Laws Flashcards
(17 cards)
Gas laws:
Boyle’s, Henry’s, Charle’s, Gay-Lussac’s, Dalton’s,
Boyle’s Gas Law= The volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of it
The more pressure, the less volume.
The less pressure, the more volume
Every 33 feet under water adds another atmosphere
Henry’s gas Law= The amount of a dissolved gas in a given amount of fluid is directly proportional to the amount of pressure on top of that gas
Dalton’s Gas Law: The total pressure of a mixture of gases = the sum of the partial pressure of the individual gases.
The air we breathe in is about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1 % other. (Carbon dioxide, argon, helium, and other rare gases)
Gay-Lussac’s Gas Law =As you heat a volume of gas, the pressure is going to go up.
If you cool a volume of gas, the pressure will decrease.
Charles’s Gas Law= At a constant temperature, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the Gas
If the temperature increases, the volume Increases.
If the temperature decreases, then the volume will decrease
!!Poiseuille’s law:
Example:
= vessel w/ relative radius of 1 would transport 1mL per min at BP difference of 100mmHg. Keep pressure constant
= Less blood = vaso-press
Monro-Kellie Doctrine:
in short:
= The pressure-vol/ relationship between ICP, Vol/ of CSF, blood, brain tissue, & CPP
= In the fixed space of the cranial cavity, when one increases, the others must decrease
Brain perfusion] Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) form:
MAP’s relation w/ perfusion:
Head injury PTs will have increase BP b/c:
= MAP – ICP (Norm/ ICP between 5-15 mmHg average 10mL)
= MAP needs to stay > ICP to maintain brain perfusion
= increase MAP helps to keep the MAP>ICP. (bodys attempt to compensate)
What is hydrostatic pressure in the vascular system & what creates it?
What is oncotic pressure in the vascular system and what creates it?
=Pressure from heart in blood vessels & forces water to cross the capillary membrane into the interstitial space.
=Pulling water back into the blood vessels by the presence of large proteins in the blood (pulling back in)
What size of IV catheter would you use to access an EJ?
16-18 gauge
What sites can you use for the placement of an IO? (adult versus pediatric)
Proximal Tibia (~2 inches for stability)
Proximal Humorous (in peoples way)
Distal Tibia (easier for manual IO),
Sternal aka manubrium (for adults)
Distal femur (for kids)
Accessing a central venous catheter, what’s min/ syringe size that should be used?
10mL
use 20mL preferably
Med Bioavailability:
Med Biotransformation:
Med Prodrug:
=how much the body breaks down the dose
=METABOLISM→ liver #1 ⅔ filter → means of body filtering med
=body has to break drug down for med to work as intended EX aspirin
Idiocrasy effect:
Cross tolerance effect:
Tachyphylaxis effect:
Cumulative effect:
Med antagonist effect:
Summation effect:
Synergism effect:
Potentiation effect:
Interference effect:
=individual reaction is unusually dif/ from what is commonly seen
= body builds up tolerance to 1 med thus, tolerance to another med
=rapid occurring tolerance to med
= when med admin/ in many doses thus increased effect, due to quantitative buildup of the drug in the blood
=effects of one med blocks the response to another drug
=2 meds that enhance each other
= 2 meds admin/ together that produces a greater response (“1+1=5”)
=when med enhances effects of another (promethazine + morphine)
=med directly effects the pharm/ of another “football” EX: non-selective beta blocker w/ albuterol so asthma worsts
(Capno/ waves) Shark fin:
Tachypnea:
Bradypnea:
Curare’s Cleft:
= Bronchoconstriction
= thin wave width, small baselines, hypocapnia if severe
= thick wave width, Big baselines, Hypercapnia if severe
= Dip in phase 3 from diaphragm/PT waking up
!!Starling’s Law of heart:
= states that the more the myocardium is stretched, up to a certain amount, the more forceful the subsequent contraction will be
