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Year 3 Conditions > Laz book > Flashcards

Laz book Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an austin flint murmur

A

Seen in severe aortic regurg- mid diastolic

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2
Q

What is a graham stell murmur heard in

A

Pulmonary regurg

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3
Q

What is a gibson murmur heard in

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

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4
Q

What is a carey coomb murmur associated with

A

Rheumatic fever

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5
Q

What are barlows murmurs

A

Mid systolic click and end systolic murmur assocaited with mitral valve prolapse

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6
Q

What is name of murmur heard in mitral valve prolapse

A

Barlow

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7
Q

How dogetses minimal change disease appear on light microscopy

A

No change to glomerulus

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8
Q

How does minimal change disease appear on electron microscopy

A

Loss of podocytes

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9
Q

What artery is involved in posterior MIs

A

Posterior descending

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10
Q

Extra articular manifestations of RA

A

Subcut nodules
Episcleritis
ILD

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11
Q

What is trigger finger seen in

A

RA

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12
Q

What is radial deviation of wrist seen in

A

RA

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13
Q

What is Z deformity of thumb seen in

A

RA

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14
Q

Iron studies of haemochromatosis

A 
High serum Fe
High ferrititin
Low trasnferrin
High transferrin saturation
Low TIBC
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15
Q

Where is mutation in hereditary haemochromatosis

A

Hepcidin defiency leading to unregulated iron absorption in duodenum

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16
Q

Secondary causes of osteoporosis

A

Cushings
Hyperthyroidism
Hypogonadism

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17
Q

What is arons sign

A

Press on McBurneys and get epigastric pain

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18
Q

What is most common type of skin cancer

A

BCC

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19
Q

Where do skin SCCs appear

A

In sun exposed areas

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20
Q

What is a raised, everted edges with ulcerative centre and keratotic core

A

SCC

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21
Q

What is keratocanthoma

A

Variat of SSC that doesnt metastasise

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22
Q

What is skin lesion with raised edges and a fine telengiectasia on the surface

A

BCC

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23
Q

How thick should AAs be

A

2cm

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24
Q

How often should aortic aneurysms 3-4.5cm be checked

A

Every year

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25
How often should aortic aneurysms 4.6-5.4cm be checked
Every 3 months
26
What organs can be involved in kaposi sarcomas
GI | Lungs
27
AIDS defining conditions
``` Kaposi sarcoma Candidiasis PCP Toxoplasmosis Burkitts lymphoma Cervical cancer ```
28
Drug for a benzo OD
Flumezanil
29
When is n acetyl cysteine administered
Paracetamol levels measured 4hrs post OD and if above a certain level give
30
Which atypical pneumonia causes red cell agglutination
Mycoplasma
31
What are grades of haemorrhoids
1- no prolapse 2- prolapse on defaecation but reduces spontaneously 3- prolapse that can be reduced manually 4- remains persitently prolapsed and cant be reduced
32
What are the types of rectal prolpse
Type 1- only the mucosa protrudes through | Type 2- all rectum layers protrude
33
How do type 2 prolapses feel
Concentric muscular rings
34
Symptoms of rectal prolapse
Faecal incontinence but can be constipation | Mucus discharge
35
What causes rectal prolapses
Lax anal tones- damage to pudendal nerve | Prolonged straining
36
What to think about when has pericarditis in PMH
Recent MI If has been a few days then post MI pericarditis If more than 2 weeks then is dressler syndrome
37
Primary HSV 1 infection
Pharyngitis Gingivostomatitis Herpetic whitlow
38
How does reactivated HSV 1 present
Lies dormant in trigeminal ganglia then when stress like cold, immunocompromised you get herpes labialis
39
How does costochondritis present
Pleuritic pain worse on exercise | Tender on palpation eother side of palpation
40
What causes molluscum contagiosum
Pox virus
41
Who does molluscum contagiosum normallu present in
Children
42
How is molluscum contagiosum transmitted
Skin to skin so adults normally sex
43
How does molluscum contagiosum present in adults
Dome shaped, firm and smooth will umbilicated centre on lower abdomen and genitals which lasts for 8 months
44
What organism causes syphillis
Treponema pallidum
45
How does syphilis present
Single painless genital ulcer followed by lymphadenopathy and widespread skin lesions
46
Dome shaped, firm and smooth will umbilicated centre on lower abdomen and genitals which lasts for 8 months
molluscum contagiosum
47
Single painless genital ulcer followed by lymphadenopathy and widespread skin lesions
syphilis
48
Earliest sign of HBV acute infection in blood
HBsAg
49
How is chronic HBV diagnosed
HBsAg in blood 6 months after infection
50
What antigens can be present in acute HBV infection
HBsAg HBeAG HBcAg
51
What is HBeAg
Associated with nucleocaspid
52
How does ank spond present
Lower back pain Stiffness worse in morning Improves with activity
53
What is done in schobers test
Line drawn on L5 and 10cm above. When patient bends over should extend beyond 15cm. If less than 15cm indicates ank spond or any condition affection flexion of spine
54
What is best diagnostic test for prostate cancer
Transurethral biopsy of prostate
55
After high dose dexamethasone what is best way to differentaite between ectopic ACTH and adrenal adenoma
Give metyrapone
56
What is red reflex
When shine light in eye in fundoscopy can see a red reflection of this light
57
What causes loss of red reflex physiologically
Something blocking retina
58
What causes loss of red reflex adults
Cataracts
59
What causes loss of red reflex children
Retinoblastoma
60
What is seen in eye anterior uveitis
Red ring around eye
61
What is subclavian steal syndrome
Stenosis of subclavian proximal to vertebral artery means blood leaks out of vertebral artery into the subclavian often when arm is being used extensively
62
Causes of subclavian steal syndrome
Cervical rib Takayasus Atherosclerosis
63
What drug is blurred vision often associated with
Anti-muscarinics like atropine
64
What drug is a tremor often associated with
Beta agonists
65
How is synovial fluid described in septic arthritis
Turbid
66
What causes vitiligo
Autoimmune attack of melanocytes
67
Why do you get vitiligo in addisons
Autoimmune conditions often go hand in hand | If cause TB then wouldnt see vitiligo
68
Gastric cancer presentation
``` Dyspepsia Early satiety Vomiting Bloating Malaena ```
69
Difference in presentation between right and left colon cancer
Right- pain and anaemia signs, Will be later | Left- change in habits, PR bleeding. Will be earlier
70
What is supplied by PCA
inferior portions of temporal lobe | Occipital lobes
71
Presentation of PCA stroke
Prosopagnosia Visual agnosia Sensory deficits Visual defects
72
What does MCA supply
Subcortical structures Internal capsule Lateral parietal and temporal lobes
73
Cause of secondary HTN in young person
Coarctation of aorta
74
What area of leg goes meralgia parasthetica affect
Outside of thigh
75
What causes meralgia parasthetica
Weightgain leading to tight clothes compressing lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
76
Why is there raised cholesterol in liver disease
Liver role to break down cholesterol
77
Examination finding of PBC
``` Raised cholesterol signs RUQ tenderness Excoriation marks Jaundice Hepatosplenomegaly ```
78
What conditions is PBC associated with
Sjogrens RA Coeliac
79
What is ramsay hunt syndrome
Reactivation of zaricella zoster in the facial nerve causing a type of shingles
80
How does ramsay hunt sydrome present
Facial nerve palsy Altered taste Dry eyes and mouth Vesicular rash in the ear
81
Histological appearance on duodenal biopsy of coeliac
Subvillous atropy | Crypt hyperplasia
82
What are rouleaux formations seen in
Myeloma
83
What are rouleaux formations
Stacks of red cells that in myelomas form due to high numbers of Igs
84
What are granulocytes with absent granulation and hyposegmentation seen in
Myelodysplastic disorders
85
In pancreatitis what is first line investigation in terms of imaging
US
86
What can be seen on US pancreatitis
Pancreatic inflammation Calcification Free fluid
87
If patient has renal insufficiency what investigation is done second line for pancreatitis
MRCP as cant tolerate contrast
88
Why cant you exclude pancreatitis on basis of normal or slightly elevated pancreatitis
Has half life of 12 hours
89
What can kussmal sign be seen in
Constrictive pericarditis | Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
90
Why are venturi masks used in COPD
Most accurate at delivering O2
91
Management of PEA and asystole
``` CPR while getting paddles ready Defibrillate CPR 2 mins Defibrillate second time IV adrenaline Repeat every every 3-5mins IV amiodarone after 3rd defibrillation ```
92
When is IV amiodarone given in PEA management
After 3rd defibrillation
93
What happens to varicoceles when lie down
Reduce only visible or palpable when standing or in valsava movements
94
If patient has arcuate fasiculus lesion what will speech disorder be
Cant repeat speech told to them
95
B sx of lymphoma
Fever Night sweats Weight loss
96
What are 4 tests for h.pylori
Urease breath test Blood antibody Stool antigen CLO test
97
How is CLO test done
Done on biopsy
98
What is uptake of iodine in de quervains
No uptake as cells damaged
99
Pathophysiology of de quervains
Thyroid cells get damaged causing release of T4 in short run but then after a few days become hypo when stores run out
100
First line management of TIA
Aspirin 300mg
101
Management of GORD
Lifestyle- avoid spicy food, lose weight, small regular meals before bed, Medical- daily PPI-> twice if not improved
102
What drugs shouldnt be used in dysphagia
TCA Nitrates Anti-cholinergics
103
How should bladder cancer be investigated
Cystoscopy | Biopsy
104
What is ruddy red complexion a feature of
Polycythaemia vera
105
What ABs present in AI hepatitis
ANA ASMA ALKM
106
What are ALKM Abs
Anti liver kidney microscopic
107
Murmurs on examination of cor pulmonale
Pan-systolic- tricuspid regurg | Graham steell
108
What are 5 presentations of psoriatic arthritis
``` DIP disease Spondyloarthropathy- axial skeleton affected Symmetrical polyarthritis Arthritis mutilans Asymmetrical oligoarthritis ```
109
What is see before a partial seizure
Aura
110
What is seen during a generalised seizure
Tongue biting Limb jerking Incontinence
111
How does time of syncope differentiate seizure from other cause
Seizure lasts minutes
112
How are you after a seizure
Takes a while to recover | Very confused
113
How are you before a vasovagal syncope
Sweating Pallor Nausea
114
How are you after a vasovagal episode
Rapid recovery on sitting or lying
115
What are symptoms of PCOS
Amenorrhoea Hirsutism Acne Male pattern hair loss
116
What is most common cause of infertility in women
PCOS
117
What is PCOS assocaited with
Hyperlipidaemia Obesity Insulin resistance
118
Genetic inheritance of PCOS
Autosomal dominant
119
How to differentiate bacterial conjunctivitis from viral
Yellow crust
120
3 types of cardiomyopathy
Restrictive Hypertrophic Dilated
121
What is restrictive cardiomyopathy
Ventricles are stiff so dont contract in response to filling
122
Causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy
Amyloidosis Sarcoid Haemochromatosis
123
What are general Sx of cardiomyopathy
Angina Syncope HF sx
124
Examination findings of HOCM
Jerky carotid pulse Ejection systolic murmur Double apex beat
125
What is most commonly used drug in alcohol withdrawal
Chlordiazepereoxide
126
What are auer rods seen in
AML
127
Who does ALL occur in
Children
128
What are smear and smudge cells seen in often
CLL
129
What blood cancer are warm agglutins seen in
CLL
130
What causes painful lymph nodes after drinking alcohol
Hodgkins lymphoma
131
What are painless enlarging lymph nodes seen in
Non hodgkins lymphoma
132
What are ringed sideroblasts seen in
Myelodysplasia
133
What blood cancer is no splenomegaly seen in
Myelodysplasia
134
Symptoms of gastritis
Epigastric pain Haematemesis Bloating Belching
135
Triad of normal pressure hydrocephalus
Gait disturbance Confusion/dementia Urinary incontinence
136
What is Tinels sign often associated with
Carpal tunnel syndrome
137
What is L'hermittes sign
If flex neck causes shooting pain down neck
138
What is also known as barber seat sign
L'hermitte
139
Where does pancreatic cancer often metastasise to
Liver | Local lymph nodes
140
Options for PRN AF
Flecainide | Sotalol
141
Which blood cancer is pruritus often associated with
hodgkins
142
Blood findings of ALL
Pancytopenia
143
Examination findings of ALL
Hepatosplenomegaly Lymphadenopathy Easy bruising Testicular swelling
144
What blood cancer is associated with testicular swelling
ALL
145
Investigation findings for ALL
FBC- pancytopenia Blood film- elevated lymphoblasts BM aspirate- Hypercellular bone marrow of over 20% of cells being lymphoblasts
146
What else can be measured in urine for phaeochromocytomas
VMA- vanillylmendelic acid
147
What does facial flushing often suggest in SBAs
Carcinoid syndrome
148
Causes of horners syndrome
Pancoast Stroke MS Carotid dissection
149
Causes of high SAAG
``` Constrictive pericarditis CHF Cirrhosis Budd chiari hepatic venous obstruction ```
150
Causes of low SAAG
``` Nephrotic syndrome Infection Cancer Pancreatitis BO ```
151
What time does haemophilia prolong
APTT
152
What are storage Sx also known as
Irritative
153
How can haemophilia present
Painful bleeding into muscles Painful bleeding into joints Excessive bleeding following trauma Random bleeding
154
What can be used to visualise an abdo aorta
US | Contrast CT needed tho to determine if leaking
155
What is hamptons hump
Wedge opacity
156
What is westermark sign
Regional oligoaemia
157
What is fleischner sign
Enlarged pulmonary artery
158
What determines if do primary anastamosis or hartmanns
If bowel is inflamed must do Hartmanns
159
What is CA 15-3 a marker for
Breast
160
What is CA 125 a marker for
Ovarian | Can be gastric
161
What is S100 a marker for
melanoma
162
What is calcitonin a marker for
Medullary thyroid cancer
163
What is thyroglobulin a marker for
Thyroid cancer
164
What is aFP a marker for
Liver cancer | Non seminoma testicular cancer
165
What is bHCG a marker for
Germ cell tumours | Choriocarcinoma
166
Where does spinal canal stenosis most commonly occur
Lumbar spine
167
What can cause spinal canal stenosis
Osteophytes from osteoarthritis or pagets Disk herniation Intrinsic cord tumours Trauma
168
What does stooped posture suggest
Spinal canal stenosis
169
How will a spinal canal stenosis patient be sat
Stooped over
170
What walking makes spinal canal stenosis worse
Walking downhill
171
Difference in signs between acute CES and chronic spinal canal stenosis
UMN in spinal canal stneosis | LMN in acute chord compression
172
What is UMN problem of bladder function
Detrusor hyperreflexia and sphincter dyssnergia
173
What is LMN problem of bladder involvement
Overflow incontinence
174
What is sphincter dyssnergia
Poor coordination between detrusor muscle and sphincter where detrusor contracts but instead of relaxing, the spincter contracts
175
What is the criteria for rheumatic fever
Jones
176
How does the jones criteria work
Need evidence of recent strep infection plus either 2 major criteria or 1 major and 2 minor
177
Major criteria in jones criteria
``` Arthritis Carditis Subcut nodules Erythema marginatum Sydenhams chorea ```
178
Minor jones criteria
``` Arthralgia Fever Raised CRP/ESR Prolonged PR Previous rheumatic fever ```
179
What is kussmals breathing
Deep sighing breaths
180
What is cheynes stokes breathing seen in
Brainstem damage or herniation
181
How can para aortic node testicular cancer mets present
Back pain
182
Which type of RF can fibrosis cause
T2 RF
183
Important distinction when have rectal bleeding
Work out if on paper, streaked on stool or within the stool
184
Where is blood in anal fissure
Blood streaked onto paper or
185
Who are anal fissures often seen in
Crohns patients
186
Where is blood in colorectal cancer
Mixed with the stool
187
What bleeding is UC
Painless
188
What happens to BNP in HF
Up
189
What is Giemsa stain used in
Malaria
190
Most common cause of travellers diarrorhoea
E coli
191
How does giardia present
Not with dysentery! Abdo cramps Foul smelling flatulence Belching
192
What happens if give ACEi to patient with bilateral renal artery stenosis
AKI
193
What tends to cause acute tubular necrosis
Hypovolaemia | Nephrotoxic drugs
194
What does acute interstitial nephritis present with
Nausea and vomiting Fever Rash AKI
195
What are other names given to tonic clonic seizures and absence seizures
tonic clonic- grand mal | absence- petit mal
196
What normally happens in absence seizures
Look blankly into distance Can be chewing or blinking rhymically Lasts a few seconds
197
When do mycoclonic seizures often occur
When wake up | Can be in clusters
198
What happens in a tonic clonic seizure
Go stiff and drop to floor Then start shaking, bladder incontinence, difficulty breathing Wake up confused and exhausted
199
What is platypnoea
SOB improved by lying flat
200
What is hepatopulmonary syndrome
When in liver disease there is reduced clearance of vasodilators leading to microscopic vasodilation in lungs. This causes hyperperfusion and hypoxaemia
201
What does platypnoea often present in
Hepatopulmonary syndrome | Right to left shunts like patent foramen ovale
202
Triad for behcets
Mouth ulcers Penile ulcers Uveitis
203
What are triphasic parts of churg strauss syndrome
Allergic Eosinophilic Vasculitic
204
What happens in allergic phase of churg strauss
Asthma | Allergic rhinitis
205
What happens in eosinophilic phase of churg strauss
Very high eosinophils
206
What happens in vasculitic phase of churg strauss
Myocardial inflammation | Reduced blood flow to heart leading to potential death
207
What are 3 types of gangrene
Wet Dry Gas
208
What is gas gangrene
When infection produces gas within gangrenous tissues
209
What is difference between dry and wet gangrene
Wet is infection
210
Most common cause of gas gangrene
S perfringens
211
What happens in gas gangrene
Large black sores which can have necrotic bullae
212
Gangrene with crepitus
Gas
213
What often causes necrotising fasciitis
S pyogenes | S aureus
214
Most common causes of cellulitis
S pyogenes | S aureus
215
Most common cause of orbital cellulitis
H influenzae
216
Bacteria causing biofilms on catheters and surgical implants
S epidermis that is normally commensal on skin
217
What scar is done in swim wear models in appendicectomy
Lanz as along bikini line
218
Which patients may have regular US to look for stones
Primary hyperaparathyroidism
219
What gives prurulent mucous
Lung abscesses | Bronchiectasis
220
How do lung abscess present
Swingnig fever | Prurulent cough
221
Why isnt tensilon test used that much
Risk of bradycardia
222
Pnemonic for microcytic anemia
``` TAILS Thalassaemia ACD IDA Lead poisoning Sideroblastic anemia ```
223
Pnemonic for normocytic anaemia
``` MR I CALM Marrow failure Renal failure IDA early Anaemia of Chronic disease Aplastic anaemia Leukaemia Myelofibrosis ```
224
What causes acanthosis nigricans
T2DM Cushings PCOS Paraneoplastic syndrome from gastro cancers
225
Why is acanthosis nigricans relevant to gastro exam
Paraneoplastic syndrome from gastro cancers
226
How does daibetic dermopathy appear
Slightly depressed reddish-brown patches which occur on the shins
227
Rash on shins with areas of reddened hardened skin with yellow centre
Necrobiosis lpoidica diabeticorum
228
Causes of gynaecomastia drugs
Cimetidine Oestrogens Digoxin Spironolactone
229
What causes intermittent claudication of the buttocks
Leriche syndrome- compression of the iliac arteries around area they branch off of aorta
230
What is presentation of leriche syndrome
Erectile dysfunction | Claudication of buttocks
231
Examination finding of leriche syndrome
Absent distal pulses
232
What relieves critical limb ischaemia pain
Dangling legs off end of bed
233
What causes pain in legs on walking or standing for too long
Spinal canal stenosis
234
Parkinsons gait
Narrow feet Shuffling feet Reduced arm swinging
235
Complications of UC
Toxic megacolon | Adenocarcinoma
236
Complications of crohns
``` Abscesses Fistula Adhesions Strictures Obstruction Perforation ```
237
Barium follow through of crohns
Rose-thorn ulcers | Cobblestone mucosa
238
How does aspirin OD present in SBAs
``` Hyperventilation Tinnitus Deafness Fever Sweating ```
239
What is it called when fever of hodgkins lymphoma is cyclical
Pel ebstein
240
What is tumour lysis syndrome
Occurs when chemo treatment leads to lysis of lots of tumour cells releasing their electrolytes
241
What does TLS most commonly occur in
Lymphoma and leukaemia
242
What are metabolic findings of tumour lysis syndrome
High K+ High PO4 High uric acid Low Ca
243
Where in oesophagus do varices occur
Lower 1/3
244
What is duct ectasia
When a duct benignly grows outwards blocking other ducts
245
What produces cheesy yellow discharge from nipple
Duct ectasia
246
Cavitating lesions in lung causes
Infections- staph aureus, TB, mycetoma, klebsiella Inflammatory- wegners Cancer- SqCC
247
4 components of general AKI management
Protecting from hyperkalaemia Optimising fluid balance Assessing need for dialysis Stopping any nephrotoxic drugs
248
Most common preceding infection of GBS
Campylobacter
249
Most common causes of SBP
Ecoli | Klebsiella
250
Presentation of staph aureus pneumonia
Normally proceeds a flu like illness that weakens the lungs
251
Where do melanomas normally develop from
A naevus- described as mole like
252
What test is diagnostic for UTI
MSU as UTI defined as pure growth of over 10 ^5 colonies of units per ml of MSU
253
What is difference between NF1 and 2
NF1 is more peripheral and affects skin | NF2 affects centrally causing gliomas, meningiomas and vestibular schwannomas
254
Tumours associated with NF2
gliomas, meningiomas and bilateral vestibular schwannomas
255
How do vestibular schwannomas present
Tinnitus | Hearing loss
256
What does NF1 present with
Cafe au lait spots Axillary freckles Neurocutaneous fibromas
257
5 As of ankylosing spondylitis
``` Aortic regurg Achilles tendonitis Anterior uveitis Apical lung fibrosis Amyloidosis ```
258
Pnemonic for erythema nodosum causes
LOST BUSH
259
Causes of erythema nodosum
``` Lymphoma (non-hodgkins), leukaemia Oral pill Sarcoidosis, sulphonamides TB, toxoplasmosis Behcets UC (crohns too) Salmonella, strep infections Histoplasmosis ```
260
2 reasons UTIs more common in women
Short urethra | Closer to anus where bacteria can migrate
261
What is best test to visualise extent of small bowel involvement in crohns
Barium follow through
262
Skin findings in TB
Erythema nodosum | Lupus vulgaris
263
What is lupus vulgaris
Cutaneous TB finding with crusted lesions all over face
264
What is lupus vulgaris seen in
TB
265
Cardiac causes of clubbing
Congenital cyanotc heart disease Atrial myxoma Subacute bacterial endocarditis Tetralogy of fallot
266
What is tuberous sclerosis
Occurs when multiple benign tumours develop all over the body
267
What causes a haemopericardium
MI Trauma Aneurysm rupture
268
What is most common cause of septic arthritis in children
H influenzae
269
What commonly causes septic arthrits in the elderly
E coli
270
What commonly causes septic arthritis in IV drug users
E coli
271
When do CKD symptoms tend to present
When GFR is less than 30
272
Common CKD symptoms
``` Anorexia N&V Fatigue Pruritus Muscle cramps Pulmonary oedema ```
273
What test is used to diagnose SVC syndrome
Pembertons
274
Why do you get pulsus alternans in left ventricular failure
When failing left ventricle there is small ejection fraction so large end diastolic volume that causes increased stretching of heart muscle and so strong next contraction
275
What is buffalo hump another word for
Interscapula fat pad
276
Why are NSAIDS contraindicated in chronic HF
Can cause sodium and water reabsorption | Also can be nephrotoxic leading to even more damage to hypperfused kidneys
277
Example of ling term nitrate used in afrocarribeans with HF
Isoborbide nitrate
278
Does digoxin improve mortality in HF
no
279
What are 4 antibodies seen in AIH
ANA ASMA ASLA- type 1 ALKM 1- type 2
280
What is ASLA
Anti soluble liver antigen
281
What is ALKM1
Anti liver kidney microsome 1
282
How does pagets disease of the breast present
Eczema like hardening of the skin over the nipple
283
What causes eczema like hardening over the breast
Pagets disease of the breast normally secondary to underlying breast cancer
284
What causes pagets disease of the breast
Underlying cancer
285
What normally causes TIAs
Atrial fibrillation Carotid athersoclerosis Valve vedgetations from artificial valves or infective endocarditis DVT with atrial septal defect
286
What is a paradoxical embolism
When DVT goes through atrial septal defect leading to TIA/stroke
287
What are you looking for in echo of TIA
Vedgetations on heart valves | Atrial septal defect
288
Drugs causing pancreatitis
Thiazides Azathioprine Sodium valproate
289
How is PCP diagnosed
Sputum microscopy | BAL
290
How does PCP present
Fever Dry cough SOBOE especially noted when walking using pulse oximeter
291
What are spherocytes seen in
Hereditary spherocytosis | Haemolysis
292
What is waterlow scoring system used for
Pressure sores
293
What can be used on top of abx for meningitis treatment
Dexamethasone to reduce swelling
294
Other than cancer what else is tenesmus felt in
UC in exacerbations
295
What is pyoderma gangrenosum seen in
Wegners Myeloma IBD RA
296
Associated features around venous ulcers
Stasis excema Haemosediren deposition Liodermatosclerosis
297
What ulcers are calloused edges seen in
Neuropathic
298
What gene is sarcoidosis linked to
HLA B27
299
What is cervical spondylosis
Degenerative process in intervertebral discs and cervical vertebra
300
Presentation of cervical spondylosis
Weakness in arms | Neck and arm pain
301
What is a jacksonian march
When an area of electrical stimulation in cerebral cortex marches across the brain and consequently is felt as a marching across your body
302
What can severe B12 deficiency result in
Psyciatric effects like depression and psychosis
303
What is lupus anticoagulant
Antibody produced against phospholipids in platelets
304
What 2 antibodies are tested for in antiphospholipid syndrome
Lupus anticoagulant | Anti cardiolipin
305
What clotting time does lupus anticoagulant affect
APTT
306
What clotting time does APL syndrome affect
APTT
307
What is sign called when nodding head
De mussets
308
In triple therapy for H pylori how often must medication be taken
Twice daily
309
If triple therapy doesnt work for peptic ulces what is second line tx
Different variation of Abx or bismuth compound
310
Most common lung cancer in smokers
Small cell carcinoma
311
2 best tests for cystic fibrosis
Sweat test showing high chloride | Faecal elastase showing loss of pancreatice exocrine function

Year 3 Conditions (33 decks)

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