuī
lie
65
iaciō iacere iēcī iactum
throw, hurl
66
illīc
at that place, there; illinc: from that place
67
ille illa illud
that
68
ignis -is m.
fire
69
igitur
therefore
70
ideō
for this reason
71
īdem eadem idem
the same
72
īctus -ūs m.
blow, stroke
73
ibi
there
74
iam
now; already
75
hodiē
today
76
īnsula -ae f.:
island
77
legiō -ōnis f.
legion
78
iuvō iuvāre iūvī iūtum
help, assist; please, delight
79
iuvenis -is m.
youth
80
iūstus -a -um
right, just, fair
81
iūs iūris n.
right, justice, law
82
iūrō -āre
take an oath, swear; iūs iūrandum, oath
83
iungō iungere iūnxī iūnctum
join
84
iugum -ī n.
yoke; ridge, chain of hills
85
iūdicō -āre
judge, decide
86
iūdicium -ī n.
judgment, decision, trial
87
labor -ōris m.
toil, exertion
88
labōrō -āre
toil, work; be in trouble or distress
89
lacrima -ae f.
tear
90
lēgātus -ī m.
lieutenant, envoy
91
laus laudis f.
praise, glory
92
laudō -āre
praise
93
lātus -a -um
broad, wide
94
latus -eris n.
side, flank
95
lateō latēre latuī
lie hidden, be hidden
96
lapis lapidis m.
stone
97
laetus -a -um
glad, joyful
98
laedō laedere laesī laesum
injure by striking, hurt
99
iūdex iūdicis m.
judge, juror
100
iubeō iubēre iussī iussum
bid, order
101
intrō -āre
enter
102
intrā
within (+ acc.)
103
intersum -esse -fuī
to be between; take part in, attend (+dat.); interest, it is in the interest of (+ gen.)
104
interrogō -āre
put a question to, ask (+ acc.)
105
interim
meanwhile
106
interficiō -ficere -fēcī -fectum
kill
107
inter
between, among; during (+ acc.)
108
intendō -tendere -tendī -tentum:
stretch out, strain
109
intellegō -legere -lēxī -lēctum:
understand
110
integer -gra -grum:
untouched, fresh, complete, whole
111
inveniō -venīre -vēnī -ventum
find; discover
112
invidia -ae f.
envy, jealousy, hatred
113
iterum
again
114
iter itineris n.
journey, route
115
item
likewise
116
itaque
and so, therefore
117
ita
thus, so
118
iste ista istud
that, that of yours; adv. istīc or istūc: over there; istinc: from over there
119
is ea id
he, she, it
120
īrāscor īrāscī īrātus sum
grow angry; īrātus -a -um: angry
121
īra irae f.
wrath, anger
122
ipse ipsa ipsum
him- her- itself
123
fateor fatērī fassus sum
admit, confess; profess, declare; assent, say yes
124
fātum -ī n.
fate; death
125
fax facis f.
torch
126
fēlīciter
luckily
127
familia -ae f.
household, family
128
famēs -is f.
hunger, famine
129
fāma -ae f.
rumor, fame
130
falsus -a -um
deceptive, false
131
fallō fallere fefellī falsum
deceive
132
factum -ī n.
deed, accomplishment
133
faciō facere fēcī factum
do, make
134
fēlīx -īcis
lucky
135
fēmina -ae f.
woman
136
fīnis -is m.
end, boundary
137
fingō fingere fīnxī fīctum
shape; invent
138
fīlia -ae f.; fīlius -ī m.
daughter; son
139
fidēs -eī f.
trust, faith
140
fidēlis -e
faithful
141
fessus -a -um
weary, tired
142
ferrum -ī n.
iron, iron weapon or implement
143
ferō ferre tulī lātum
bear, carry, endure
144
ferē
almost
145
ferus -a -um
wild, fierce; fera -ae f.: wild animal
146
fīō fierī factus sum
become, happen, be done
147
facinus facinoris n.
deed, crime
148
exemplum -ī n.
example, sample, copy
149
excipiō -cipere -cēpī -ceptum
take out
150
ex, ē
out of, from (+ abl.)
151
etiam
also, even
152
et
and
153
error -ōris m.
wandering; error, mistake
154
errō -āre
go astray, wander
155
ēripiō -ripere -ripuī -reptum
snatch away, rescue, save
156
ergō
therefore
157
equus -ī m.
horse
158
exeō -īre -iī -itum
go forth
159
exerceō -ercēre -ercuī -ercitum
train, exercise, carry on
160
facilis -e
easy
161
faciēs -ēī f.
form, appearance
162
fābula -ae f.
account, tale, story
163
extrēmus -a -um
farthest, situated at the end or tip, extreme
164
exspectō -āre
watch, wait, expect
165
exsilium -ī n.
exile, banishment
166
experior -perīrī -pertus sum
try thoroughly, test, experience
167
exīstimō -āre
think, believe
168
exigō -igere -ēgī -āctum
drive out; collect
169
exercitus -ūs m.
army
170
eques equitis m.
horseman, knight
171
hiems hiemis f.
winter
172
genus generis n.
origin, lineage, kind
173
gēns gentis f.
family, clan
174
gaudium -ī n.
delight, joy, pleasure
175
gaudeō gaudēre gāvīsus sum
rejoice
176
furor -ōris m.
rage, fury
177
fūnus fūneris n.
funeral; death; dead body
178
fundō fundere fūdī fūsum
pour, scatter
179
fugō -āre
put to flight
180
fugiō fugere fūgī fugitum
flee, escape
181
gerō gerere gessī gestum
bear, manage; bellum gerere, wage war
182
gīgnō gīgnere genuī genitum
beget, bear, bring forth
183
hīc
here; hinc: from here
184
hic haec hoc
this, these
185
haud
not
186
habeō habēre habuī habitum
have, hold
187
gravis -e
heavy, serious
188
grātus -a -um
pleasant; grateful
189
grātia -ae f.
favor, influence, gratitude
190
gradus -ūs m.
step, pace; grade, rank
191
glōria -ae f.
glory, fame
192
gladius -ī m.
sword
193
fuga -ae f.
flight, route
194
flamma -ae f.
flame, fire
195
fors fortis f.
chance
196
fōrma -ae f.
shape; beauty
197
for fārī fātus sum
report, say
198
fōns fontis m.
spring, fountain
199
foedus -a -um
foul
200
fluō fluere fluxī fluxum
flow
201
flūmen -inis n.
stream, river
202
fluctus -ūs m
flood, billow, surf
203
flōs flōris m.
flower, bloom
204
fleō flēre flēvī flētum
weep
205
forsitan, fortasse
perhaps, perchance
206
fortē
by chance
207
frūstrā
in vain
208
fruor fruī frūctus sum
enjoy the produce of, profit by, use (+ abl.)
209
frūmentum -ī n.
grain
210
frūctus -ūs m.
fruit, crops; enjoyment, delight
211
frōns frontis f.
forehead, brow; front
212
frequēns -ntis
in large numbers, often
213
frāter frātris m.
brother
214
frangō frangere frēgī frāctum
break, shatter
215
forum -ī n.
market-place, forum
216
fortūna -ae f.
fortune
217
fortis -e
brave
218
decet decēre decuīt
it is right, proper, fitting (+ acc. + infin.)
219
decus decoris n.
beauty, grace; ornament, glory, honor
220
dēdūcō -dūcere -dūxī -ductum
launch, lead away
221
dēfendō -fendere -fendī -fēnsum
defend, ward off
222
dēcernō -cernere -crēvī -crētum
determine, decide
223
decem
ten
224
dēbeō dēbēre dēbuī dēbitum
owe, be obliged
225
deus -ī m.; dea -ae f.
god; goddess
226
down from, about, concerning (+ abl.)
227
damnum -ī n.
damage, injury
228
dēferō -ferre -tulī -lātum
carry away, report
229
deficiō -ficere -fēcī -fectum
fail, give out; revolt from
230
diēs diēī m./f.
day
231
dīcō dīcere dīxī dictum
say; causam dīcere, plead a case; diem dīcere, appoint a day
232
dexter -tra -trum
right; dextera -ae f.: right hand
233
dēsum -esse -fuī
be lacking
234
dēsinō -sinere -siī -situm
leave off, cease
235
dēsīderō -āre
long for, desire greatly
236
dēserō -ere dēseruī dēsertum
leave, desert, abandon
237
dēscendō -scendere -scendī -scēnsum
climb down, descend
238
dēnique
finally
239
deinde/dein
then, next
240
damnō -āre
condemn
241
custōs custōdis m.
guardian
242
cursus -ūs m.
course, advance
243
creō -āre
produce, create; elect, choose
244
crēdō crēdere crēdidī crēditum
believe
245
corrumpō -rumpere -rūpī -ruptum
break up, destroy, ruin
246
corpus corporis n.
body
247
cornu -ūs n.
horn
248
cor cordis n.
heart; cordī est, it is pleasing to (+ dat.)
249
cōpia -ae f.
abundance; (pl.) troops
250
convīvium -iī n.
banquet, feast
251
convertō -vertere -vertī -versum
turn about, turn, change
252
crēscō crēscere crēvī crētum
grow, increase
253
crīmen -inis n.
verdict, accusation
254
culpa -ae f.
guilt, fault, blame
255
currus -ūs m.
chariot
256
currō currere cucurrī cursum
run
257
cūrō -āre
watch over, look after, care for (+ acc.)
258
cūra -ae f.
care, concern
259
cūr
why?
260
cupiō -ere -īvī -ītum
desire
261
cupīdō -inis f.
desire, eagerness, craving
262
cūnctus -a -um
entire all together
263
cum
with (prep. + abl.); when, since, although (conjunction + subj.)
264
dō dare dedī datum
give
265
differō differre distulī dīlātum
scatter; publish, divulge; differ; defer, postpone
266
epistula -ae f.
letter
267
ecce
behold!
268
dux ducis m./f.
leader, general
269
dūrus -a -um
hard, tough, harsh
270
duo duae duo
two
271
dum
while (+ indic.); until (+ subj.); provided that (+ subj.)
272
dulcis -e
sweet
273
dūcō dūcere dūxī ductum
lead; uxōrem dūcere, marry
274
dubius -a -um
doubtful; (as subst.) a doubt; sine dubiō, without a doubt, certainly
275
dubitō -āre
hesitate, doubt
276
ēdīcō -dīcere -dīxī -dictum
declare
277
ēdō ēdere ēdidī ēditum
put forth, state, explain
278
ēdūcō -dūcere -dūxī -ductum
lead forth
279
eō īre iī/īvī itum
go
280
(adv.) there, to that place
281
enim
for, indeed
282
ēligō ēligere ēlēgī ēlēctum
pick out, select
283
ēgregius -a -um
distinguished, uncommon
284
ēgredior ēgredī ēgressus sum
stride out, depart, disembark from (+ abl.)
285
ego meī mihi mē
I, me
286
effundō -fundere -fūdī -fūsum
pour out
287
efficiō -ficere -fēcī -fectum
bring about, complete; render (+ ut + subj.)
288
dormiō -īre
sleep
289
dōnum -ī n.
gift, present
290
dōnō -āre
present with a gift (+ acc. of person and abl. of thing)
291
dīversus -a -um
different, diverse
292
diū:
for a long time
293
discō -ere didicī
learn
294
disciplīna -ae f.
training, instruction; learning, discipline
295
discēdō -ere -cessī -cessum
go away, depart
296
dīmittō -mittere -mīsī -missum
send away
297
dīligō -ligere -lēxī -lēctum
choose, cherish, love
298
dīgnus -a -um
worthy
299
dīgnitās -ātis f.
worth, reputation, honor
300
difficilis -e
not easy, hard, difficult
301
dīves dīvitis
rich (poet. dīs, dītis)
302
dīvidō -ere dīvīsī dīvīsum
divide, separate
303
dōnec
until
304
domus -ūs f.
house, home
305
dominus -ī m.; domina -ae f.
household master, lord; mistress
306
dolus -ī m.
artifice, device, trick
307
dolor -ōris m.
pain, grief
308
doleō -ēre doluī
feel pain or grief, grieve
309
doceō -ēre -uī doctum
teach
310
dīvus -a -um
divine, godlike; (as subst.) a god
311
dīvitiae -ārum f. pl.
riches, wealth
312
caveō cavēre cāvī cautum
be on guard, beware
313
cāsus -ūs m.
a fall; chance, accident
314
castrum -ī n.
fortress, (regularly plural, castra camp)
315
cārus -a -um
dear
316
carmen -inis n.
song
317
careō -ēre -uī
lack (+ abl.)
318
caput capitis n.
head
319
capiō capere cēpī captum
seize
320
canō canere cecinī cantum
sing
321
causa -ae f.
cause, reason; causā + preceding genitive, for the sake of
322
cēdō cēdere cessī cessum
go, move; yield
323
celebrō -āre
frequent, throng, crowd
324
cēterum
for the rest, in addition, however that may be
325
certus -a -um
sure, fixed
326
certō -āre
decide by contest; fight, compete, vie
327
certē
certainly, surely
328
cernō cernere crēvī crētum
discern, separate
329
centum
one hundred
330
cēnseō cēnsēre cēnsuī cēnsum
assess, rate; think, decide
331
celeriter
quickly
332
celer -is -e
swift
333
cēterus -a -um
the other, the others, the rest
334
canis -is m./f.
dog
335
candidus -a -um
white, fair
336
bene
well
337
bellum -ī n.
war
338
beātus -a -um
happy, blessed, prosperous, fortunate
339
barbarus -ī m.
foreigner, barbarian
340
auxilium -ī n.
support, assistance; (pl.) auxiliary forces
341
autem
moreover, but, however
342
aut
or
343
aurum -ī n.
gold
344
auris -is f.
ear
345
beneficium -ī n.
service, kindness
346
bonus -a -um
good
347
bōs bovis m.
ox; gen. pl. boum
348
campus -ī m.
plain, field
349
caelum -ī n.
sky, heavens
350
caelestis -e
from or of heaven; caelestēs, the gods
351
caedō caedere cecīdī caesum
strike, kill, cut down
352
caedēs -is f.
killing, slaughter
353
caecus -a -um
blind, unseeing; dark, obscure
354
cadō cadere cecidī cāsum
fall, be killed
355
breviter
briefly
356
brevis -e
short, shallow, brief
357
castus -a -um
pure, spotless, chaste
358
cibus -ī m.
food
359
conveniō -venīre -vēnī -ventum
assemble, meet; agree
360
cōnsequor -sequī -secūtus sum
follow up, overtake, attain
361
cōnor cōnārī cōnātus sum
try, attempt
362
coniunx coniugis m./f.
spouse, husband, wife
363
cōnfiteor cōnfitērī cōnfessus sum
admit (a fact), confess (a crime); reveal, disclose
364
cōnficiō -ficere -fēcī -fectum
complete, accomplish; destroy, kill, consume
365
cōnferō cōnferre contulī collātum
collect, bring to
366
condō -dere -didī -ditum
build, found; store up; hide, conceal
367
condīciō -ōnis f.
agreement, condition
368
concēdō -cēdere -cessī -cessum
yield, withdraw
369
cōnsilium -ī n.
plan; council, group of advisors
370
cōnsistō -sistere -stitī
take position; consist in, be composed of
371
cōnstituō -stituere -stituī -stitūtum
establish, put together
372
contrā
against, opposite (adv. and prep. +acc.)
373
contingō -tingere -tigī -tactum
touch, be contiguous to
374
contineō -tinēre -tinuī -tentum
contain, restrain
375
contemnō -temnere -tempsī -temptum
despise, scorn, disdain
376
cōnsūmō -sūmere -sūmpsī -sūmptum
to use up, consume
377
cōnsulō -sulere -suluī -sultum
consult, plan (+ acc.); consider the interests of (+dat)
378
cōnsul -ulis m.
consul
379
cōnsuētūdo -inis f.
custom, habit
380
cōnstō -stāre -stitī
agree; constat, it is established that (+ acc. and infin.)
381
compōnō -pōnere posuī positum
build, construct, arrange
382
comparō -āre
get ready, provide; compare
383
claudō claudere clausī clausum
close, shut
384
classis -is f.
class, division, fleet
385
clārus -a -um
clear, distinguished
386
clāmor -ōris m.
outcry, shout
387
cīvitās -ātis f.
citizenship, state
388
cīvis -is m./f.
citizen
389
citus -a -um
swift; citō swiftly
390
circā
around (adv. and prep. +acc.)
391
cinis cineris m./f.
ashes, embers
392
cingō cingere cīnxī cīnctum
encircle, surround, gird
393
coepī coepisse coeptus
begin
394
cōgitō -āre
think, reflect
395
commūnis -e
common, general
396
committō -mittere -mīsī -missum
join, entrust to (+ dat.); perform, do
397
comes comitis m./f.
companion, comrade; attendant, follower
398
coma -ae f.
hair, tresses
399
color -ōris m.
color
400
colō colere coluī cultum
inhabit, cultivate
401
colligō -ere -lēgī -lēctum
gather together, collect
402
cohors cohortis f.
cohort, band, troop
403
cōgō cōgere coēgī coāctum
drive together; compel
404
cōgnōscō -gnōscere -gnōvī -gnitum
learn, understand
405
afferō afferre attulī allātum
bring to
406
albus -a -um
white
407
aevum -i n.
eternity; lifetime, age
408
aethēr aetheris n.
pure upper air, ether, heaven, sky
409
aeternus -a -um
everlasting, eternal
410
aetās -tātis f.
age, time of life
411
aes aeris n.
copper, bronze
412
āēr āeris m.
air
413
aequus -a -um
equal
414
aequor aequoris n.
level surface, sea, plain
415
afficiō -ficere -fēcī -fectum
affect, visit with (+ abl.)
416
ager agrī m.
field
417
agitō -āre
drive
418
alō alere aluī alitum
nourish
419
aliter
otherwise, differently
420
aliquis -quae -quod
some, any; si quis, si quid: anyone who, anything that
421
aliquandō
at some time, at length
422
aliēnus -a -um
foreign, strange
423
alius -a -ud
other, another; ālias: at another time
424
aiō
say, affirm, say yes; ut āiunt: as they say
425
agō agere ēgī āctum
drive, do, act
426
āgmen -minis n.
line of march
427
alter altera alterum
other of two
428
aequē
equally
429
addō -dere -didī -ditum
give to
430
ad
to, up to, towards (+acc.)
431
aciēs -ēī f.
edge; line of battle
432
ācer ācris ācre
sharp, piercing
433
accipiō -cipere -cēpī -ceptum
receive
434
accidō -cidere -cidī
fall; happen
435
accēdō -cēdere -cessī -cessum
approach
436
ac
and in addition, and also, and; (after comparatives) than; simul ac, as soon as; → atque
437
absum abesse āfuī
be away, absent
438
abeō -īre -iī -itum
go away
439
addūcō -ere -dūxī -ductum
lead to, induce
440
adeō
(adv.) to such a degree, so
441
aegrē
with difficulty
442
aeger aegra aegrum
sick
443
aedēs -is f.
building; (pl.) house
444
advertō -vertere -vertī -versum
turn towards
445
adversus (-um)
(adv. and prep.) facing, opposite, against, opposed (to)
446
adversus -a -um
facing, opposed; unfavorable
447
adveniō -īre -vēnī -ventum
come to, arrive at
448
adhūc
thus far, to this point
449
adhibeō -hibēre -hibuī -hibitum
apply
450
adeō -īre -iī -itum
go to
451
antīquus -a -um
ancient, old-time, former
452
ā ab abs
from, by (+abl.)
453
astrum -ī n.
star; constellation
454
adsum adesse affuī
be present
455
aspiciō -ere -spēxī -spectum
look to or at, behold
456
ascendō -ere -scendī -scēnsum
climb up, ascend
457
arx arcis f.
citadel, castle; summit
458
arvum -ī n.
ploughed land, field
459
ars artis f.
skill
460
arma -ōrum n. pl.
arms, weapons
461
argentum -ī n.
silver, money
462
at
but, but yet
463
atque
and in addition, and also, and; (after comparatives) than; simul atque, as soon as; → ac
464
auctor -ōris m.
originator, founder
465
aureus -a -um
golden; splendid
466
aura -ae f.
breeze
467
avis -is f.
bird
468
augeō augēre auxī auctum
increase
469
auferō auferre abstulī ablātum
take away
470
audiō -īre -īvī/-iī -ītum
hear, listen to
471
audeō audēre ausus sum
dare, be eager
472
audāx audācis
bold, daring; reckless
473
auctōritās -ātis f.
influence, clout, authority
474
ārdeō ārdēre ārsī ārsum
blaze, glow; be eager
475
arbor arboris f.
tree
476
arbitror arbitrārī arbitrātus sum
consider, think
477
anima -ae f.
breath, spirit
478
an
or (in questions); utrum ... an: whether ... or
479
amplus -a -um
large, spacious
480
amor -ōris m.
love
481
amnis -is m.
river, torrent
482
āmittō -mittere -mīsī -missum
let go, send away
483
amīcus -a -um
friendly; (as subst.) friend
484
amīcitia -ae f.
friendship
485
amō -āre
to love; amāns -ntis m./f.: lover
486
animal -ālis n.
a living being, an animal
487
animus -ī m.
spirit, mind
488
annus -ī m.
year
489
āra -ae f.
altar
490
aqua -ae f.
water
491
apud
near, in the presence of (+acc.)
492
aptus -a -um
fit, suitable
493
appellō -pellāre
call, address, name
494
appāreō -ēre -uī
appear, become visible
495
aperiō aperīre aperuī apertum
open
496
antequam
before
497
ante
before, in front of (adv. and prep. + acc.)
498
altus -a -um
high, lofty; deep