Derm Flashcards
1
Q
What are small flat skin lesions
A
Macule
2
Q
What are large flat skin lesions
A
Patch
3
Q
What are raised small skin lesions called
A
papule
4
Q
What are large raised skin lesions called
A
Nodule
5
Q
What is fluid filled lesion called that is less than .5cm
A
Vesicle
6
Q
What is a pus filled skin lesion called
A
Pustule
7
Q
What is a large fluid filled skin lesion called
A
Bulla
8
Q
Buzz words for skin SCC
A
Hyperkeratotic Scaly/crusty Ulcerated Non-healing Rolled edges
9
Q
What is a rolled edge to a skin lesion
A
Like a volcano in that top is raised
10
Q
What is precancerous form of skin SCC
A
Actinic keratosis
11
Q
RFx skin SCC and BCC
A
UV
FHx
Lighter skin
Immunosuppression
12
Q
Where do skin SCC invade
A
Locally to dermis
13
Q
Where do skin SCC and melanoma metastasise to
A
Lung
Bone
Liver
Brain
14
Q
Buzzwords for skin BCC
A
Central fine Telengiectasia Nodule Pearly and rolled edges Central ulcer
15
Q
What is another word for central ulcer in skin BCC
A
Rodent ulcer
16
Q
Where do BBC metastasise
A
They dont normally
17
Q
What is invasion of skin BCC
A
Very slow
Local into dermis
18
Q
What are the 4 types of skin BCC
A
Nodular
Morpheic- scar like with yellow waxy plaque
Pigmented- dense colour with specks of colour
Superficial- flat shape
19
Q
Buzzwords for melanoma skin characteristics
A
A-E Asymmetry Border- irregular Colour- pigmented Diameter- >6mm Evolution- odd developing shape and size
20
Q
What can happen to melanomas
A
Crust over
Itchy
Ulcerate
Bleed
21
Q
What are 4 types of melanoma
A
Superficial spreading
Lentigo maligna- flat lesions on face in elderly
Nodular- domed shaped, rapid growth
Acral lentiginous- seen on palms, soles and nail beds of non caucasians
22
Q
Initial bedside test for skin cancers
A
Dermatoscope
23
Q
Blood tests for skin cancer
A
Calcium
ALP
LFTs
24
Q
Imaging for skin cancers
A
CT/MRI/PET to image
Biopsy
25
What is breslow thickness
Looks at how deep melanomas have invaded- done on biopsy
| Indicator for prognosis
26
What are melanocytic naevi
Benign neoplasms of melanocytes
27
When do melanocytic naevi develop
Congenital- happens during teenage years
28
How is a melanocytic naevi described
Symmetrical
Flat
Regular borders
29
What separates melanomas for melanocytic naevi
Doesnt bleed, itchy, ulcerate or crust over
30
What is other word for eczema
Dermatitis
31
What type of conditin is eczema
Inflammatory not autoimmune
32
Where does atopic eczema occur on body
Flexor surfaces
33
How is eczema described
Dry skin
Itchy
Erythematous
34
What is lichenification
Thickened skin
35
What is long term appearance of eczema
Lichenification
36
What are RFx for atopic eczema
Atopy FHx or PMHx
| Filaggrin gene mutation
37
Triggers for eczema
```
Soap, shampoo
Food allergies
Pollen
House dust mites
Pets
```
38
What can cause contact dermatitis
Nickel and latex
39
How does discoid dermatitis appear
Coin shaped lesions
40
What is distribution of seborrheic dermatitis
Around scalp, eyebrows, nasolabial area- cradle cap
41
What is distribution of dyshidrotic dermatitis
Palms and plantars
42
What is medical emergency eczema
Eczema herpeticum as can disseminate
43
What causes eczema herpeticum
Normally HSV-1
44
How are psoriasis lesions described
Purple silvery plaques
Dry and flaky
Itchy and painful
45
What is distribution of psoriasis
Extensors and scalp
46
Psoriasis nail changes
Onocholysis
Pitting
Subungual hyperkeratosis
47
Triggers of psoriasis
Stress
Smoking
Alcohol
48
What are subtypes of psoriasis
```
Guttate
Flexural
Pustular
Erythodermic
Plaque- most common that is typically described
```
49
How does guttate psoriasis appear
Rain drop plaques
50
When do you get guttate plaques
2 weeks post strep
51
Where do you get flexural plaques
Body folds- axilla, groin, perianal area
52
What happens in pustular psoriasis
Plaques and pustules all over feet and hands
53
What is the medical emergency of psoriasis
Erythodermic- end up on ITU most likely
54
What happens in erythodermic psoriasis
Systemic body redness and inflammation
55
What is danger of erythodermic psoriasis
Temperature dysregualtion
| Electrolyte imbalances
56
Bedside test for contact eczema
Skin patches on back
57
What is blood test for atopic eczema
IgE RAST
58
What is skin test for eczema
Skin prick- done on arm
59
What bacteria most commonly causes cellulitis
Strep pyogenes
| Staph aureus
60
How do cellulitis and erysipelas lesions present
```
Acute onset
Painful
Hot
Swollen
Red
```
61
Difference between cellulitis and erysipelas in terms of site
Dermis and sub cut tissue affected in cellulitis
| Epidermis is only affected in erysipelas
62
Difference between cellulitis and erysipelas in terms of borders
Cellulitis much more patchy whereas erysipelas is well dermacated
63
Sysetmic features of erysipelas and cellulitis
Systemic features more common in erysipelas- fevers and rigors
64
What is sepsis more common in cellulitis or eysipelas
Cellulitis
65
RFx for cellulitis and erysipelas
Wounds and uclers
Bites
IV cannula
Immunosuppressed
66
Complications of cellulitis
```
Abscess
SEPSIS
Necrotising fasciitis- surgical emergency
Periorbital cellulitis
Orbital cellulitis
```
67
Management of periorbital cellulitis
IV ABx
68
Mangement of orbital cellulitis
IV ABx
| Surgical decompression as vision can be affected
69
Investigations for cellulitis and erysipelas
```
Bedside
- skin swa MCS
Bloods
- FBC- high WCC
- CRP- high
- blood cultures
```
70
When is only time would do imaging in cellulitis
Orbital cellulitis- CT/MRI
71
Conservative management of cellulitis and erysipelas
Draw around lesion
Oral fluids and, painkillers
Monitor obs
72
Medical management of cellulitis and erysipelas
Oral abx- flucloxacillin
| IV abx- co-amoxiclav
73
When is only time give IV abx cellulitis and erysipelas
Severe or near eyes
74
Why would you admit a cellulitis or erysipelas patient
High HR
High RR
Low BP
GCS in bin
75
What is erythema nodosum
Inflammation of erythema nodosum
76
Causes of erythema nodosum
```
Infections
- TB
- HIV
- Strep pyogenes
Systemic disease
- sarcoid
- behcets
- IBD
Drugs
- sulphonamides
Pregnancy
```
77
Characteristics of erythema nodosum lesions
Bilateral
Tender
Red
78
What is erythema multiforme
Inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes- TIV hypersensitivity
79
Causes of erythema multiforme
Herpes
Mycoplasma
HIV
Sulphonamides
80
What is distribution of erythema multiforme
Start on hands then spread
81
How does erythema multiforme appear
Target lesions with central vesicle
Ring of pallor
Ring of erythema
82
Symptoms of erythema multiforme
Prodrome of fever and aches
Tender
Itchy
Painful
83
What are target lesions with prodrome of fever and aches
Erythema multiforme
84
Most common cause of erythema multiforme
HSV 1-2
85
What are 2 types of erythema multiforme
EM minor- skin
| EM- major- skin and mucosas
86
Molluscum contagiosum lesion
Smooth papule
Umbilicated
Painless but itchy
87
Risk factors for molloscum contagiosum
Immunocompromised
88
Transmission of molloscum contagiosum
Swimming pools
| Sex
89
Investigations for erythema nodosum, multiforme and molloscum contagiosum
HIV
| Test for underlying cause
90
What is key risk factor for SqCC skin
Immunosuppression
