Latin Vocabulary Flashcards by Ash Regan

abdo, abdere, abdidi, abditus

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absens, absentis

absent

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abstineo, abstinere, abstinui, abstentus

keep away from, abstain

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accusatio, accusationis, f

accusation

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acerbus, acerba, acerbum

bitter, harsh, severe

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acuo, acuere, acui, acutus

sharpen, spur on

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acutus, acuta, acutum

sharp, pointed, shrill, keen

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adhibeo, adhibere, adhibui, adhibitus

apply, make use of, bring in, summon

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adimo, adimere, ademi, ademptus

take away (from + dative)

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adipiscor, adipisci, adeptus sum

Obtain, get, reach

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aditus, aditus, m

approach, entrance, admittance

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administro, administrare, administravi, administratus

manage

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admiror, admirari, admiratus sum

wonder at, admire, be surprised at

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admiratio, admirationis, f

admiration, surprise, astonishment

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admitto, admittere, admisi, admissus

admit, allow

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admoneo, admonere, admonui, admonitus

warn, advise, remind

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adorior, adoriri, adortus sum

attack, address, rise up

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adulescentulus, adulescentuli, m

young man

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adversarius, adversaria, adversarium

opposed to, opponent, enemy

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aeger, aegra, aegrum

sick, ill, troubled

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aegre

with difficulty, with regret, with pain

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aequalis, aequalis, aequale

Equal, level, even, contemporary

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aequo, aequare, aequavi, aequatus

equalise, make level, compare

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aequitas, aequitatis, f

Calmness, evenness, uniformity, fairness

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aequor, aequoris, n

Level surface, plain, sea

aer, aeris, m

air

aes alienum, aeris alieni, n

debt

aestimo, aestimare, aestimavi, aestimatus

Value, assess, estimate

aevum, aevi, n

age, time, life-time, eternity

afficio, afficere, affeci, affectus

Influence, affect, endow with

affirmo, affirmare, affirmavi, affirmatus

Confirm, declare

affligo, affligere, afflixi, afflictus

Knock down, knock against, crush

aggredior, aggredi, aggressus sum

approach, attack, undertake

agito, agitare, agitavi, agitatus

put in motion, drive, spur on, disturb, consider

alacer, alacris, alacre

Lively, brisk, spirited, cheerful

albus, alba, album

white

alo, alere, alui, alitus/altus

feed, nourish, rear

ambitio, ambitionis, f

striving for favour, ambition

ambitus, ambitus, m

bribery

amentia, amentiae, f

madness, folly

amnis, amnis, m

stream, river

amplitudo, amplitudinis, f

width, size, grandeur, importance

anceps, ancipitis

twofold, uncertain, doubtful, risky

ancora, ancorae, f

anchor

angustiae, angustiarum, f pl

strait, defile, limit

angustus, angusta, angustum

narrow, limited

anima, animae, f

air, wind, breath, life, soul

anulus, anuli, m

ring

appeto, appetere, appetii/appetivi, appetitus

make for, crave for, try to reach

aptus, apta, aptum

fitting, suitable, appropriate

aquila, aquilae, f

eagle, standard

aro, arare, aravi, aratus

plough

arceo, arcere, arcui

keep off

arcus, arcus, m

bow, arch

ardeo, ardere, arsi, arsus

burn, be on fire, be eager

arduus, ardua, arduum

difficult, laborious

arena, arenae, f

sand, arena, amphitheatre

arguo, arguere, argui, argutus

Declare, prove, accuse

aridus, arida, aridum

Dry, parched

artifex, artificis, m

Skilful, ingenious, craftsman, artist

artificium, artificii, n

Workmanship, work of art, dexterity

asper, aspera, asperum

Rough, uneven, harsh, savage

aspicio, aspicere, aspexi, aspectus

Look at, inspect

asporto, asportare, asportavi, asportatus

carry away

assequor, assequi, assecutus sum

follow after, overtake, gain, comprehend

assiduus, assidua, assiduum

Incessant, persistent

But

Atrium, atrii, n

Hall

atrox, atrocis

Horrible, fierce, savage

auctor, auctoris, m

Author, writer, instigator, authority

aura, aurae, f

Breeze, wind

auris, auris, f

Ear

avaritia, avaritiae, f

Greed

averto, avertere, averti, aversus

Avert, divert

avidus, avida, avidum

Greedy, desirous, eager

avus, avi, m

Grandfather, ancestor

balneum, balnei, n

bath

bello, bellare, bellavi, bellatus

wage war

benevolentia, benevolentiae, f

goodwill, kindness

bracchium, bracchii, n

arm

caecus, caeca, caecum

Blind, hidden

calamitas, calamitatis, f

Damage, loss, disaster

calamitosus, calamitosa, calamitosum

disastrous, destructive

calidus, calida, calidum

Warm, hot, impetuous, prompt

candidus, candida, candidum

dazzling white, gleaming, clear, serene, frank, candid

cano, canere, cecini, cantus

sing, play an instrument, predict

canto, cantare, cantavi, cantatus

Sing, play

capillus, capilli, m

Hair

captivus, captivi, m

Captive, prisoner

carcer, carceris, m

Prison

carmen, carminis, n

Song, poem, prophecy

carpo, carpere, carpsi, carptus

Pluck, gather

caveo, cavere, cavi, cautus

beware, guard against

cavus, cava, cavum

Hollow

celebro, celebrare, celebravi, celebratus

attend, fill, honour, do frequently

celeber, celebris, celebre

crowded, frequented, famous

certamen, certaminis, n

contest, rivalry, combat

certo, certare, certavi, certatus

contend, compete

cervix, cervicis, f

Neck

cesso, cessare, cessavi, cessatus

be inactive, be idle

cinis, cineris, m/f

ash

cingo, cingere, cinxi, cinctus

surround, encircle

circiter + acc

about, near

circumdo, circumdare, circumdedi, circumdatus

set round, encircle, surround

cito, citare, citavi, citatus

hurry, excite, summon, put into swift motion

cito, citare, citavi, citatum

swift, rapid, quick

citra + acc

on this side, short of

citerior, citerius

on this side, nearer

civilis, civilis, civile

civic, civil, courteous, gracious

cliens, clientis, m

client

coerceo, coercere, coercui, coercitus

enclose, confine, restrain

coicio, coicere, coieci, coiectus

throw together, fling, conjecture

collega, collegae, m

colleague, associate

colligo, colligere, collegi, collectus

Pick up, gather, collect

collum, colli, n

neck

colloco, collocare, collocavi, collocatus

station, arrange, establish, place together

color, coloris, m

colour, complexion

coma, comae, f

Hair, foliage

commemoro, commemorare, commemoravi, commemoratus

mention, recount, recall

commendo, commendare, commendavi, commendatus

Entrust, reccomend

communico, communicare, communicavi, communicatus

Share, communicate with

comperio, comperire, comperi, compertus

find out, ascertain, comprehend

complector, complecti, complexus sum

compose, place

compono, componere, composui, compositus

gather, settle, arrange

comprehendo, comprehendere, comprehendi, comprehensus

grasp, seize, comprehend, include

concido, concidere, concidi

Fall, collapse, perish

concilio, conciliare, conciliavi, conciliatus

Unite, win over, bring together

concilium, concilii, n

Meeting, assembly, council

concito, concitare, concitavi, concitatus

stir up, excite, urge

concursus, concursus, m

running together, assembly, collision, rush, charge

condemno, condemnare, condemnavi, condemnatus

condemn

condo, condere, condidi, conditus

found, establish, hide

condicio, condicionis, f

Condition, agreement, arrangement, rank

confido, confidere, confisus sum + dat

have complete trust, feel confidence

confiteor, confiteri, confessus sum

admit, confess

confugio, confugere, confugi

Flee for refuge

conquiro, conquirere, conquisii/conquisivi, conquisitus

seek out, search thoroughly for

conscientia, conscientiae, f

Knowledge, consciousness, conscience

conscius, conscia, conscium

sharing in knowledge, partner, accomplice

consecro, consecrare, consecravi, consecratus

dedicate, consecrate

consentio, consentire, consensi, consensus

agree, conspire

consero, conserere, conserui, consertus

fasten together, connect

conservo, conservare, conservavi, conservatus

Guard closely, keep from harm

consido, considere, consedi, consessus

sit down, settle down, establish oneself

conspectus, conspectus, m

sight, view

conspicio, conspicere, conspexi, conspectus

Catch sight of

conspicuus, conspicua, conspicuum

Visible, remarkable, distinguished

consuesco, consuescere, consuevi, consuetus

become accustomed

consuetudo, consuetudinis, f

Custom, habit

consumo, consumere, consumpsi, consumptus

Use up, consume, devour

contentio, contentionis, f

struggle, dispute, exertion, effort

contentus, contenta, contentum

contented, satisfied

contingo, contingere, contigi, contactus

touch, affect, happen

continuus, continua, continuum

unbroken, continuous

contio, contionis, f

meeting, speech

contumelia, contumeliae, f

Insult, abuse

conventus, conventus, m

Assembly, gathering

converto, convertere, converti, conversus

Turn completely, transform

convoco, convocare, convocavi, convocatus

Call together

cor, cordis, n

Heart, mind

cornu, cornus, n

Horn, trumpet, wing of an army

corripio, corripere, corripui, correptus

Seize, snatch up

corrumpo, corrumpere, corrupi, corruptus

Burst, destroy, corrupt, ruin

cotidianus, cotidiana, cotidianum

Daily

crastinus, crastina, crastinum

Of tomorrow

creo, creare, creavi, creatus

Create, produce, bear, elect

creber, crebra, crebrum

Frequent, crowded

cresco, crescere, crevi, cretus

Arise, increase

crus, cruris, n

Let

cubiculum, cubiculi, n

Bedroom

culpa, culpae, f

Blame, fault

culpo, culpare, culpavi, culpatus

Blame

cultus, cultus, m

Care, worship, dress, education, refinement

cupido, cupidinis, f

Desire, lust, longing

cupidus, cupida, cupidum

Desirous, eager

curia, curiae, f

Senate-house

currus, currus, m

Chariot

cursus, cursus, m

Course, direction, speed

damno, damnare, damnavi, damnatus

Harm, damage, condemn

damnum, damni, n

Loss, damage, defect

declaro, declarare, declaravi, declaratus

Declare, reveal

dedo, dedere, dedidi, deditus

Give up, surrender, yield

deditio, deditionis, f

Surrender

defensio, defensionis, f

Defending, defence

defensor, defensoris, m

Guardian, protector

deficio, deficere, defeci, defectus

Fail, grow weak, run short

delectatio, delectationis, f

Delight, pleasure, charm

deliciae, deliciarum, f pl

Delights, allurements, pet, favourite

deligo, deligere, delegi, delectus

Choose, gather

demens, dementis

Mindless, insane, mad

demo, demere, dempsi, demptus

Take away

demolior, demoliri, demolitus sum

Pull down, demolish

demum

At last, precisely

desero, deserere, deserui, desertus

Abandon, forsake

designo, designare, designavi, designatus

Indicate, elect, choose

desino, desinere, desii/desivi, desitus

Cease, leave off

despero, desperare, desperavi, desperatus

Despair

despicio, despicere, despexi, despectus

Look down on, despise

deterreo, deterrere, deterrui, deterritus

Deter, frighten away

detrimentum, detrimenti, n

Damage, loss, defeat

devoro, devorare, devoravi, devoratus

Devour, consume, squander

differo, differre, distuli, dilatus

Spread, scatter, disperse, display, differ, publish

digitus, digiti, m

Finger

diligo, diligere, dilexi, dilectus

Love, esteem

dimico, dimicare, dimicavi/dimicui, dimicatus

Fight, struggle

dimidium, dimidii, n

Half

disciplina, disciplinae, f

Learning, discipline, training, custom, knowledge

discrimen, discriminis, n

Crisis, danger, risk, distinction

disputo, disputare, disputavi, disputatus

Discuss, examine

dissolvo, dissolvere, dissolvi, dissolutus

Break up, release, pay

distribuo, distribuere, distribui, distributus

Distribute

diutinus, diutina, diutinum

Long-lasting

diversus, diversa, diversum

Separate, different, opposite, opposed

divido, dividere, divisi, divisus

Divide, distribute

dolus, doli, m

Trickery, fraud, guile, stratagem

domo, domare, domui, domitus

Tame, subdue

domesticus, domestica, domesticum

Domestic, of the house

donec

Until, while, so long as

duro, durare, duravi, duratus

Last, harden

effero, efferre, extuli, elatus

Bring forth, carry out, divulge

edo, edere, edidi, editus

Produce, proclaim, publish, give birth to

egeo, egere, egui + abl

Lack, need, be without

elephantus, elephanti, m

Elephant

eludo, eludere, elusi, elusus

Outplay, outmanoeuvre, mock, baffle, foil

epulae, epularum, f pl

Banquet

epulor, epulari, epulatus sum

Attend a banquet, eat

equester, equestris, equestre

Of a horseman, of cavalry, of the equestrian rank

ergo

Therefore

erigo, erigere, erexi, erectus

Raise up, encourage, excite

eruditus, erudita, eruditum

Learned, educated, trained

erumpo, erumpere, erupi, eruptus

Burst out, sally forth

eruptio, eruptionis, f

Bursting forth, sally

evenio, evenire, eveni, eventus

Come out, happen, turn out

eventus, eventus, m

result, event, accident, occurrence

excelsus, excelsa, excelsum

Lofty, high, elevated

excutio, excutere, excussi, excussus

Shake out, shake off, get rid of, banish

exemplum, exempli, n

Example, warning

exerceo, exercere, exercui, exercitus

Train, exercise

exhaurio, exhaurire, exhausi, exhaustus

Use up, drain dry, exhaust

exiguus, exigua, exiguum

Small, meagre, scanty

exilium/exsilium, exilii/exsilii, n

Exile, banishment

existimatio, existimationis, f

Opinion, reputation

exitus, exitus, m

Departure, end, conclusion, result

experior, experiri, expertus sum

Try, test

expleo, explere, explevi, expletus

Fill, complete

expono, exponere, exposui, expositus

Set forth, display

exsequor, exsequi, exsecutus sum

Follow up

exsisto, exsistere, exstiti, exstitus

Exist, appear

exstinguo, exstinguere, exstinxi, exstinctus

Put out, destroy

fabula, fabulae, f

Story, play

facies, faciei, f

Shape, appearance, face, character

factum, facti, n

Deed

fallax, fallacis

Deceitful, treacherous, deceptive

fallo, fallere, fefelli, falsus

Deceive, trick, disappoint

falsus, falsa, falsum

Wrong, mistaken, fictitious

fames, famis, f

Hunger

fas, indeclinable

Divine law, right

fateor, fateri, fassus sum

Admit, reveal

fatigo, fatigare, fatigavi, fatigatus

Weary, exhaust

faveo, favere, favi, fautus + dat

Favour, support

fax, facis, f

Torch

fera, ferae, f

Wild beast

ferus, fera, ferum

Wild, savage, uncivilised

festus, festa, festum

Festal

figo, figere, fixi, fixus

Fix, fasten

figura, figurae, f

Shape, form (noun)

fingo, fingere, finxi, fictus

shape, form (verb)

firmo, firmare, firmavi, firmatus

Strengthen, confirm, encourage

firmus, firma, firmum

Firm, powerful, strong

flagito, flagitare, flagitavi, flagitatus

Demand

flamma, flammae, f

Flame, fire

flecto, flectere, flexi, flexus

Turn, direct, bend

fleo, flere, flevi, fletus

Weep, lament

floreo, florere, florui

Flourish, prosper

flos, floris, m

Flower, bloom, glory

fluctus, fluctus, m

Wave

fluo, fluere, fluxi, fluctus

flow

fluvius, fluvii, m

River, stream

foedus, foeda, foedum

Foul, horrible, disgusting

fons, fontis, m

Spring, fountain, source

foris

Out of doors, abroad

forma, formae, f

Form, shape, beauty

formosus, formosa, formosum

Beautiful, handsome

forsitan

Perhaps

fraus, fraudis, f

Trickery, fraud, harm

fremitus, fremitus, m

Roaring, din

frena, frenorum, n pl

Reins, bridle, restraint

frequens, frequentis

Frequent, repeated, crowded

fretum, freti, n

Straits

fretus, freta, fretum + abl

Relying on

frigidus, frigida, frigidum

Cold

frigus, frigoris, n

Cold, coolness

fruor, frui, fructus/fruitus sum + abl

Enjoy, delight in

fundo, fundere, fudi, fusus

Pour

fungor, fungi, functus sum + acc/abl

Perform

funus, funeris, n

Burial, funeral, death

furor, furoris, m

Fury, madness

furtum, furti, n

Theft, robbery

gemma, gemmae, f

Jewel, gem

gemo, gemere, gemui, gemitus

Groan, sigh

gemitus, gemitus, m

Groan, sigh

gens, gentis, f

Race, clan, people

genus, generis, n

Kind, family, race, birth

gladiator, gladiatoris, m

Gladiator

glorior, gloriari, gloriatus sum

Boast

gracilis, gracilis, gracile

Slender, slim, plain, meagre

gradus, gradus, m

Step, pace

grandis, grandis, grande

Tall, grown-up, large, important, grand

gratiosus, gratiosa, gratiosum

Popular

gratulatio, gratulationis, f

Rejoicing, congratulation

gravitas, gravitatis, f

Weight, influence, seriousness, dignity, importance

grex, gregis, m

Flock, herd, troop

guberno, gubernare, gubernavi, gubernatus

Steer, navigate

haereo, haerere, haesi, haesus

Stick, cling, hold fast, be fixed

hasta, hastae, f

Spear, javelin

hereditas, hereditatis, f

Inheritance

heres, heredis, m/f

Heir, heiress

hesternus, hesterna, hesternum

Of yesterday

hodiernus, hodierna, hodiernum

Of today, modern

horrendus, horrenda, horrendum

Dreadful, terrible, awesome

horreo, horrere, horrui

Shudder, shrink from, bristle

horridus, horrida, horridum

Frightening, rough, uncouth, wild, bristling

hostia, hostiae, f

Sacrificial victim

humilis, humilis, humile

Humble, low, mean

ideo

For that reason, therefore

ignarus, ignara, ignarum

Ignorant, unaware

ignotus, ignota, ignotum

Unknown, obscure

illustris, illustris, illustre

Famous, distinguished, clear, plain

imber, imbris, m

Rain

imitor, imitari, imitatus sum

Imitate, copy

immanis, immanis, immane

Enormous, monstrous

immineo, imminere

Threaten, hang over

impedimentum, impedimenti, n

Hindrance, baggage

impello, impellere, impuli, impulsus

Set in motion, urge on, push

imperitus, imperita, imperitum

Inexperienced, unskilled

impetro, impetrare, impetravi, impetratus

Obtain, accomplish

impiger, impigra, impigrum

Active, energetic

impius, impia, impium

Undutiful, impious, disloyal, unpatriotic

impono, imponere, imposui, impositus

Place upon

improbus, improba, improbum

Bad, perverse, shameless

improvisus, improvisa, improvisum

Unforeseen, unexpected

inanis, inanis, inane

Empty, worthless, poor

incertus, incerta, incertum

Uncertain, doubtful

incido, incidere, incidi, incisus

Cut into, inscribe

incito, incitare, incitavi, incitatus

Rouse, stir up, urge forward

incola, incolae, m/f

Inhabitant

incolo, incolere, incolui

Inhabit

incolumis, incolumis, incolume

Unharmed, safe

incommodum, incommodi, n

Inconvenience, trouble, disadvantage, disaster

indignus, indigna, indignum

Unworthy, undeserving

induo, induere, indui, indutus

Put on, assume

industria, industriae, f

Diligence, hard work

ineo, inire, inii/inivi, initus

Enter, begin

inferior, inferius

Lower, later, inferior

infra + acc

Below

infimus, infima, infimum

Lowest

infestus, infesta, infestum

Hostile, threatening, unsafe

infirmus, infirma, infirmum

Weak, feeble, worthless

ingratus, ingrata, ingratum

Ungrateful, unwelcome, unpleasant

innocens, innocentis

Innocent, blameless, harmless

inopinatus, inopinata, inopinatum

Unexpected

inscius, inscia, inscium

Not knowing, ignorant, unaware

insequor, insequi, insecutus sum

Follow, pursue, reproach

insidiae, insidiarum, f pl

Ambush, plot, artifice

insignis, insignis, insigne

Distinguished, conspicuous

institutum, instituti, n

Regulation, agreement, arrangement, established customs

insto, instare, institi

threaten, press on; stand in/on

instruo, instruere, instruxi, instructus

Draw up, equip, furnish

integer, integra, integrum

Entire, unharmed, intact, blameless, honest

intendo, intendere, intendi, intentus/intensus

stretch, strain, aim at, direct

interdum

Occasionally

interior, interius

Inner, deeper, interior, more hidden

intimus, intima, intimum

Inmost, innermost, most secret, most intimate

intereo, interire, interii, interitus

Pass away, perish

intueor, intueri, intuitus sum

Gaze upon, consider

invideo, invidere, invidi, invisus + dat

envy, begrudge

iugum, iugi, n

Yoke, ridge

iumentum, iumenti, n

Beast of burden

iungo, iungere, iunxi, iunctus

Join, unite, yoke

iuro, iurare, iuravi, iuratus

Swear

iuventus, iuventutis, f

Youth

iuvo, iuvare, iuvi, iutus

Help, delight, please

lacesso, lacessere, lacessii/lacessivi, lacessitus

Provoke, challenge

lacus, lacus, m

Lake

laedo, laedere, laesi, laesus

Hurt, harm

laetor, laetari, laetatus sum

Rejoice

languidus, languida, languidum

Faint, weak, listless

lapis, lapidis, m

Stone

largitio, largitionis, f

Generosity, bribery, corruption

lassus, lassa, lassum

Tired, exhausted

latebrae, latebrarum, f pl

Hiding-place

lateo, latere, latui

Lie hidden

lenis, lenis, lene

Smooth, soft, mild, gentle, moderate

lentus, lenta, lentum

Slow, sluggish, tenacious

liberalitas, liberalitatis, f

Kindness, generosity, courteousness

liberi, liberorum, m pl

Children

lignum, ligni, n

Wood

littera, litterae, f

Letter

litus, litoris, n

Shore

loco, locare, locavi, locatus

Place, put

locuples, locupletis

Rich, wealthy

longinquus, longinqua, longinquum

Far off, remote, long-lasting

luceo, lucere, luxi

Shine, be light

lucidus, lucida, lucidum

Clear, bright, shining

lumen, luminis, n

Light, daylight

luxuria, luxuriae, f

Excess, extravagance

maestus, maesta, maestum

Sad, sorrowful

magnificus, magnifica, magnificum

Splendid, grand

maritimus, maritima, maritimum

Maritime, seafaring, of the sea

maritus, mariti, m

Husband

marmor, marmoris, n

Marble

materia, materiae, f

Matter, theme, subject

maturo, maturare, maturavi, maturatus

Ripen, hasten

maturus, matura, maturum

Ripe, mature, seasonable, early, quick

medicus, medici, m

Doctor, medical

mediocris, mediocris, mediocre

Moderate, ordinary, average

mentior, mentiri, mentitus sum

Lie (like Odysseus does. Deceive, not lie down. Though he does do a lot of that too)

merces, mercedis, f

Pay, recompense, reward

mereo, merere, merui, meritus

Deserve, acquire, earn

meritum, meriti, n

Kindness, service, benefit

merito

Deservedly

meridies, meridiei, m

Midday, south

militia, militiae, f

Military service, warfare

minae, minarum, f pl

Threats, menaces

minor, minari, minatus sum

Threaten, menace

minuo, minuere, minui, minutum

Lesson, reduce, weaken, modify

mirificus, mirifica, mirificum

Wonderful, extraordinary

misceo, miscere, miscui, mixtus/mistus

Mix, mingle

misericordia, misericordiae, f

Pity, compassion, mercy

modestus, modesta, modestum

Moderate, restrained, well-behaved, modest

modicus, modica, modicum

Moderate, ordinary

moles, molis, f

Huge mass, massive structure, pier, burden, difficulty

molestia, molestiae, f

Trouble, annoyance, worry

molestus, molesta, molestum

Troublesome, annoying, burdensome

molior, moliri, molitus sum

Exert oneself, make an effort

mollis, mollis, molle

Soft, flexible, calm, gentle, sensitive

monstro, monstrare, monstravi, monstratus

Show, point out

mora, morae, f

Delay, hindrance

moror, morari, moratus sum

Delay, linger, stay

mordeo, mordere, momordi, morsus

Bite

motus, motus, m

Motion, impulse, commotion, rebellion

mundus, mundi, m

World, Earth, universe

munio, munire, munii/munivi, munitus

Fortify, defend

nanciscor, nancisci, nactus/nanctus sum

Obtain, find

nefandus, nefanda, nefandum

Wrong, sinful, unspeakable

nefarius, nefaria, nefarium

sin, crime against divine law, wickedness

nefas, indeclinable

Wrong, sinful, unspeakable

nemus, nemoris, n

Grove

nepos, nepotis, m

Grandson, nephew

nequeo nequire nequii/nequivi nequitus

Be unable

neuter, neutra, neutrum

Neither of two

niger, nigra, nigrum

Black, dark

nimbus, nimbi, m

Cloud, storm-cloud, storm

niteo, nitere, nitui

Shine

nix, nivis, f

Snow

noceo, nocere, nocui, nocitus + dat

Hurt, harm, injure

nubes, nubis, f

Cloud

nubo, nubere, nupsi, nuptus + dat

Marry

nudo, nudare, nudavi, nudatus

Bare, expose, uncover

nudus, nuda, nudum

Bare, naked, destitute, needy, unadorned

numen, numinis, n

Divine power, deity, divine will, consent

numero, numerare, numeravi, numeratus

Count, reckon, consider

nummus, nummi, m

Coin, money

obicio, obicere, obieci, obiectus

Present, throw in the way

obeo, obire, obii/obivi, obitus

Meet, go to meet, die, perish

obliviscor, oblivisci, oblitus sum

Forget

obruo, obruere, obrui, obrutus

Overwhelm, destroy

obscurus, obscura, obscurum

Dark, gloomy, obscure, covered

obsideo, obsidere, obsedi, obsessus

Blockade, besiege

obstruo, obstruere, obstruxi, obstructus

Block up

occulto, occultare, occultavi, occultatus

Hide, conceal

occurro, occurrere, occurri/occucurri, occursus + dat

Hasten to, meet, occur

odiosus, odiosa, odiosum

Hateful, odious, annoying

offendo, offendere, offendi, offensus

Offend, strike against

offero, offerre, obtuli, oblatus

Present, show, offer

omen, ominis, n

Omen, sign

onerarius, oneraria, onerarium

For carrying freight/burdens

onerosus, onerosa, onerosum

Burdensome, heavy, oppressive

operio, operire, operui, opertus

Cover, conceal, overwhelm

opinor, opinari, opinatus sum

Suppose, imagine, conjecture

opportunus, opportuna, opportunum

Convenient, suitable, advantageous

ops, opis, f

Power, help

opes, opum, f pl

Resources, wealth

opto, optare, optavi, optatus

Choose, desire, wish for

ora, orae, f

Border, edge, district, region, coast

oriens, orientis, m

East, morning

orior, oriri, ortus sum

Rise

os, ossis, n

Bone

ovis, ovis, f

Sheep

pabulor, pabulari, pabulatus sum

Forage

pabulum, pabuli, n

Food, fodder

paco, pacare, pacavi, pacatus

Pacify

pactum, pacti, n

Agreement, contract

pagus, pagi, m

Village, country-district

palus, paludis, f

Marsh, swamp

panis, panis, m

Bread

pariter

Equally, simultaneously

partim

Partly, in part

passus, passus, m

Step, pace

paternus, paterna, paternum

Paternal, of a father

patres conscripti, patrum conscriptorum, m pl

Senators

patrius, patria, patrium

Hereditary

patronus, patroni, m

Defender, advocate, protector, patron

paveo, pavere, pavi

Quake, tremble, be in a panic

pavor, pavoris, m

Panic, terror, quaking, dismay

pecus, pecoris, n

Herd, flock, cattle, sheep

pendeo, pendere, pependi

Hang, be suspended, depend on

pergo, pergere, perrexi, perrectus

Go straight on, continue, proceed

peritus, perita, peritum

Experienced, skilled

permaneo, permanere, permansi, permansus

Continue, stay, endure

permitto, permittere, permisi, permissus

Allow, concede, relinquish

pernicies, perniciei, f

Destruction, ruin

perpetuus, perpetua, perpetuum

Perpetual, unbroken, continuous

persequor, persequi, persecutus sum

Follow through, pursue, prosecute

perspicio, perspicere, perspexi, perspectus

Look closely at, examine, see through

pertimesco, pertimescere, pertimui

Become very frightened

perturbo, perturbare, perturbavi, perturbatus

Throw into confusion

pestis, pestis, f

Destruction, plague, ruin, sickness

philosophus, philosophi, m

Philosopher

pietas, pietatis, f

Piety

pius, pia, pium

Pious, dutiful, holy

piger, pigra, pigrum

Unwilling, lingering, sluggish

pilum, pili, n

Javelin

pingo, pingere, pinxi, pictus

Paint, decorate, embroider

piscis, piscis, m

Fish

placo, placare, placavi, placatus

Calm, appease

placidus, placida, placidum

Calm, gentle, tranquil

planus, plana, planum

Level, flat/plain, clear

plerusque, pleraque, plerumque

Most

pluit, pluere, pluit

It rains

poculum, poculi, n

Cup, goblet

pondus, ponderis, n

Weight

pons, pontis, m

Bridge

pontifex, pontificis, m

High-priest

pontus, ponti, m

Sea

populor, populari, populatus sum

Lay waste, devastate, destroy

porro

Moreover, next

porticus, porticus, f

Colonnade, portico

possideo, possidere, possedi, possessus

Possess

posterior, posterius

Next, later

potens, potentis

Powerful, capable

potentia, potentiae, f

Force, power, strength

potior, potiri, potitus sum

Gain possession of

potissimum

Especially

potius

More, rather

praebeo, praebere, praebui, praebitus

Present, show, offer

praeceptum, praecepti, n

Maxim, rule, injunction

praecipio, praecipere, praecepi, praeceptus

Direct, teach, warm, anticipate

praecipito, praecipitare, praecipitavi, praecipitatus

throw/fall headlong

praecipuus, praecipua, praecipuum

Especial, extraordinary, distinguished

praedico, praedicare, praedicavi, praedicatus

Proclaim, declare, commend, vaunt

praefectus, praefecti, m

Commander, officer, prefect

praesertim

Especially

praestans, praestantis

Eminent, surpassing, extraordinary

praesum, praeesse, praefui + dat

Be in charge of

praetura, praeturae, f

Praetorship

principatus, principatus, m

First place, chief place, reign, rule

principium, principii, n

Beginning, origin

principia, principiorum, n pl

Headquarters

privatim

Privately, at home

probrum, probri, n

Abuse, invective, shameful action

probus, proba, probum

Proper, excellent, virtuous

profiteor, profiteri, professus sum

Declare, acknowledge

promo, promere, prompsi/promsi, promptus

Bring forth, disclose

promptus, prompta, promptum

Ready, prompt, resolute

propero, properare, properavi, properatus

Hurry

proprius, propria, proprium

One’s own, personal

prosperus, prospera, prosperum

Favourable

prospicio, prospicere, prospexi, prospectus

Look forwards, look out for

prosum, prodesse, profui + dat

Be useful, do good

protinus

Continuously, forthwith

provideo, providere, providi, provisus

Foresee

prudens, prudentis

Sensible, prudent, experienced

prudentia, prudentiae, f

Good sense, sound judgement, knowledge

pulvis, pulveris, m

Dust

purus, pura, purum

Clean, clear, pure

quaestio, quaestionis f

Inquiry, investigation, court

queror, queri, questus sum

Complain

quiesco, quiescere, quievi, quietus

Rest, sleep

quietus, quieta, quietum

Peaceful, calm

ramus, rami, m

Branch

rapax, rapacis

grasping, greedy

rapidus, rapida, rapidum

Impetuous, snatching, seizing

rarus, rara, rarum

Thin, rare, infrequent

ratis, ratis, f

Raft, boat

recedo, recedere, recessi, recessus

Withdraw, retreat, retire

recito, recitare, recitavi, recitatus

Read aloud

recupero, recuperare, recuperavi, recuperatus

Recover, regain

recuso, recusare, recusavi, recusatus

Refuse

reficio, reficere, refeci, refectus

Restore, repair, refresh

regio, regionis, f

Region, district

regius, regia, regium

Royal

reicio, reicere, reieci, reiectus

Fling back/off, reject

religiosus, religiosa, religiosum

Pious, conscientious

removeo, removere, removi, remotus

Move back, withdraw

remus, remi, m

Oar

renovo, renovare, renovavi, renovatus

Renew, restore, repair

repente

Suddenly, unexpectedly

repentinus, repentina, repentinum

Sudden, unexpected, hasty

repudio, repudiare, repudiavi, repudiatus

Reject, repudiate, refuse, scorn

requies, requietis, f

Rest, relaxation

requiro, requirere, requisii/requisivi, requisitus

Seek, inquire after, require

reor, reri, ratus sum

Think, reckon

res familiaris, rerum familiarum, f pl

Property, possessions

reservo, reservare, reservavi, reservatus

Reserve, keep back

resisto, resistere, restiti

Resist (+ dative), come to a halt

respicio, respicere, respexi, respectus

Look back at, be mindful of

responsum, responsi, n

Answer, reply

restituo, restituere, restitui, restitutus

Restore

robur, roboris, n

Oak, strength, vigour

rogatio, rogationis, f

Proposed law

rota, rotae, f

Wheel

ruber, rubra, rubrum

Red

rudis, rudis, rude

Coarse, unskilled, unpolished, awkward

rumor, rumoris, m

Rumour, general opinion

rumpo, rumpere, rupi, ruptus

Burst, break

ruo, ruere, rui, rutus

Rush, fall down

rursus

Again

saeculum, saeculi, n

Generation, age

saevio, saevire, saevii, saevitus

Be fierce, be angry

sagitta, sagittae, f

Arrow

salto, saltare, saltavi, saltatus

Dance

saltus, saltus, m

pastureland, woodland

saluto, salutare, salutavi, salutatus

Greet

salvere

To be well

salvus, salva, salvum

Safe

sanctus, sancta, sanctum

Holy, sacred, virtuous

sano, sanare, sanavi, sanatus

Heal, cure

sanus, sana, sanum

Healthy, whole, sane, sound

satietas, satietatis, f

Sufficiency, abundance

satisfacio, satisfacere, satisfeci, satisfactus + dat

Satisfy

sceleratus, scelerata, sceleratum

Wicked, criminal

scutum, scuti, n

Shield

seco, secare, secuti, sectus

Cut

secundus, secunda, secundum

Second, following, favourable

securus, secura, securum

Untroubled, free from care, secure

sedes, sedis, f

Home, seat

seges, segetis, f

Corn, crop

segnis, segnis, segne

Sluggish, inactive, lingering, slow

senior, senioris

Elder

sensus, sensus, m

Sensation, feeling, understanding, judgement, meaning

servio, servire, servii/servivi, servitus + dat

serve

servitus, servitutis, f

Slavery

severus, severa, severum

Serious, strict, severe, grim

siccus, sicca, siccum

Dry

sidus, sideris, n

Constellation, star

significo, significare, significavi, significatus

Indicate, mean, signify

sileo, silere, silui

Be silent, rest

simulo, simulare, simulavi, simulatus

Pretend, imitate

sino, sinere, sii/sivi, situs

Allow

singularis, singularis, singulare

Alone, single

singuli, singulae, singula

One each

sinus, sinus, m

Lap, fold, curve, bay

societas, societatis, f

Alliance

sodalis, sodalis, m

Comrade

sol, solis, m

Sun

sollicito, sollicitare, sollicitavi, sollicitatus

Rouse, excite, disturb

sollicitudo, sollicitudinis, f

Anxiety, disquiet

solum, soli, n

Ground, floor, soil

somnus, somni, m

Sleep

somnium, somnii, n

Dream

sono, sonare, sonui, sonitus

Make a noise, resound

sonus, soni, m

Sound, noise

sonitus, sonitus, m

Sound, noise, din

sopor, soporis, m

Sleep, stupor

sordidus, sordida, sordidum

Shabby, dirty, base, vile

sors, sortis, f

Lot, chance, fate, destiny, prophecy

spatium, spatii, n

Space, expanse, distance, interval, opportunity

species, speciei, f

Sight, appearance, likeness, idea

sperno, spernere, sprevi, spretus

Reject, scorn

spiritus, spiritus, m

Spirit, life, inspiration, breath

statio, stationis, f

Post, status

statua, statuae, f

Statue, image

status, status, m

Position, situation; pay, tax, military service

studeo, studere, studui + dat

Be eager, study, be devoted

studiosus, studiosa, studiosum

Keen, eager, devoted, enthusiastic, studious

stultitia, stultitiae, f

Foolishness, folly

stuprum, stupri, n

Disgrace, dishonour

subicio, subicere, subieci, subiectus

Subject, suggest

subigo, subigere, subegi, subactus

Tame, conquer, subjugate, force

subsidium, subsidii, n

Support, aid

succedo, succedere, successi, successus

Come after, follow in succession, approach

succurro, succurrere, succurri, succursus

Help

suffero, sufferre, sustuli, sublatus

Bear up, support

sumptus, sumptus, m

Expense, cost

superbia, superbiae, f

Arrogance

superbus, superba, superbum

Arrogant, overbearing, haughty

superstes, superstitis

Surviving

supersum, superesse, superfui

Remain, survive

superior, superius

Higher, former, older, greater, superior

supra + acc

Above, beyond

supremus, suprema, supremum

Highest, latest, final

supplex, supplicis

Suppliant, in humble entreaty

supplico, supplicare, supplicavi, supplicatus + dat

Entreat, beg humbly

suspicio, suspicere, suspexi, suspectus

Suspect, mistrust, look up at

suspicio, suspicionis, f

Suspicion, mistrust

suspicor, suspicari, suspicatus sum

Suspect, mistrust

taedium, taedii, n

Weariness, boredom

tango, tangere, tetigi, tactus

Touch

tardus, tarda, tardum

Slow, sluggish, deliberate

tectum, tecti, n

Roof, house

tego, tegere, texi, tectus

Cover

tellus, telluris, f

Earth, land

temere

Rashly, heedlessly, at random

temperantia, temperantiae, f

Moderation, self-control

tempero, temperare, temperavi, temperatus

Govern, regulate, show restraint

tendo, tendere, tetendi, tentus/tensus

Stretch, strain, aim at, direct

tenebrae, tenebrarum, f pl

Darkness, gloomy place

tener, tenera, tenerum

Tender, delicate, soft, yielding

tento, tentare, tentavi, tentatus

Try, test, assail

tenuis, tenuis, tenue

Thin, fine, delicate

tergum, tergi, n

Back, rear

terror, terroris, m

Terror, dread

theatrum, theatri, n

Theatre

tolero, tolerare, toleravi, toleratus

Bear, endure

tormentum, tormenti, n

Torture (metaphorical); Siege engine (literal)

tracto, tractare, tractavi, tractatus

Handle, treat, manage

traduco, traducere, traduxi, traductus

Lead across, transfer

transitus, transitus, m

Crossing over, passage

trepido, trepidare, trepidavi, trepidatus

Be agitated, quiver

tribuo, tribuere, tribui, tributus

Assign, classify, allot, grant

tribunus, tribuni, m

Tribune, officer

tribus, tribus, f

Tribe

triumphus, triumphi, m

Triumph

turba, turbae, f

Crowd, throng, disorder

turris, turris, f

Tower

ulciscor, ulcisci, ultus sum

Punish, avenge

ultimus, ultima, ultimum

Farthest, extreme, remotest, final, latest

ultra

Beyond, farther, besides

ultro

Beyond, besides, of one’s own accord

umbra, umbrae, f

Shadow, shade, ghost

umbrosus, umbrosa, umbrosum

Shady

umerus, umeri, m

Shoulder

una cum

Together with

unda, undae, f

Wave, water

urgeo, urgere, ursi

Press on, push forward, crowd

uro, urere, ussi, ustus

Burn

usque

Continuously

vaco, vacare, vacavi, vacatus

Be empty, be free

vacuus, vacua, vacuum

Empty

vadum, vadi, n

Shallow, shoal

vagor, vagari, vagatus sum

Wander, roam

valde

Greatly, very

vallis, vallis, f

Valley, vale

vallum, valli, n

Rampart

vanus, vana, vanum

Empty, idle, useless

varietas, varietatis, f

Difference, diversity

vasto, vastare, vastavi, vastatus

Lay waste

vastus, vasta, vastum

Vast, empty, desolate, uncouth

vates, vatis, m/f

Soothsayer, bard, poet

veho, vehere, vexi, vectus

Carry, convey

venenum, veneni, n

Poison

veneror, venerari, veneratus sum

Revere, worship

venia, veniae, f

Grace, pardon, favour

ver, veris, n

Spring

versus, versus, m

Verse

vesper, vesperis, m

Evening, evening-star

vestio, vestire, vestii/vestivi, vestitus

Dress, clothe

vestis, vestis, f

Clothing, coverlet

veto, vetare, vetui, vetitus

Forbid

vexo, vexare, vexavi, vexatus

Annoy

vicinus, vicina, vicinum

Neighbour, neighbouring

victus, victus, m

Food, nourishment, way of life

vicus, vici, m

Village, street

vigilia, vigiliae, f

Watch, wakefulness

vigilo, vigilare, vigilavi, vigilatus

Keep awake, watch, be vigilant

vincio, vincire, vinxi, vinctus

Bind, restrain, encircle

vindico, vindicare, vindicavi, vindicatus

Punish, avenge, lay claim to, set free

vinea, vineae, f

Vineyard, mantlet

vires, virium, f pl

Strength, force

virgo, virginis, f

Maiden, girl

viridis, viridis, viride

Green

viso, visere, visi, visus

Visit, go to see, view

volvo, volvere, volvi, volutus

Roll, turn over, revolve

votum, voti, n

Vow, prayer

vulgo

Publicly, generally

vulgus, vulgi, n

Common people, multitude, throng, rabble

vultus, vultus, m

Face, expression, appearance

a, ab + abl

From, by

absum, abesse, afui

Be absent/away/distant

ac, atque

And

accido, accidere, accidi

Happen

accipio, accipere, accepi, acceptus

Accept, take in, receive, hear

acer, acris, acre

Keen, sharp, fierce

acies, aciei, f

Line, battle line, army

ad + acc

To, towards, at, about, near

addo, addere, addidi, additus

Add, join

adeo

So much, so greatly, to such an extent

adhuc

Till now, still

adimo, adimere, ademi, ademptus

Take away, remove

adiuvo, adiuvare, adiuvi, adiutus

Help

adsum, adesse, adfui

Be here, be present

adulescens, adulescentis, m

Youth, young man

advenio, advenire, adveni

Arrive

adversus + acc

Against, towards

adversus

Against, opposite

aedificium, aedificii, n

Building

aedifico, aedificare, aedificavi, aedificatus

Build

aequus, aequa, aequum

Equal, fair, favourable, calm

ager, agri, m

Land, field, territory

agmen, agminis, n

Column of men, army

ago, agere, egi, actus

Do, act, drive

gratias ago, agere, egi, actus

Thank, give thanks

aliquis, aliquid

Someone, something, anyone, anything

alius, alia, aliud

Other, one, another, else

alii ... alii

Some … others

alter, altera, alterum

The other, one (of two), another, a second

altus, alta, altum

High, deep

ambulo, ambulare, ambulavi, ambulatus

Walk

amica, amicae, f

Girl-friend, female friend

amicus, amici, m

Friend

amitto, amittere, amisi, amissus

Lose

amo, amare, amavi, amatus

Love, like

amor, amoris, m

Love

ancilla, ancillae, f

Slave girl

animadverto, animadvertere, animadverti, animadversus

Notice, observe

animus, animi, m

Spirit, soul, mind, courage

annus, anni, m

Year

ante + acc

Before, in front of

antea

Before, previously

antequam

Before

aperio, aperire, aperui, apertus

Open, reveal, disclose

appareo, apparere, apparui

Appear

appropinquo, appropinquare, appropinquavi + dat

Approach, come near to

apud + acc

Among, at the house of, according to, in the opinion of

aqua, aquae, f

Water

aquila, aquilae, f

Eagle, standard

ara, arae, f

Altar

arbor, arboris, f

Tree

arcesso, arcessere, arcessivi, arcessitus

Summon, send for

argentum, argenti, n

Silver, money

arma, armorum, n pl

Arms, weapons, armour

ars, artis, f

Art, skill

ascendo, ascendere, ascendi, ascensus

Climb, go up

But

attonitus, attonita, attonitum

Astonished, thunder-struck

audax, audacis

Bold, daring

audeo, audere, ausus sum

Dare

audio, audire, audivi, auditus

Hear, listen to

aufero, auferre, abstuli, ablatus

Take away, carry off, steal

augeo, augere, auxi, auctus

Increase, exaggerate

aut

Or, either

autem

But, however

auxilium, auxilii, n

Help; (pl) (auxiliary) troops

bellum, belli, n

War

bene

Well

beneficium, beneficii, n

Kindness, service, favour

bibo, bibere, bibi

Drink

bis

Twice

bona, bonorum, n pl

Goods, possessions, property

bonus, bona, bonum

Good

brevis, breve

Short, brief

cado, cadere, cecidi, casus

Fall, perish

caedes, caedis, f

Slaughter, killing, murder

caelum, caeli, n

Sky, heaven

campus, campi, m

Plain, field

canis, canis, m/f

Dog

capio, capere, cepi, captus (in compounds -icio)

Take, catch, capture, make (a plan)

captivus, captivi, m

Captive, prisoner

caput, capitis, n

Head, person, life, capital

carus, cara, carum

Dear

castra, castrorum, n pl

Camp

causa, causae, f

Cause, reason, case

causa + gen

For the sake of

cedo, cedere, cessi, cessus

Yield, give up

celer, celeris, celere

Quick

celo, celare, celavi, celatus

Hide, conceal

cena, cenae, f

Dinner, meal

centurio, centurionis, m

Centurion

cerno, cernere, crevi, cretus

See, perceive, decree

certus, certa, certum

Certain, sure, fixed

certiorem facere

Inform

ceteri, ceterae, cetera

The rest, the other

cibus, cibi, m

Food

circum, circa + acc

Around, about

civis, civis, m/f

Citizen

civitas, civitatis, f

Citizenship, state, city, tribe

clades, cladis, f

Disaster, loss, defeat

clam

Secretly

clamo, clamare, clamavi, clamatus

Shout, exclaim, proclaim

clamor, clamoris, m

Shout, uproar, noise

clarus, clara, clarum

Clear, famous, distinguished

coepi, coepisse, coeptus

Began

cogito cogitare, cogitavi, cogitatus

Think, consider

cognosco, cognoscere, cognovi, cognitus

Get to know, find out, learn

cogo, cogere, coegi, coactus

Force, compel, drive, assemble

cohors, cohortis, f

Cohort, company

colo, colere, colui, cultus

Cultivate, worship, honour

comes, comitis, m/f

Comrade, companion

committo, committere, commisi, commissus

Commit, fight, begin (battle)

comparo, comparare, comparavi, comparatus

Prepare, provide, obtain, compare

confero, conferre, contuli, conlatus

Collect, compare, contribute, bestow

conficio, conficere, confeci, confectus

Complete, wear out

coniunx, coniugis, m/f

Husband, wife, spouse

conor, conari, conatus sum

Try

consilium, consilii, n

Council, plan, advice, prudence

consisto, consistere, constiti, constitus

Halt, stand, stand firm

constituo, constituere, constitui, constitutus

Decide, establish

consul, consulis, m

Consul

consulo, consulere, consului, consultus

Consult, consider, advise

contendo, contendere, contendi, contentus

Hurry, march, contend, fight

contra + acc

Against

copiae, copiarum, f pl

Troops, forces, supplies

corpus, corporis, n

Body

cotidie

Every day, daily

cras, indeclinable

Tomorrow

credo credere, credidi, creditus + dat

Believe, trust, entrust

crimen, criminis, n

Accusation, charge, crime

crudelis, crudele

Cruel

cum + subjunctive

When, since, although

cum + abl

With

cunctus, cuncta, cunctum

All, whole

cupio, cupere, cupivi, cupitus

Desire, wish, want

cur?

Why?

cura, curae, f

Care, charge, anxiety

curo, curare, curavi, curatus

to care for, to cure; with gerundive = to get something done

curro, currere, cucurri, cursus

Run

custodio, custodire, custodivi, custoditus

Guard

custos, custodis, m/f

Guard

de + abl

About, from, down from

dea, deae, f

Goddess

debeo, debere, debui, debitus

Owe, ought

decipio, decipere, decepi, deceptus

Deceive

defendo, defendere, defendi, defensus

Defend

defessus, defessa, defessum

Tired

deinde, dein

Then, next, afterwards

deleo, delere, delevi, deletus

Destroy

denique, indeclinable

At last, finally, in short

descendo, descendere, descendi, descensus

Descend, come down

deus, dei, m

God

dexter, dextra, dextrum

Right, on the right, right hand

dextra, dextrae, f

Right hand, right side

dico, dicere, dixi, dictus

Say, speak, tell

dies, diei, m (occasionally f)

Day

difficilis, difficile

Difficult

dignitas, dignitatis, f

Rank, dignity, importance, honour

dignus, digna, dignum + abl

Worthy/deserving of

diligens, diligentis

Careful, diligent

dimitto, dimittere, dimisi, dimissus

Dismiss, scatter

dirus, dira, dirum

Dreadful

discedo, discedere, discessi, discessus

Depart, leave

disco, discere, didici

Learn

dissimilis, dissimile

Different

diu

For a long time

dives, divitis

Rich

divitiae, divitiarum, f pl

Riches, wealth

do, dare, dedi, datus

give

doceo, docere, docui, doctus

Teach, inform

doleo, dolere, dolui

Hurt, be in pain, lament

dolor, doloris, m

Pain, sorrow, anger

domina, dominae, f

Mistress

dominus, domini, m

Master

domus, domus, f

House, home

donum, doni, n

Gift, present

dormio, dormire, dormivi, dormitus

Sleep

dubito, dubitare, dubitavi, dubitatus

Doubt, hesitate

dubius, dubia, dubium

Doubtful, unwavering, certain

duco, ducere, duxi, ductus

Lead, take, marry, consider

dum

While, until, provided that

durus, dura, durum

Hard, harsh, rough

dux, ducis, m

Leader, general, ruler

e, ex + abl

From, out of, out

efficio, efficere, effeci, effectus

Carry out, accomplish

effugio, effugere, effugi

Escape

ego, mei

I, me

egredior, egredi, egressus sum

Go out, come out

emo, emere, emi, emptus

Buy

enim

For

Thither, to there

eo, ire, ii/ivi

epistula, epistulae, f

Letter

eques, equitis, m

Knight, horseman, (pl) cavalry

equus, equi, m

Horse

erga + acc

Towards

erro, errare, erravi, erratus

Wander, make a mistake

And, both

etiam

Also, even, still

etsi

Although

excipio, excipere, excepi, exceptus

Receive, take in, welcome, catch

excito, excitare, excitavi, excitatus

Wake, rouse, excite

exercitus, exercitus, m

Army

exitium, exitii, n

Ruin, destruction

exspecto, exspectare, exspectavi, exspectatus

Wait for, expect

extra + acc

Outside, beyond

facilis, facile

Easy

facinus, facinoris, n

Crime, deed, outrage

facio, facere, feci, factus (in compounds -ficio)

Make, do

fallo, fallere, fefelli, falsus

Deceive, cheat

fama, famae, f

Rumor, fame, glory

familia, familiae, f

Family, household

felix, felicis

Fortunate, happy, prosperous

femina, feminae, f

Woman

fere

Nearly, about

fero, ferre, tuli, latus

Bear, carry, bring, say

ferox, ferocis

Fierce, cruel, brave

ferrum, ferri, n

Iron, sword

festino, festinare, festinavi

Hurry

fidelis, fidele

Trustworthy, faithful, loyal

fides, fidei, f

Trust, faith, confidence, loyalty

fido fidere, fisus sum + dat/abl

Trust, rely upon

filia, filiae, f

Daughter

filius, filii, m

Son

finis, finis, m

End, boundary, (pl) territory

fio, fieri, factus sum

Become, be made, happen

flumen, fluminis, n

River

foedus, foederis, n

Treaty, agreement

fortasse

Perhaps

forte

By chance

fortis, forte

Brave, strong, bold

fortuna, fortunae, f

Fate, luck, fortune

forum, fori, n

Forum, market place

frango, frangere, fregi, fractus

Break, crush

frater, fratris, m

Brother

frigus, frigoris, n

Cold

frumentum, frumenti, n

Corn, grain

frustra

In vain

fuga, fugae, f

Flight, escape

fugio, fugere, fugi

Flee, run away, avoid

furor, furoris, m

Rage, fury, passion, madness

gaudeo, gaudere, gavisus sum

Rejoice

gaudium, gaudii, n

Joy, delight

gens, gentis, f

Race, family, tribe, people, nation

genus, generis, n

Race, descent, birth, kind

gero, gerere, gessi, gestus

Bear, wear, wage war, manage

gladius, gladii, m

Sword

gratia, gratiae, f

Favour, thanks, esteem

gravis, grave

Heavy, serious, painful, important

haud

Not

heri, indeclinable

Yesterday

hic

Here

hiems, hiemis, f

Winter, storm

hinc

From here, hence, henceforth

homo, hominis, m

Man, person

honor, honoris, m

Honour, esteem, glory

hora, horae, f

Hour

hortor, hortari, hortatus sum

Urge, encourage

hospes, hospitis, m

Guest, host

huc

Here, to this place

humus, humi, f

Ground, Earth

iaceo, iacere, iacui

Lie down

iacio, iacere, ieci, iactus

Throw

iam

Now, already

non iam

No longer

idem, eadem, idem

The same

Ibi

There, then

idoneus, idonea, idoneum

Suitable, convenient

igitur

Therefore, and so

ignis, ignis, m

Fire

ignoro, ignorare, ignoravi, ignoratus

not know, be ignorant, misunderstand

illic

There

impedio, impedire, impedivi, impeditus

Delay, hinder, prevent, hamper

imperium, imperii, n

Command, power, empire

impero, imperare, imperavi, imperatus + dat

Order, command

impetus, impetus, m

Attack, impulse

incendium, incendii, n

Fire

incendo, incendere, incendi, incensus

Burn, set on fire, inflame, rouse

incipio, incipere, incepi, inceptus

Begin

inde

From there, thereupon, next

infero, inferre, intuli, illatus/inlatus

Inflict, bring to, cause, carry against

signa inferre

Charge, attack

bellum inferre + dat

Make war on

ingenium, ingenii, n

Character, ability

ingens, ingentis

Huge

ingredior, ingredi, ingressus sum

Enter, undertake

inimicus, inimici, m

Personal enemy

iniquus, iniqua, iniquum

Unfair, unjust, unfavourable

initium, initii, n

Beginning

iniuria, iniuriae, f

Injury, injustice, wrong

inopia, inopiae, f

Shortage, lack, poverty

inspicio, inspicere, inspexi, inspectus

Look at, inspect, examine

insula, insulae, f

Island, block of flats

intellego, intellegere, intellexi, intellectus

Understand, perceive, realise

intra + acc

Inside, within

intro, intrare, intravi, intratus

Enter

invenio, invenire, inveni, inventus

Find, discover

invito, invitare, invitavi, invitatus

Invite

invitus, invita, invitum

Unwilling, reluctant

ira, irae, f

Anger

iter, itineris, n

Journey, march , way

iterum

Again

iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussus

Order, command

iudex, iudicis, m/f

Judge, juror

iustus, iusta, iustum

Just, right, lawful, complete

labor, labi, lapsus sum

Glide, slip, fall

labor, laboris, m

Work, toil, trouble

laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratus

Work, toil

laetus, laeta, laetum

Happy, glad

latus, lata, latum

Wide, broad

latus, lateris, n

Side, wing

laus, laudis, f

Praise, honour, credit

legatus, legati, m

Commander, ambassador, envoy

lego, legere, legi, lectus

Read, choose

levis, leve

Light, slight

libens, libentis

Willing, glad

libero, liberare, liberavi, liberatus

Set free

libertas, libertatis, f

Freedom

libertus, liberti, m

Freedman

licet, licere, licuit + dat

It is allowed

littera, litterae, f (usually pl. with sg. meaning)

Letter

locus, loci, m

Place, position, situation, opportunity

loquor, loqui, locutus sum

Speak, talk

magister, magistri, m

Teacher, master

magnopere

Very much, greatly

magis

More, rather

malo, malle, malui

Prefer

mando, mandare, mandavi, mandatus

Commit, entrust, command

mane

In the morning, early

maneo, manere, mansi, mansus

Remain, stay

manus, manus, f

Hand, band

mare, maris, n

sea

medius, media, medium

Middle (of)

mens, mentis, f

Mind

mensis, mensis, m

Month

metus, metus, m

Fear

mirabilis, mirabile

Strange, wonderful

miror, mirari, miratus sum

Wonder at, admire

modo

Just now, only

modus, modi, m

Manner, way, kind

moenia, moenium, n pl

City walls, city

moneo, monere, monui, monitus

Warn, advise, teach

mons, montis, m

Mountain

morbus, morbi, m

Sickness, disease

mos, moris, m

Custom, habit, morals, (pl) character

mulier, mulieris, f

Woman

multitudo, multitudinis, f

Crowd, multitude

munio, munire, munivi, munitus

Fortify, defend, guard

munus, muneris, n

Service, duty, present

murus, muri, m

Wall, rampart

muto, mutare, mutavi, mutatus

Change, alter

nascor, nasci, natus sum

am born

natura, naturae, f

Nature

nauta, nautae, m

Sailor

navigo, navigare, navigavi, navigatus

Sail

navis longa

Warship

navis oneraria

Merchant ship

Lest, that not

necesse

Necessary

neglego, neglegere, neglexi, neglectus

Neglect, disregard

nego, negare, negavi, negatus

Say no, deny, refuse, say that…not

negotium, negotii, n

Business

nemo, nullius

No one, nobody

nisi

Unless, if not, except

nobilis, nobile

Noble, famous

nomen, nominis, n

Name

nondum

Not yet

nonne?

Surely?

nonnulli, nonnullae, nonnulla

Some, several

notus, nota, notum

Known, well-known, famous

novi, notus (perfect with present meaning)

Know

num

Surely…not, whether

numerus, numeri, m

Number

nuntio, nuntiare, nuntiavi, nuntiatus

Announce, report

nuntius, nuntii, m

Messenger, message, news

ob + acc

Because of, on account of

obliviscor, oblivisci, oblitus sum

Forget

obses, obsidis, m/f

Hostage

obsideo, obsidere, obsedi, obsessus

Besiege, blockade

obviam eo, ire, ii/ivi + dat

Meet, go to meet, oppose, resist

occasio, occasionis, f

Opportunity, occasion

occupo, occupare, occupavi, occupatus

Seize, take possession of, occupy

odi, odisse (perfect with present meaning)

Hate

odium, odii, n

Hatred

odio est + dat

Be hated by

officium, officii, n

Duty, task, function

olim

Once, formerly, one day

omitto, omittere, omisi, omissus

Neglect, disregard, make no mention of, let go

omnino

Altogether, at all, entirely

onus, oneris, n

Burden, load

opera, operae, f

Work, effort, attention, trouble

operam do

Take pains, give attention (to)

oportet, oportere, oportuit

Be necessary, ought, must

oppidum, oppidi, n

Town

opprimo, opprimere, oppressi, oppressus

Overwhelm, crush, weigh down

oppugno, oppugnare, oppugnavi, oppugnatus

Attack

(ops) opis, f

help; (pl) resources, riches

opus, operis, n

Work, toil, construction

opus est, esse, fuit + abl (impersonal)

There is need of

oratio, orationis, f

Speech

ordo, ordinis, m

Rank, order, line

orno, ornare, ornavi, ornatus

Adorn, decorate, provide, equip

oro, orare, oravi, oratus

Beg

os, oris, n

Mouth, face

ostendo, ostendere, ostendi, ostentus

Show, point out, indicate

otium, otii, n

Leisure, idleness, peace

paene

Almost, nearly

palam

Openly

par, paris

Equal

parco, parcere, peperci + dat

Spare

parens, parentis, m/f

Parent; (pl) relations

pareo, parere, parui + dat

Obey

pario, parere, peperi, partus

Bear, win, acquire, gain, secure

paro, parare, paravi, paratus

Prepare, provide

pars, partis, f

Part, some, directif

parvus, parva, parvum

Small

passim

In all directions, far and wide, everywhere

passus, passus, m

Pace

mille passus (pl milia passuum)

Mile

patior, pati, passus sum

Suffer, endure, allow

patria, patriae, f

Native land, homeland

pauci, paucae, pauca

Few, a few

paulatim

Gradually, little by little

paulisper

For a short time

paulum, paulo

A little, somewhat

pauper, pauperis

Poor

pedes, peditis, m

Infantry

pello, pellere, pepuli, pulsus

Push, drive, rout

perdo, perdere, perdidi, perditus

Destroy, lose

pereo, perire, perii

Die, perish, be ruined

perficio, perficere, perfeci, perfectus

Bring about, complete, perfect

peritus, perita, peritum + gen/abl

Skilled (in)

persuadeo, persuadere, persuasi + dat

Persuade, convince

perterritus, perterrita, perterritum

Very frightened, terrified

pervenio, pervenire, perveni

Reach, arrive

pes, pedis, m

Foot

peto, petere, petivi, petitus

Seek, ask for, make for, attack

placet, placere, placuit + dat

It pleases, it suits, it is resolved

plebs, plebis, f

The people, common people

plenus, plena, plenum

Full, filled

plerique, pleraeque, pleraque

Most, the majority

poena, poenae, f

Punishment, penalty

poenas do

Pay the penalty, be punished

polliceor, polliceri, pollicitus sum

Promise

pono, ponere, posui, positus

Put, place, set up

populus, populi, m

People, nation

porta, portae, f

Gate

porto, portare, portavi, portatus

Carry, bear, take

portus, portus, m

Harbour, port

posco, poscere, poposci

Demand, ask for

postremus, postrema, postremum

Last

postridie

On the next day

postulo, postulare, postulavi, postulatus

Demand, ask

potestas, potestatis, f

Power, authority, opportunity

potior, potiri, potitus sum + gen/abl

Seize, get possession of

potius

Rather, more

praebeo, praebere, praebui, praebitus

Provide, give, show, offer

praeda, praedae, f

Booty, plunder

praemium, praemii, n

Prize, reward

praeficio, praeficere, praefeci, praefectus

Put in charge (of)

praesidium, praesidii, n

Protection, garrison, fortification

praeter + acc

Beyond, except, besides

praeterea

Besides, moreover, in addition

precor, precari, precatus sum

Pray, pray to, beg

pretium, pretii, n

Price, value

primus, prima, primum

First, chief

prior, prioris

Previous, former

prius

Before, previously

priusquam

Before, until

pro + abl

In front of, for, on behalf of, in return for

procedo, procedere, processi

Advance, proceed

procul

Far away, distant

prodo, prodere, prodidi, proditus

Betray, surrender

proelium, proelii, n

Battle

proficiscor, proficisci, profectus sum

Set out, depart

progredior, progredi, progressus sum

Advance, proceed

promitto, promittere, promisi, promissus

Promise

propter + acc

On account of, because of

provincia, provinciae, f

Province

proximus, proxima, proximum

Nearest, next, last

publicus, publica, publicum

Public, common

pudor, pudoris, m

Shame, modesty, honour, disgrace

punio, punire, punivi, punitus

Punish

puto, putare, putavi, putatus

Think, consider, reckon

quaero, quaerere, quaesivi, quaesitus

Search for, ask for, ask, inquire

qualis? quale?

What sort of

quam

How, than, as

quam + superlative

As … as possible

quando?

When

quantus, quanta, quantum?

How big? How much?

quasi

As if, just as, nearly

quia

Because

quidam, quaedam, quoddam

One, a certain, some

quidem

Indeed, in fact, however

ne ... quidem

Not … even

quies, quietis, f

Rest, peace, quiet

quis? quid?

Who? What? Any

quisquam, quicquam

Anyone, anything

quisque, quaeque, quidque

Each, each one, every

quisquis, quicquid

Whoever, whatever

quo?

Where to?

quoad

As long as, until

quod

Because

quod si

But if

quomodo?

How? In what way?

quoniam

Since

quot?

How many?

quotiens?

How often? as often as

rapio, rapere, rapui, raptus

Seize, grab, carry off, plunder

ratio, rationis, f

Account, reckoning, manner, reason

recens, recentis

Recent, fresh

recipio, recipere, recepi, receptus

Regain, receive, welcome

me recipio

Retreat, withdraw

recito, recitare, recitavi, recitatus

Recite, read aloud

rectus, recta, rectum

Straight, direct, right, proper

reddo, reddere, reddidi, redditus

Give back, restore, hand over, make

redeo, redire, redii

Return, go back, come back

refero, referre, rettuli, relatus

Bring back, report, refer

pedem/me refero

Retreat

reficio, reficere, refeci, refectus

Repair, restore, refresh

rego, regere, rexi, rectus

Rule, direct

regredior, regredi, regressus sum

Go back, return

relinquo, relinquere, reliqui, relictus

Leave, leave behind, abandon

reliquus, reliqua, reliquum

The rest of, the other

res publica, rei publicae, f

State, republic

respondeo, respondere, respondi, responsus

Answer, reply

retineo, retinere, retinui, retentus

Hold back, restrain, keep

ripa, ripae, f

Bank

rogo, rogare, rogavi, rogatus

Ask, ask for

rus, ruris, n

Country, countryside

sacerdos, sacerdotis, m/f

Priest, priestess

saevus, saeva, saevum

Savage, cruel

salus, salutis, f

Health, safety, greeting

saluto, salutare, salutavi, salutatus

Greet, salute

sanguis, sanguinis, m

Blood

sapiens, sapientis

Wise, sensible

sapientia, sapientiae, f

wisdom, good sense

satis

Enough

scelus, sceleris, n

Crime, wickedness

scribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptus

Write

scutum, scuti, n

Shield

secundus, secunda, secundum

Following, second, next, favourable

sedes, sedis, f

Seat, temple, home

semel

Once

senatus, senatus, m

Senate

sententia, sententiae, f

Opinion, judgement, sentence

sentio, sentire, sensi, sensus

Feel, hear, notice, judge

sequor, sequi, secutus sum

Follow, pursue, attend

servo, servare, servavi, servatus

Save, protect, keep

sic

Thus, in this way

sicut

Just as, like, as, as if

signum, signi, n

Sign, signal, standard

silentium, silentii, n

Silence

silva, silvae, f

Wood, forest

similis, simile

Similar, like

simul

At the same time, together

simulac, simulatque

As soon as

sinister, sinistra, sinistrum

Left, on the left, unfavourable

sinistra, sinistrae, f

Left hand, left side

sino, sinere, sivi, situs

Allow, permit

sive, seu

Or if, whether

socius, socii, m

Ally, comrade, companion

soleo, solere, solitus sum

Be accustomed

solum

Only

solus, sola, solum

Alone, only, lonely, single

solvo, solvere, solvi, solutus

Loose, pay

navem solvo

Set sail

soror, sororis, f

Sister

specto, spectare, spectavi, spectatus

Look at, watch

spero, sperare, speravi, speratus

Hope, expect

spes, spei, f

Hope

spolium, spolii, n

Booty, spoil(s)

statim

At once, immediately

statuo, statuere, statui, statutus

Fix, determine, decide, arrange

sto, stare, steti, status

Stand, stand firm

studium, studii, n

Eagerness, study, devotion

sub + abl/acc

Under, beneath; up to

subito

Suddenly

summus, summa, summum

Highest, greatest, top

sumo, sumere, sumpsi, sumptus

Take, take up

supero, superare, superavi, superatus

Overcome, overpower

superus, supera, superum

Upper, higher

surgo, surgere, surrexi, surrectus

Get up, stand up, rise

suscipio, suscipere, suscepi, susceptus

Take up, undertake, begin, bear

tacitus, tacita, tacitum

Quiet, silent, in silence

talis, tale

Such

tam

tamen

However, nevertheless, yet

tandem

At last, finally

tantum

Only

tantus, tanta, tantum

So great, such a great, so much

telum, teli, n

Weapon, javelin, missile

tempestas, tempestatis, f

Weather, storm, time

tempus, temporis, n

Time

teneo, tenere, tenui, tentus

Hold, keep, maintain

terra, terrae, f

Ground, land, earth

terreo, terrere, terrui, territus

Frighten

timeo, timere, timui

Fear, be afraid

timor, timoris, m

Fear, anxiety

tollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatus

Raise, lift up, remove, destroy

tot

So many

totus, tota, totum

Whole, entire, all

trado, tradere, tradidi, traditus

Hand over, entrust, hand down, surrender

traho, trahere, traxi, tractus

Pull, drag, draw

trans + acc

Across, over

tristis, triste

Sad, gloomy, grim

tumultus, tumultus, m

Uproar, disturbance, civil war

tutus, tuta, tutum

Safe

ubique

Everywhere

ullus, ulla, ullum

Any

ultimus, ultima, ultimum

Furthest, last, utmost

umquam

Ever

una

Together

unde

From where, whence

undique

From all sides, on all sides

usque

All the way, right up to, continuously

usus, usus, m

Use, experience, practice

usui est

It is useful

ut + indicative

As, where, when, how

uter, utra, utrum?

Which (of two)?

uterque, utraque, utrumque

Each (of two), both

utrum

Whether

utor, uti, usus sum + abl

Use, enjoy

valeo, valere, valui

Be strong, have influence

validus, valida, validum

Strong, powerful

vehementer

Violently, loudly, strong

vel

Or, either

velut

Just as, like, as, as if

ventus, venti, m

Wind

vereor, vereri, veritus sum

Fear, be afraid

vero

Indeed, in fact, however

verto, vertere, verti, versus

Turn

terga verto

Retreat

verus, vera, verum

True, real

vester, vestra, vestrum

Your (pl)

vetus, veteris

Old

victor, victoris, m

Victor, conqueror

victoria, victoriae, f

Victory

videor, videri, visus sum

Seem, appear, be seen

vinco, vincere, vici, victus

Conquer, defeat, win, be victorious

virtus, virtutis, f

Courage, virtue

vis pl vires, f

force, violence; (pl) strength, forces

vito, vitare, vitavi, vitatus

Avoid

vivo, vivere, vixi

Live, be alive, (+abl) to live on

vivus, viva, vivum

Alive, living

vix

Hardly, scarcely, with difficulty

voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatus

Call, summon, invite, name

vox, vocis, f

Voice, shout, word

vulnero, vulnerare, vulneravi, vulneratus

Wound, injure

vulnus, vulneris, n

Wound, injury

vultus, vultus, m

Face, expression, appearance, character

abicio, abicere, abieci, abiectus

Throw down/away

abrumpo, abrumpere, abrupi, abruptus

Break off/sever

absumo, absumere, absumpsi, absumptus

Reduce, consume

accumbo, accumbere, accubui

Lie down

acer, aceris, n

Maple tree

acervus, acervi, m

Heap, pile

acus, acus, m

Hairpin, needle

adaperio, adaperire, adaperui, adapertus

Open fully

adedo, adedere, adedi, adesus

Consume

adfecto, adfectare, adfectavi, adfectatus

Strive after, grasp at

adiungo, adiungere, adiunxi, adiunctus

Join, connect

admitto, admittere, admisi, admissus

Send to, admit, allow

admoveo, admovere, admovi, admotus

Move/bring to

adsuetus, adsueta, adsuetum

Usual, customary

adulter, adultera, adulterum

Unchaste

aestus, aestus, m

Heat; wave, tide

agilis, agile

Light, agile

ales, alitis, m/f

Bird

amator, amatoris, m

Lover

ambiguus, ambigua, ambiguum

Uncertain, doubtful

ambitiosus, ambitiosa, ambitiosum

Twisting; ambitious, eager

anilis, anile

Old woman

animosus, animosa, animosum

Courageous, bold

annuus, annua, annuum

Of the year, yearly

anus, anus, f

Old woman

apertus, aperta, apertum

Uncovered, open, public

apis, apis, f

Bee

appono, apponere, apposui, appositus

Place near, appoint

aranea, araneae, f

Spider

aratrum, aratri, f

Plough

arca, arcae, f

Chest, box

arcanus, arcana, arcanum

Secret, mysterious, hidden

aries, arietis, m

Ram

armilla, armillae, f

Bracelet

artus, artus, m

Limb, leg

abripio, abripere, abripui, abreptus

Take away violently

abrogo, abrogare, abrogavi, abrogatus

Annul in all its parts

absolvo, absolvere, absolvi, absolutus

Absolve (someone of), complete

accelero, accelerare, acceleravi, acceleratus

Hasten

adhortator, adhortatoris, m

Exhorter, encourager

adhortor, adhortari, adhortatus sum

Urge on

admiratio, admirationis, f

Admiration

adoleo, adolere, adolui, adultus

Cause to increase

adsurgo, adsurgere, adsurrexi, adsurrectus

Adulterer

adulterium, adulterii, n

Adultery

adventus, adventus, m

Arrival

advocatio, advocationis, f

Consoling, comforting

advocatus, advocati, m

A friend who supports a party in a trial

alieno, alienare, alienavi, alienatus

Make other, alienate

aliquamdiu

For some time

aliquot, indeclinable

Some, several

anteeo -ire -ivi (-ii) -ire

Go before, surpass

antesignanus, antesignani, m

Leader, commander

antiquus, antiqua, antiquum

Ancient, old

appello, appellere, appuli, appulsus

drive to, bring to

apto, aptare, aptavi, aptatus

Adapt, prepare; fit together, join

ardor, ardoris, m

Burning, heat, eagerness

argumentum, argumenti, n

Evidence, proof, argument

armatura, armaturae, f

Armour, equipment

arrepo, arrepere, arrepsi, arreptus

Creep towards

arvum, arvi, n

Field

asper, aspera, asperum

Rough

asto, astare, astiti

Stand near

atavus, atavi, m

Grandfather

ater, atra, atrum

Black

attenuo, attenuare, attenuavi, attenuatus

Make thin, weaken

aurifer, aurifera, auriferum

Gold-bearing, gold-producing

auro, aurare, auravi, auratus

Gild

aurora, aurorae, f

Dawn, aurora

auspicium, auspicii, n

Divination, authority

aveho, avehere, avectus

Carry off, bear away

axis, axis, m

Axel, sky

bidens, bidentis, m

Mattock, hoe

blandior, blandiri, blanditus sum

Flatter, charm

blanditia, blanditiae / blandities, blanditiei, f

Flattery, endearment

blandus, blanda, blandum

Flattering, pleasant

bos, bovis, m/f

Ox, cow

bubo, bubonis, m

Owl

canesco, canescere

Become white/old

cardo, cardinis, m

Hinge

carina, carinae, f

Keel; ship

cariosus, cariosa, cariosum

Decayed, rotten

carnifex, carnificis, m

Executioner

castigatus, castigata, castigatum

Checked, restrained

caterva, catervae, f

Band, crowd

causor, causari, causatus sum

Plead, pretend, blame

cautus, cauta, cautum

Cautious, careful, prudent

cedrus, cedri, f

Cedar

census, census, m

Census, wealth

cesso, cessare, cessavi, cessatus

Cease

cicuta, cicutae, f

Hemlock

claustrum, claustri, n

Bolt, bar

clipeus/clipeum, clipei, m/n

Round shield

clivosus, clivosa, clivosum

Steep, hilly

cognitor, cognitori, m

Attorney

cohaereo, cohaerere, cohaesi, cohaesus

Cling/adhere to

coloratus, colorata, coloratum

Coloured

columba, columbae, f

Pigeon, dove

artus, arta, artum

Straitened, narrow

arx, arcis, f

Summit, citadel

assero, asserere, assevi, assitus

Plant near

assertor, assertoris, m

Defender, protector, champion

avolo, avolare, avolavi, avolatus

Fly away

bellator, bellatoris, m

Warrior

biduum, bidui, n

Two day period

caedo, caedere, cecidi, caesus

Kill, strike, cut

calcar, calcaris, n

Spur

caligo, caliginis, f

Mist

capesso, capessere, capessivi, capessitus

Seize

castigator, castigatoris, m

Corrector, reprover

castitas, castitatis, f

Purity of morals, morality

castus, casta, castum

Pure

centurio, centuriare

Divide into centuries, organise

ceterum

Otherwise, but, however

circumduco, circumducere, circumduxi, circumductus

Lead around, mislead

circumeo, circumire, circumii/circumivi, circumitus

Go around

circumvenio, circumvenire, circumveni, circumventus

Surround

citatus, citata, citatum

Swiftly driven, running

cloaca, cloacae, f

Sewer, drain

coacervo, coacervare, coacervavi, coacervatus

Pile up

cohibeo, cohibere, cohibui, cohibitus

Hold together

collis, collis, m

Hill

comissatio, comissationis, f

Revelry, rioting

comiter

in a friendly manner

comitium, comitii, n

Assembly

comito, comitare, comitavi, comitatus

Accompany, follow

commeatus, commeatus, m

Commerce, provisions, leave of absence

commeatus, commeatus, m

Commerce, provisions, leave of absence

commentarius, commentarii, m

Notebook, commentary

commentarius, commentarii, m

Notebook, commentary

commentarius, commentarii, m

Notebook, commentary

communis, communis, commune

Common, general

competo, competere, competii/competivi, competitus

Coincide with

comploratio, complorationis, f

Lamentation, complaint

comprimo, comprimere, compressi, compressus

Compress

concilio, conciliare, conciliavi, conciliatus

Advise, reconcile

conclamo, conclamare, conclamavi, conclamatus

Shout

concubitus, concubitus, m

Lying together, concubinage

concursus, concursus, m

Concourse, crowd

confercio, confercire, confersi, confertus

Cram together

conglobo, conglobare, conglobavi, conglobatus

Crowd together

consequor, consequi, consecutus sum

Overtake, attain

considero, considerare, consideravi, consideratus

Consider

consolor, consolari, consolatus sum

Comfort, console

conspectus, conspectus, m

Look, sight, view

constantia, constantiae, f

Firmness, perseverance

consulatus, consulatus, m

Consulship

consulto, consultare, consultavi, consultatus

Reflect, deliberate

contionabundus, a, um

Speaking in public

convello, convellere, convelli, convulsus

Pull violently, pluck

convicium, convicii, n

Clamour, abuse, mockery

convivium, convivii, n

Banquet, feast

coram (adv. or prep. + abl.)

Personally; openly, publicly

corruo, corruere, corrui, corrutus

Fall completely, fall down

culter, cultri, m

Plowshare; knife

cumulus, cumuli, m

Heap, flood

cunctor, cunctari, cunctatus sum

Delay

custodia, custodiae, f

Custody, protection, prisoner

custos, custodis, m

Guardian

committo, committere, commisi, commissus

Join, entrust

commodum, commodi, n

Benefit

como, comere, compsi, comptus

Arrange, adorn

conductor, conductoris, m

Contractor

confero, conferre, contuli, collatus

Collect, transfer, move

congero, congerere, congessi, congestus

Gather together

conscius, conscia, conscium

Conscious

conserva, conservae, f; conservus, conservi, m

Fellow slave

consonus, consona, consonum

Harmonious

consuetus, consueta, consuetum

Accustomed, usual

consultus/ iuris consultus/ iurisconsultus, -i, m

Legal expert, jurist

contineo, continere, continui, contentus

Contain, restrain

continuo, continuare, continuavi, continuatus

Connect, unite

contrarius, contraria, contrarium

Opposite

contundo, contundere, contudi, contusus

Beat, crush, bruise, destroy

convinco, convincere, convici, convictus

Prove wrong, find guilty

conviva, convivae, m

Guest at meal

corneus, cornea, corneum

Made of horn

cortex, corticis, m

Bark, shell, cork

cothurnus/conturnus, conthurni, m

Buskin

credibilis, credibile

Believable, credible

crepusculum, crepusculi, m

Evening, twilight

crinis, crinis, m

Hair

crux, crucis, f

Cross

cubo, cubare, cubui, cubitus

Lie down, recline

cuspis, cuspidis, f

Sharp point, spear

decens, decentis

Attractive, seemly

dedecet, dedecere, dedecuit

It disgraces

dedico, dedicare, dedicavi, dedicatus

Declare, dedicate

dedignor, dedignari, dedignatus sum

Refuse scornfully

defungor, defungi, defunctus sum

Finish, complete

depereo, deperire, deperii/deperivi, deperitus

Destroy completely

deprehendo, deprehendere, deprehendi, deprehensus

Catch, seize, understand

deripio, deripere, deripui, dereptus

Snatch away, tear down

deripio, deripere, deripui, dereptus

Snatch away, tear down

deservio, deservire, deservivi, deservitus

Serve, be devoted to

desidia, desidiae, f

Idleness, inactivity

desidiosus, desidiosa, desidiosum

Idle, lazy

desisto, desistere, destiti, destitus

Cease, desist

desultor, desultoris, m

Acrobat

detracto, detractare, detractavi, detractatus

Decline, refuse

detraho, detrahere, detraxi, detractus

Take away from

devoveo, devovere, devovi, devotus

Dedicate

diduco, diducere, diduxi, diductus

Draw apart, separate

digero, digere, digessi, digestus

Separate, arrange

dirigo (derigo) dirigere, direxi, directus

Lay straight

discinctus, discincta, discinctum

Easygoing, undisciplined

disertus, diserta, disertum

Eloquent, expressive

dispendium, dispendii, n

Expenditure, loss

dispono, disponere, disposui, dispositus

Place, arrange, distribute

dividuus, dividua, dividuum

Divided

docilis, docile

Teachable, responsive

dos, dotis, f

Gift, endowment, dowry

dummodo

Provided that

duplico, duplicare, duplicavi, duplicatus

Fold over, double

edax, edacis

Voracious, greedy

edisco, ediscere, edidici

Learn thoroughly, study

eloquium, eloquii, n

Eloquence

emodulor, emodulari, emodulatus sum

Mesure out, put into metre

ephemeris, ephemeridis, f

Day-book, account-book

equa, equae, f

Mare

error, erroris, m

Wandering, error

erubesco, erubescere, erubui

Grow red, blush

erudio, erudire, erudii, eruditus

Teach, train, instruct

evoco, evocare, evocavi, evocatus

Call out, summon

exanimus -a -um or exanimis -e

Breathless, lifeless

excludo, excludere, exclusi, exclusus

Shut out, exclude; leave uncovered

excubiae, excubiarum, f pl

The keeping of a watch, a watch

excubiae, excubiarum, f pl

The keeping of a watch, a watch

eximo, eximere, exemi, exemptus

Take away, remove

experiens, experientis

Active, enterprising

exsulto (exulto), exsulatre, exsultavi, exsultatus

Be ecstatic, exult

externus, externa, externum

Outside, foreign, strange

extero, exterere, exterivi, exteritus

Rub out, wear away

exterritus, exterrita, exterritum

Badly frightened

fabrilis, fabrile

Skilfully made

fallax, fallacis

Deceitful, treacherous, false

debitum, debiti, n

Debt

decedo, decedere, decessi, decessus

Move away; withdraw

decemviri -orum or -um, m

Decemviri/decemvirs (commission of ten men)

declaro, declarare, declaravi, declaratus

Make clear, reveal

decretum, decreti, n

Decision, decree

dedecus, dedecoris, n

Shame, disgrace

deficio, deficere, defeci, defectus

Fail, revolt from

defigo, defigere, defixi, defixus

Fix

dehinc

Then, next

deinceps

In order

delenio, delenire, delenii, delenitus

Soothe, soften

delictum, delicti, n

Wrong

demergo, demergere, demersi, demersus

Dip, plunge

denuntio, denuntiare, denuntiavi, denuntiatus

Denounce

deploro, deplorare, deploravi, deploratus

Lament

depopulor, depopulari/depopulo, depopulare

Ravage

despondeo, despondere, despondi, desponsus

Promise, betroth, pledge

digredior, digredi, digressus sum

Walk/go apart

dimicatio, dimicationis, f

Fight, struggle

dimoveo, dimovere, dimovi, dimotus

Move apart/away; remove

dispello, dispellere, dispuli, dispulsus

Drive away, separate

dissentio, dissentire, dissensi, dissensus

Disagree

dissonus, dissona, dissonum

Discordant

distraho, distrahere, distraxi, distractus

Pull apart, tear to pieces

dito, ditare, ditavi, ditatus

Enrich

diverto, divertere, diverti, diversus

Turn one’s self

ducenti -ae -a; ducentesimus -a -um

200; 200th

duplex, duplicis

Double

effodio, effodere, effodi, effossus

Dig out

effundo, effundere, effudi, effusus

Pour out

emitto, emittere, emisi, emissus

Send out

equitatus, equitatus, m

Cavalry

escendo, escendere, escendi, escensus

Climb up, mount

exsto, exstare, exstavi, exstatus (also exto etc)

Stand forth/out; rise above

exanimo, exanimare, exanimavi, exanimatus

Deprive of life

excello, excellere, excellui, excelsus

Excel

excio/excieo, excire, excivi/excii, excitus

Summon, rouse up/forth; call forth

exigo, exigere, exegi, exactus

Drive out, collect, achieve, complete

exigo, exigere, exegi, exactus

Drive out, collect, achieve, complete

exorior, exoriri, exortus sum

Rise up, proceed

expedio, expedire, expedivi, expeditus

Set free; (impersonal) be useful

expello, expellere, expuli, expulsus

Propel, drive out, expel

explorator, exploratoris, m

Scout

expugno, expugnare, expugnavi, expugnatus

Assault, capture, storm, take by force

exsanguis, exsangue

Without blood

exsecror, exsecrari, exsecratus sum

Curse bitterly, execrate

exspectatio, exspectationis, f

Expectation

exsul, exsulis, m/f

Exile, banished person

exsulo, exsulare, exsulavi, exsulatus

Be in exile

extra + acc

Outside, beyond

extraho, extrahere, extraxi, extractus

Drag out, draw out

faber, fabri, m

Craftsman

facinus, facinoris, n

Deed, crime

fames, famis, f

Hunger, famine

faux, faucis, f

Mouth

ferme

Almost, nearly

ferocia, ferociae, f

Wildness, fierceness

ferociter

Ferociously, fiercely

fertilis, fertile

Productive, fertile

firmus, firma, firmum

Firm, strong

fletus, fletus, m

Weeping

foeditas, foeditatis, f

Foulness

foedus, foeda, foedum

Foul

fors, fortis, f

Chance, luck

furiae, furiarum, f

Rage

globus, globi, m

Sphere, globe

grassor, grassari, grassatus sum

Loiter, attack, riot

gratia, gratiae, f

Favour, influence, gratitude

gratulor, gratulari, gratulatus sum

Congratulate, rejoice

gratus, grata, gratum

Pleasant, grateful

gurges, gurgitis, m

Whirlpool

hastatus, hastata, hastatum

Armed with a spear

falx, falcis, f

Scythe, sickle

fatus/fatum, fati, m/n

Destiny, fate

femineus, feminea, femineum

Feminine

femur, femoris, n

Thigh

ferreus, ferrea, ferreum

Made of iron

fervidus, fervida, fervidum

Intensely hot, blazing

fidus, fida, fidum

Faithful, trustworthy

filum, fili, n

Thread, string

findo, findere, fidi, fissus

Split apart

finio, finire, finivi, finitus

Finish, limit

flagito, flagitare, flagitavi, flagitatus

Demand

flamen, flaminis, n

Gust, blast (of wind)

flavens, flaventis, flavus, flava, flavum

Golden, yellow

flexus, flexus, m

Curl, wave

flumineus, fluminea, flumineum

Of a river

foras

Out of doors

foris, foris, f

Door

formido, formidinis, f

Fear

foveo, fovere, fovi, fotus

Warm, favour

frux, frugis, f

Fruit

fulcio, fulcire, fulsi, fultus

Strengthen, fortify, reinforce

fulgeo, fulgere, fulsi, fulsus

Shine

fulmen, fulminis, n

Lightning

fulmino, fulminare, fulminavi, fulminatus

Flash/strike like lightning

funebris, funebre

Funereal

furtim

Stealthily

furtivus, furtiva, furtivum

Secret, furtive

futurum, futuri, n

Future

galea, galeae, f

Helmet

garrulus, garrula, garrulum

Talkative, chatty, babbling

garrulus, garrula, garrulum

Talkative, chatty, babbling

gena, genae, f

Cheek

genitor, genitoris, m

Father

genu, genus, n

Knee

glomero, glomerare, glomeravi, glomeratus

Form into a ball

gramen, graminis

Grass, plant, herb

graphium, graphii, n

Stylus

haudquaquam

By no means whatsoever, not at all

hospitalis, hospitale

Hospitable

honestus, honesta, honestum

Honourable, decent

hostilis, hostile

Hostile

iactura, iacturae, f

loss (of stature/prestige); sacrifice

ideo

For this reason

ignosco, ignoscere, ignovi, ignotus

Pardon, forgive

imbecillis, imbecille, imbecillus, imbecilla, imbecillum

Weak, feeble

immergo, immergere, immersi, immersus

Plunge into

immo

No indeed

impavidus, impavida, impavidum

Not afraid

imploratio, implorationis, f

An imploring

imploro, implorare, imploravi, imploratus

Implore

improbus, improba, improbum

Bad

impudicus, impudica, impudicum

Shameless

impune

With impunity

incalesco, incalescere, incalui

Grow warm

incedo, incedere, incessi, incessus

go, happen, proceed, walk

incido, incidere, incidi

Fall in/on

inclemens, inclementis

Harsh, fair

inclino, inclinare, inclinavi, inclinatus

Influence, bend, tilt

incolumis, incolumis, incolume

Uninjured

inconsultus, inconsulta, inconsultum

Without advice

indicium, indicii, n

Information, evidence

indico, indicere, indixi, indictus

Proclaim, announce

indignor, indignari, indignatus sum

Deem unworthy; fret

indignor, indignari, indignatus sum

Deem unworthy; fret

indignus, indigna, indignum

Unworthy (of)

industria, industriae, f

Diligence

iners, inertis

Unskilled, lazy

inexploratus, inexplorata, inexploratum

Unexplored

infandus, infanda, infandum

Not to be uttered

infestus, infesta, infestum

Hostile, aggressive

iniquus, iniqua, iniquum

Uneven

iniurosus, iniurosa, iniurosum

Wrongful, unfair, harmful

gremium, gremii, n

Lap, bosom

grex, gregis, m

Herd, flock

guttur, gutturis, n

Windpipe, throat

habilis, habile

Suited

harundo, harundinis, f

Reed, stick

herba, herbae, f

Grass, herb

heu

Alas! Oh!

ianitor, ianitoris, m

Doorkeeper

icio, icere, ici, ictus

Strike

imbellis, imbelle

Unwarlike, peaceful

immitis, immite

Hard, harsh, cruel

immundus, immunda, immundum

Unclean, foul

imprimo, imprimere, impressi, impressus

Apply with pressure, imprint

imprimo, imprimere, impressi, impressus

Apply with pressure, imprint

incertus, incerta, incertum

Uncertain

inclamo, inclamare, inclamavi, inclamatus

Shout abuse at (+ dative)

includo, includere, inclusi, inclusus

Enclose

incurvus, incurva, incurvum

Bent, curved

inemptus, inempta, inemptum

Unbought

ineptus, inepta, ineptum

Silly

inermis, inermis, inerme

Unarmed

infamis, infamis, infame

Infamous

inferus, infera, inferum

Low, vile; inhabitant of the underworld

inferus, infera, inferum

Low, vile; inhabitant of the underworld

inferus, infera, inferum

Low, vile; inhabitant of the underworld

infirmus, infirma, infirmum

Weak, feeble

ingeniosus, ingeniosa, ingeniosum

Talented, naturally clever

ingeniosus, ingeniosa, ingeniosum

Talented, naturally clever

innumerus, innumera, innumerum

Countless

innumerus, innumera, innumerum

Countless

inoffensus, inoffensa, inoffensum

Unhindered

inops, inopis

Lacking, poor

instar

The equivalent, just like (+ gen)

inutilis, inutile

Useless

invidiosus, invidiosa, invidiosum

Envious

invidus, invida, invidum

Envious, jealous

invisus, invisa, invisum

Unseen, secret

Hurrah! Oh!

iucundus, iucunda, iucundum

Pleasant, delightful, agreeable

iucundus, iucunda, iucundum

Pleasant, delightful, agreeable

iugosus, iugosa, iugosum

Hilly, mountainous

iurgium, iurgii, n

Altercation, quarrel

iuvencus, iuvenci, m

Young bull, bullock

labellum, labelli, n

Lip, small basin

inquiro, inquirere, inquisivi, inquisitus

Seek after

insigne, insignis, n

Medal, decoration

insilio, insilire, insilui/insilivi, insultus

Jump into, jump onto

insitus, insita, insitum

Implanted, fixed

insons, insontis

Innocent

instituo, instituere, institui, institutus

Undertake, equip, educate

insum, inesse, infui

Be in

insuper

Above, overhead

intento, intentare, intentavi, intentatus

Stretch

interfor, interfari, interfatus sum

Speak between, interrupt

intericio, intericere, interieci, interiectus

Introduce; insert

interpono, interponere, interposui, interpositus

Place between, include

interpono, interponere, interposui, interpositus

Place between, include

intersum, interesse, interfui

Be between, be present

intersum, interesse, interfui

Be between, be present

intervenio, intervenire, interveni, interventus

Come between, intervene

intervenio, intervenire, interveni, interventus

Come between, intervene

intervenio, intervenire, interveni, interventus

Come between, intervene

interventus, interventus, m

Intervention

intono, intonare, intonui

Thunder forth

intueor, intueri, intuitus sum

Look at

inviso, invisere, invisi, invisus

Go to see, visit

invoco, invocare, invocavi, invocatus

Call upon, invoke

invoco, invocare, invocavi, invocatus

Call upon, invoke

invoco, invocare, invocavi, invocatus

Call upon, invoke

iugulo, iugulare, iugulavi, iugulatus

Cut the throat, slay

ius, iuris, n

Broth, juice

iuventa, iuventae, f

Youth

lacrimabundus, lacrimabunda, lacrimabundum

Bursting into tears

lamentabilis, lamentabile

Deplorable

lana, lanae, f

Wool

lanius, lanii, m

Butcher

lapicida, lapicidae, m

Stone-cutter

lapsus, lapsus, m

Slipping, gliding

lapsus, lapsus, m

Slipping, gliding

lator, latoris, m

A proposer of a law

laus, laudis, f

Praise, glory

lectus, lecta, lectum

Gathered

lectus, lecti, m

Bed, couch

legio, legionis, f

Legion

liberator, liberatoris, m

Deliverer, liberator

lacertus, lacerti, m

arm (especially the upper arm)

lacrimosus, lacrimosa, lacrimosum

Tearful

lanificus, lanifica, lanificum

Wool-working, spinning

lanio, laniare, laniavi, laniatus

Lacerate

lanugo, lanuginis, f

Soft hair, down

lascivia, lasciviae, f

Playfulness, wantonness, licentiousness

lasso, lassare, lassavi, lassatus

Tire/wear out

lassus, lassa, lassum

Tired, weary

laudabilis, laudabile

Praiseworthy, laudable

laudabilis, laudabile

Praiseworthy, laudable

laurus, lauri, f

Laurel

laxus, laxa, laxum

Wide, loose, spacious, (of bows) unstrung

lena, lenae, f

Brothel-keeper

leno, lenonis, m

Pimp

levo, levare, levavi, levatus

Raise, make light

levo, levare, levavi, levatus

Raise, make light

libellus, libelli, m

Little book, document

libo, libare, libavi, libatus

Pour, taste

libum, libi, n

Cake

liceor, liceri, licitus sum

Bid for

licet

Even though

licium, licii, n

End of a thread, a thread

lignum, ligni, n

Firewood

lis, litis, f

Lawsuit, quarrel

litoreus, litorea, litoreum

Littoral, of the sea shore

liveo, livere

To be livid/black and blue with bruises

liveo, livere

To be livid/black and blue with bruises

livor, livoris, m

Bruising, envy

livor, livoris, m

Thong, strap

lucrosus, lucrosa, lucrosum

Lucrative, profitable

luctor, luctari, luctatus sum

Wrestle, struggle, strive

lupa, lupae, f

She-wolf

lusus, lusus, m

Play, game

lyra, lyrae, f

Lyre

madeo, madere, madui

Be wet, be damp

madidus, madida, madidum

Moist, wet, drunk

magus, magi, m

Wise man, magician

male

Badly

malignus, maligna, malignum

Malignant, wicked, malicious, grudging

malignus, maligna, malignum

Malignant, wicked, malicious, grudging

marceo, marcere

Wither, droop, be feeble

margo, marginis, m

Rim, border, edge, margin

manifestus, manifesta, manifestum

Clear, manifest

licentia, licentiae, f

License, freedom, liberty

lictor, lictoris, m

Lictor

lucubro, lucubrare, lucubravi, lucubratus

Work by lamp-light

luxus, luxus, m

Luxury, splendour

maestitia, maestitiae, f

Grief

magistratus, magistratus, m

Magistracy

magnificentia, magnificentiae, f

Grandeur

maiestas, maiestatis, f

Greatness, majesty

mancipium, mancipii, n

Property, possession, slave

mancipium, mancipii, n

Property, possession, slave

maritus, marita, maritum

Matrimonial

matrona, matronae, f

Matron

melior, melius

Better

mentio, mentionis f

Mention

militia, militiae, f

Military service

minime

No, not at all

miseria, miseriae, f

Wretchedness, misery

molio, molire

Build, erect

moribundus, moribunda, moribundum

Ready to die

moror, morari, moratus sum

Delay

muliebris, muliebre

Feminine, female

multa, multae, f

Penalty

multiplex, multiplicis

Manifold

multo

By much, greatly

multo

By much, greatly

ne quidem

Not even

nebula, nebulae, f

Cloud

necessitas, necessitatis, f

Necessity, need

necopinatus/nec opinatus -a -um

Unexpected

nequaquam

By no means

nequeo nequire nequii/nequivi nequitus

Be unable

Nequiquam

In vain

maternus, materna, maternum

Maternal

Medico, medicare, medicavi, medicatus (medicor)

treat, mediate (with), dye (with)

mel, mellis, n

Honey

Membrum, membri, n

Limb

Memor, memoris

Remembering

Menda, mendae, f

Fault, defect, blemish

Mercabilis, mercabile

Purchasable

Meretrix, meretricis, f

Prostitute

Merito

Deservedly

Merito

Deservedly

merum, meri, n

Wine; wine unmixed with water

merum, meri, n

Wine; wine unmixed with water

merx, mercis, f

commodity

milito, militare, militavi, militatus

Serve as a soldier

milito, militare, militavi, militatus

Serve as a soldier

ministra, ministrae, f

servant, attendant

Ministro, ministrare, ministravi, ministratus

Attend, serve

minuo, minuere, minui, minutus

Lessen

mitis, mite

Mild, ripe

moderabilis, moderabile

Controllable

modestus, modesta, modestum

Modest, restrained

modicus, modica, modicum

moderate, modest, temperate

mollio, mollire, mollivi, mollitus

soften, soothe

monile, monilis, n

Necklace

mortalis, mortale

Mortal

munimen, muniminis, n

Protection, defence, fortification

mustum, musti, n

must (fermenting grape juice)

mustum, musti, n

must (fermenting grape juice)

nativus, nativa, nativum

Native, natural

nativus, nativa, nativum

Native, natural

nativa, nativae, m

Sailor, mariner

necto, nectere, nexi, nexus

tie, bind, connect, weave

nempe

Indeed

nervus, nervi, m

Muscle, tendon, cord, string

nexilis, nexile

Plaited, intertwined

niteo, nitere, nitui

Shine

nix, nivis, f

Snow

nocens, nocentis

Guilty

nonnumquam

sometimes

nota, notae, f

mark, note

nota, notae, f

mark, note

noto, notare, notavi, notatus

mark, sign

nubilim, nubili, n

darkness, cloud

neu/neve

or not, and not, nor, neither

nimis

Very much

nimius, nimia, nimium

Excessive

no, nare, navi

Swim

nobilis, nobile

Illustrious, famous

nocturnus, nocturna, nocturnum

Nocturnal

noscito, noscitare, noscitavi, noscitatus

recognise (frequentative of nosco)

noxa, noxae, f

harm, injury

num

Whether

nuntium, nuntii, n

Announcement

nuptiae, nuptiarum, f pl

Marriage

oborior, oboriri, obortus sum

arise, appear

obsidio, obsidionis, f

siege, blockade

obsoletus, obsoleta, obsoletum

Worn out, poor

obstino, obstinare, obstinavi, obstinatus

persist

obtorpesco, obtorpescere, obtorpui

grow stiff

obtrunco, obtruncare, obtruncavi, obtruncatus

Lop off, cut down, cut to pieces

obtrunco, obtruncare, obtruncavi, obtruncatus

Lop off, cut down, cut to pieces

obviam

In the way of

obvius, obvia, obvium

in the way

occasus, occasus, m

going down; setting; the west

occido, occidere, occidi, occisus

go down, set, fall

omen, ominis, n

omen

opera, operae, f

Work

opifex, opificis, m

Worker

opperior, opperiri, oppertus/opperitus sum

wait, expect

opulentus, opulenta, opulentum

rich, opulent

oratio, orationis, f

Speech

oratio, orationis, f

Speech

Orbitas, orbitatis, f

Destitution, bereavement

Ordino, ordinare, ordinavi, ordinatus

set in order, regulate

pando, pandere, pandi, passus

Spread out, explain

parens, parentis

Obedient

parum

too little, not enough, insufficiently

parum

too little, not enough, insufficiently

patesco, patescere, patui

begin to be open, be open to view

paucus, pauca, paucum

(sing) small, (pl) a few

Paulo

Slightly

paveo, pavere, pavui

tremble, fear

pellicio, pellicere, pellexi, pellectus

induce

perago, peragere, peregi, peractus

finish

nutus, nutus, m

nod, will

Obliquus, obliqua, obliquum

Slanting, indirect, covert

obsum, obesse, obfui

be in the way

occulo, occulere, occului, occultus

cover

occultus, occulta, occultum

hidden, secret

ocellus, ocelli, m

little eye

onus, oneris, n

Load, burden

oppositus, opposita, oppositum

Hostile, opposed

ornatrix, ornatricis, f

hairdresser, lady’s maid

ovis, ovis, n

Sheep

ovum, ovi, n

Egg

paciscor, pacisci, pactus sum

agree

paelex, paelicis, f

a mistress who was a rival to a wife or lover

pagina, paginae, f

Page

palla, pallae, f

Cloak

pallium, pallii, n

Cloak, coverlet

pandus, panda, pandum

bent, curved, crooked

pango, pangere, pepigi, pactus

fasten, fix; settle for, agree upon

papilla, papillae, f

nipple, breast

parcus, parca, parcum

sparing

parens, parentis, m/f

Parent

parento, parentare, parentavi, parentatus

make memorial offerings for parents, make offerings at a grave, honour the dead

pascor, pasci

feed, nourish

paternus, paterna, paternum

Paternal

paternus, paterna, paternum

Paternal

patienter

Patiently

pecten, pectinis, m

Comb; scallop, shellfish

pendo, pendere, pependi, pensus

weigh, have a weight of

pensum, pensi, n

wool, allotment

peraro, perarare, peraravi, peraratus

Incise

perennis, perennis, perenne

lasting throughout the year

periurium (peiurium), periurii, n

false oath, lie

periuro, peieroare, peieroavi, peieroatus

swear a false oath

perpetuus, perpetua, perpetuum

continuous

perpetior, perpeti, perpessus sum

bear to the end, endure

Pervigilis, pervigiis

keeping watch all night, awake

pervigilio, pervigiliare, pervigiliavi, pervigiliatus

keep vigil

pharetra, pharetrae, f

quiver

pharetratus, pharetrata, pharetratum

wearing a quiver

perangustus, perangusta, perangustum

very narrow

percello, percellere, perculi, perculsus

strike

percontor, percontari, percontatus sum

investigate, question

peremptor, peremptoris, m

killer, destroyer, murderer

perfero, perferre, pertuli, perlatus

endure, carry through

perinde

equally

perpello, perpellere, perpuli, perpulsus

drive, compel, prevail upon

perpopulor, perpopulari, perpopulatus sum

ravage, devastate

persona, personae, f

actor’s mask; role

pertineo, pertinere, pertinui, pertentus

reach

pervasto, pervastare

lay waste

petitor, petitoris, m

one who tries to obtain something; a candidate for office

petulantia, petulantiae, f

impudence

possessio, possessionis, f

possession

popularis, popularis

Public

posterus, postera, posterum

postulatio, postulationis, f / postulatum, postulati, n

Demand, request

potis/pote (indeclinable)

Powerful

poto, potare, potavi, potatus

Drink

prae

Before (+ abl), the the face of, in view of

praecipio, praecipere, praecepi, praeceptus

anticipate, advise

praecipue

especially, particularly

praeco, praeconis, m

Herald, auctioneer

praedor, praedari, praedatus sum

Plunder

praedor, praedari, praedatus sum

Plunder

praefectus, praefectus, m

Prefect

praefectus, praefectus, m

Prefect

praefor, praefari, praefatus sum

Address first

praemitto, praemittere, praemisi, praemissus

Send ahead

Praepolleo, praepollere, praepollui

Be predominant

Praeproperus, praepropera, praeproperum

(Too) hasty

Praerumpo, praerumpere, praerupi, praeruptus

Burst/break off in front

praesideo, praesidere, praesedi

Sit before, preside over

Praesidium, praesidii, n

Protection

Praesto

Ready

praetereo, praeterire, praeterivi, praeteritus

Go by

Praeterquam

Beyond, except

prendo (prehendo) prendere, prendi, prensus

Lay hold of, grasp, snatch

precarius, precaria, precarium

Obtained by entreaty, granted to prayer

pridie

Day before

Primoris, primore

First, foremost

pinguis, pingue

Fat, dull

pinna, pinnae, f

Feather, wing

plecto, plectere

Beat, punish

pluma, plumae, f

Feather, down

pollex, pollicis, m

Thumb, big toe

pompa, pompae, f

procession, parade

pomum, pomi, n

Fruit

pondus, ponderis, n

Weight

Pontus, ponti, m

The open sea

populeus, populea, populeum

Of the poplar tree

porrigo, porrigere, porrexi, porrectus

Stretch forth

Postis, postis, m

Doorjamb, door

postmodo

Later, presently

Praefero, preferre, praetuli, praelatus

Prefer

Praegusto, praegustare, praegustavi, praegustatus

Taste before

Praeripio, praeripere, praeripui, praereptem

Snatch up, carry off

proavus, proavi, m

Great-grandfather, ancestor

procumbo, procumbere, procubui, procubitus

Fall forwards, sink down

proditio, proditionis

Betrayal, abandonment

proicio, proicere, proieci, proiectus

Throw out, fling to the ground

prostituo, prostituere, prostitui, prostitutus

prostitute

prosto, prostare, prostiti, prostitus

Stand before; offer oneself for sale

prosto, prostare, prostiti, prostitus

Stand before; offer oneself for sale

Protego, protegere, protexi, protectus

Cover, conceal, protect

Protervus, proterva, protervum

Bold, impudent

Protinus/protenus

At once

provenio, provenire, proveni

Come forth/about

pruinosus, pruinosa, pruinosum

Frosty

pulverulentus, pulverulenta, pulverulentum

Dusty

pupulae, pupulae, f

Pupil (of the eye)

purpureus, purpurea, purpureum

Purple

qualiscumque, qualecumque

Whatever kind, whatever sort

quamlibet

However, in whatever degree

rado, radere, rasi, rasus

Shave, scratch, inscribe

raucus, rauca, raucum

Harsh-sounding, noisy

Recingo, recingere, recinctus

Loosen

recompono, recomponere, recomposui, recompsitus

Put back together; rearrange

recurvo, recurvare, recurvavi, recuravtus

Bend back, curve backwards

Redimio, redimere, redimii, redimitus

Encircle (with a garland)

procreo, procreare, procreavi, procreatus

procreate, beget

prodigium, prodigii, n

Portent, wonder

profectus, profectus, m

Success

profugio, profugere, profugi

Flee

Proinde/proin

Just as

prolabor, prolabi, prolapus sum

slip forward

promiscuus, promiscua, promiscuum

Mixed, indiscriminate

pronuntio, pronuntiare, pronuntiavi, pronuntiatus

Pronounce, speak

propinquus, propinqua, propinquum

Related, near

proripio, proripere, proripui, proreptus

Snatch forth, rush forth

proruo, proruere, prorui, prorutus

rush forth, overthrow

prosequor, prosequi, prosecutus sum

prosterno, prosternere, prostravi, prostratus

lay low, knock down, debase

provocatio, provocationis, f

appeal, stimulus, calling out

publicum, publici, n

Public territory, a public place

pudicitia, pudicitiae, f

Chastity, modesty, virtue

qua

Where, how, anywhere, anyhow

quadraginta; quadragesimus -a -um

40; 40th

quaeso, quaesere

Beg

Quattor; quartus -a -um

4; 4th

quin

Introduces a clause of prevention or doubt

quindecim; quintus - a -um decimus -a -um

15; 15th

Quingenti -ae -a; quingentesimus -a -um

500; 500th

quippe

Indeed

quodammodo

In a certain way

Quonam

Whither? To where?

Rapina, rapinae, f

Robbery, plundering, pillage

raptim

Suddenly, speedily

Regia, regiae, f

Palace

relatus, relatus, m

A bringing before

religio, religionis, f

rite, scruple

repo, repere, repsi, reptus

Crawl

repo, repere, repsi, reptus

Crawl

redimo, redimere, redemi, redemptus

Purchase; buy back; buy back out of slavery

reditus, reditus, m

Return, revenue

refertus, referta, refertum

crammed, bursting with

refugio, refugere, refugi

Flee back, run away

relaxo, relaxare, relaxavi, relaxatus

Loosen, open

relentesco, relentescere

slacken

Relevo, relevare, relevavi, relevatus

Lighten, relieve

religo, religare, religavi, religatus

Tie up, bind fast

reparabilis, reparabile

Reparable, recoverable

rependo, rependere, rependi, repensus

make up for; balance

repertor, repertoris, m

Discoverer, inventor

requiesco, requiescere, requievi, requietus

Rest

resanesco, resanescere, resanui

Be healed

rescribo, rescribere, rescripsi, rescriptus

rewrite, reply (to)

reseco, resecare, resecui, resectum

cut, cut back

resido, resido, resedi

sit down, sink down, shrink

resurgo, resurgere, resurrexi, resurrectum

rise again, reappear

rete, retis, n

net, trap

retorqueo, retorquere, retorsi, retortus

twist back, bend back

reus, rei, m

Defendant

rigeo, rigere

be stiff, stiffen

rigidus, rigida, rigidum

Hard, rigid, stiff

rite

Duly, correctly; with the proper rites

rivalis, rivalis, m

Rival

rodo, rodere, rosi, rosus

Gnaw, erode, slander

rodo, rodere, rosi, rosus

Gnaw, erode, slander

ros, roris, m

Dew

rosa, rosae, f

Rose

Roscidus, roscida, roscidum

Dewy

roseus, rosea, roseum

Rosy

rubeo, rubere, rubui

be red

rubor, ruboris, m

Redness

ruga, rugae, f

Wrinkle

rugosus, rugosa, rugosum

Wrinkled

rusticitas, rusticitatis, f

Lack of sophistication

Sacrilegus, sacrilega, sacrilegum

Guilty of impiety, sacrilegious

sanguinulentus, sanguinulenta, sanguinulentum

blood-red

sapio, sapere, sapivi

Discern, taste of, be intelligent

sapio, sapere, sapivi

Discern, taste of, be intelligent

seligo, seligere, selegi, selectus

select

semiadapertus, semiadaperta, semiadapertum

half-open

semisupinus, semisupina, semisupinum

half-supine, half-lying on one’s back

semisupinus, semisupina, semisupinum

half-supine, half-lying on one’s back

senectus, senectutis, f

old age

nitor, niti, nisus/nixus

strive, struggle; lean on/rest

scindo, scindere, scidi, scissus (in compounds with ex- the s drops out)

cut, tear, split

saxum, saxi, n

stone

probo, probare, probavi, probatus

approve, commend

probo, probare, probavi, probatus

approve, commend

careo, carere, carui

lack, be without

careo, carere, carui

lack, be without

careo, carere, carui

lack, be without

careo, carere, carui

lack, be without

Latin Vocabulary Flashcards

(2259 cards)