Layers of the Earth

Question 1

The Earth’s crust is ____________.

Answer 1

the rock that forms the outer (first) layer of the Earth

Question 2

What is the Earth’s crust made of

Answer 2

The crust is a layer of solid rock that includes both dry land and the ocean floor

The main elements of the rock are oxygen and silicon

Question 3

How thick is the Earth’s crust

Answer 3

The Earth’s crust in most places is 5 to 40km thick.

Under high mountains, the crust can be as thick as 80km, and is thinnest beneath the ocean floor.

Question 4

The two types of crust are - - - - and - - - - crust

Answer 4

Oceanic and Continental Crust

Question 5

Oceanic Crust

Answer 5

The crust that lies beneath the ocean is called oceanic crust

Question 6

Continental crust

Answer 6

Continental crust is the crust that forms continents

Question 7

The composition of Oceanic Crust is ________ with small amounts of ocean sediment on top

Answer 7

Basalt

Basalt is a dark, fine-grained rock

Question 8

The Compostition of Continental crust

Answer 8

Continental crust contains many types of rocks, but it’s overall composition is granite

Granite is a rock that is usually a light color and has coarse grains

Question 9

The second layer of the Earth is the __________

Answer 9

Mantle

Question 10

Multiple choice

Is the crust a:
1. solid
2. liquid
3. gas

Answer 10

The crust is a solid because it is made out of rocks

Question 11

True or False

Is the mantle a solid or liquid?

Answer 11

The mantle is a solid

Question 12

How thick is the mantle?

Answer 12

3,000km thick

Question 13

Fill in the Blank

Geologists often group the - - - - and - - - into a single layer known as the - - - - -.

Answer 13

The crust and the uppermantle into a single layer known as the lithosphere

Question 14

How thick is the lithosphere

Answer 14

100km thick

Question 15

the part beneath the lithosphere is a solid yet bendable layer is called the _______

Answer 15

asthenosphere

Question 16

what is the purpose of the asthenosphere?

Answer 16

To move the lithospheric plates with magma convection currents

A convection current occurs when heated fluid expands and becomes less dense, causing it to rise through denser fluid. As it cools near the surface, it becomes denser and sinks again.

Question 17

Fill in the blank

Beneath the asthenosphere is the _______

Answer 17

Lower mantle

Question 18

The lower mantle is ___________.

Answer 18

Hot, rigid, and under intense pressure.

Question 19

What does the mantle contain?

Answer 19

Upper mantle, asthenosphere, and the lower mantle

Question 20

Fill in the blank

As you go deeper into the Earth, the ________increases, this shows that these are proportional.

Answer 20

Depth and temperature

Question 21

How many layers does the core have?

Answer 21

Two layers, the outer and inner core

Question 22

Fill in the blank

The core is located in ________.

Answer 22

the middle of the Earth

Question 23

Is the outer core:
A: liquid
B: solid
C: gas

Answer 23

The Outer core is liquid

Question 24

What is the inner core?

Answer 24

The Inner core is a solid

Question 25

The Outer core is ____________ km thick

Answer 25

2,260

Question 26

How thick is the inner core?

Answer 26

1220 km ## Footnote Add up the depth of the two layers and you get 3480km

Question 27

Where does lava come from

Answer 27

the mantle and outer core

Question 28

The Outer core is a ________

Answer 28

Layer of molten metal surrounding the inner core ## Footnote Despite the enormous pressure, the outer core is liquid

Question 29

The Inner core is a _______

Answer 29

Dense ball of solid metal ## Footnote in the inner core, extreme pressure squeezes the atoms of iron and nickel so much that they cannot spread out to become a liquid

Question 30

The Inner core is made up of

Answer 30

iron and nickel ## Footnote This applies to the outer core as well

Question 31

Geologists suggest that the two cores are made mainly out of _______.

Answer 31

Iron and nickel

Question 32

Scientists think that ______

Answer 32

the movements in the liquid outer core produce Earth's magnetic field

Question 33

One full convection cycle in the Earth can take _____

Answer 33

Millions of years