Law Of War

Question 1

Define Law of War

Answer 1

The part of war that regulates the conduct of armed hostilities.

Question 2

What is the purpose of Law of War?

Answer 2

To prevent unnecessary suffering, safeguard certain fundamental human rights of those involved in a conflict, & to ultimately restore peace.

Question 3

What are the principles of war?

Answer 3

Military necessity, Proportionality, Avoid unnecessary suffering, distinction.

Question 4

What is Military necessity?

Answer 4

Justification of employment of violence to obtain the submission of the enemy or to reach the certain military objective.

Question 5

What is Military necessity based on?

Answer 5

nature, location, purpose and use

Question 6

What is Proportionality?

Answer 6

states that the nature, duration, and scope of the engagement must not exceed that which is required to decisively counter the hostile act or the demonstrated hostile intent.

Question 7

What is avoid unnecessary suffering?

Answer 7

ensuring that our decisions & actions minimize unnecessary suffering to the enemy as well as to any civilians & noncombatants involved.

Question 8

What is distinction?

Answer 8

requires that combatants be distinguished from noncombatants and that military objectives be distinguished from protected places.

Question 9

What is the acronym LOAC?

Answer 9

Law of Armed Conflict

Question 10

Define LOAC

Answer 10

Prevention of unnecessary suffering safe guarding certain fundamentals human rights of those involved in a conflict & to ultimately restore peace.

Question 11

Define Combatants

Answer 11

Those who are lawfully entitled to engage in hostilities which include members of armed forces, regular militia, guerrilla units, Levee en Masse

Question 12

What are characteristics of combatants?

Answer 12

• Wearing of a fixed and distinct uniform.
• Open carriage of arms.
• Acting under the command of a responsible leader.
• Obeying the law of war.

Question 13

Define Non Combatants

Answer 13

Those who may accompany combatants but do not perform in that capacity.

Question 14

What are some examples of noncombatants?

Answer 14

Correspndents, Technical personnel, Contractors, Medical personnel, Chaplains, other civilians

Question 15

Define spies

Answer 15

those who act under false pretenses IOT obtain info & communicate the info back to a hostile or potentially hostile party.

Question 16

Which groups are not protected by the law of war?

Answer 16

Terrorists, Insurgents, Saboteurs, Partisans

Question 17

Describe protected combatant.

Answer 17

• Wear a distinguishable or distinct uniform.
• Openly carry arms.
• Act under a distinguishable leader while they themselves operate under the law of war.

Question 18

What are all detainees and EPWs entitled to during a time of war?

Answer 18

Rights under the Geneva Convention

Question 19

What rules dictate our handling of detained persons?

Answer 19

Search, Silence, Safeguard, Segegrate, Speed, Tag

Question 20

What are some examples of protected pleaces that are not considered vlid military targets?

Answer 20

hospitals, churches, mosques

Question 21

What are examples of lawful incendiaries munitions?

Answer 21

Napalm, Flame throwers, White phosphorous

Question 22

What requires presidential authorization before this weapons can be used?

Answer 22

Riot control agents (i.e., pepper spray, tear gas)

Question 23

What wepaons are considered “treacherous means of warfare” and are prohibited under the law of war?

Answer 23

Chemical & biological weapons.

Question 24

Define ROE & what reference can we find it in?

Answer 24

Joint PB 1-02 “[d]irectives issued by competent military authority that delineate the circumstances and limitations under which United States forces will initiate and/or continue combat engagement with other forces encountered

Question 25

What 3 functions does ROE perform?

Answer 25

- Provides guidance fr the POTUS & SECDEF to depoyed units on use of force & unit self defense - Control mechanism for the transition fr peacetime to combat ops (war) - Provide mechanism to facilitate palnning & training

Question 26

What framework does the ROE encompass?

Answer 26

national policy goals, mission requirements, and the rule of law. Simply put, ROE define the way in which we can engage the enemy.

Question 27

What must ROE ensure?

Answer 27

national policy and objectives are reflected in the action of commanders in the field, particularly under circumstances in which communication with higher authority is not possible

Question 28

What does the Standing Rules of Engagement provide?

Answer 28

guidance on the inherent right of self-defense and the application of force for mission accomplishment.

Question 29

What is SROE designed to do?

Answer 29

Provide a common template for development and implementation of ROE for the full range of operations from peace to war.

Question 30

Who approves ROE for US Forces?

Answer 30

SECDEF

Question 31

Commanders are required to review relevancy & utility of their SROE for the current AO & request changes as need because?

Answer 31

- Provides implementation guidance on the application of force for mission accomplishment - Ensures the proper exercise of the inherent right of self-defense.

Question 32

What are the 2 main types of modifications to SROE?

Answer 32

- Those that require combatant commander approval or higher. - Those that allow commanders to place further restrictions on the SROE for specific actions. These types of changes require that notification of the restriction is sent to the SECDEF.

Question 33

What are the 3 levels of self defense?

Answer 33

National, Collective, Unit & Individual Sel Defense

Question 34

What are the 3 principles of self defense?

Answer 34

Necessity, De-escalate, Proportionality

Question 35

Define Hostile Act.

Answer 35

An attack or other use of force against the US or US forces & force used directly to preclude or impede the mission and/or duties of US forces, including the recovery of US personnel and vital US government property.

Question 36

Define Hostile Intent

Answer 36

The threat of imminent use of force against the US or US forces

Question 37

What things must be considered for hostile intent?

Answer 37

When HI is present the right exists to use appropriate force to neutralize or destroy the threat. use all known facts, Imminent threat can be determined at any level, Doesnt mean immediate or instantaneously

Question 38

De-escalate should be

Answer 38

When time & circumstances permit and warn & give the enemy opportunity to w/drawl

Question 39

What is proportionality?

Answer 39

Force used to counter a hostile act, or demonstrated hostile intent must be reasonable in nature, duration, and scope to the perceived or demonstrated threat based on all facts known to the commander at the time.

Question 40

Define Hostile Force

Answer 40

Any civilian, paramilitary, or military force or terrorist(s), that has been declared hostile by appropriate US authority.

Question 41

POSID is not required for hostile act or hostile intent. True or False?

Answer 41

True