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LC Ecology Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Sun

A

Primary source of energy for our planet

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2
Q

Feeding

A

Allows energy to be passed on in an ecosystem from one organism to the next

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3
Q

2 types of feeding

A

Producer (autotrophs)

Consumer (heterotrophs)

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4
Q

Producer

A

Organism that carried out photosynthesis

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5
Q

Consumer

A

Organism that takes in food from another organism

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6
Q

Chemical equation for photosynthesis

A

CO2 + H2O -Sun+Chlorophyll-> Food(Glucose) + O2

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7
Q

Chemical equation for energy release in plants

A

Food + O2 -> CO2 + H2O + a Energy

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8
Q

Examples of producers

A

Plants
Seaweed (algae)
Some bacteria

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9
Q

Types of consumers

A 
Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore
Detritus feeder
Decomposer
Scavenger
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10
Q

Herbivore

A

Eats plants only e.g rabbit

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11
Q

Carnivore

A

Eats animals only e.g lion

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12
Q

Omnivore

A

Eats both plants and animals e.g humans

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13
Q

Detritus feeder

A

Feeds on remains of dead and decomposing organisms e.g maggots

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14
Q

Decomposer

A

Feeds on dead organic matter e.g bacteria

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15
Q

Scavenger

A

Feeds on animals killed by another source

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16
Q

Grazing food chain

A

Starts with a living plant

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17
Q

Detritus food chain

A

Starts with dead organic matter

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18
Q

Trophic level

A

The feeding stage of an organism in a food chain

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19
Q

Example of a grazing food chain

A

Grass-> Rabbit-> Fox

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20
Q

Example of a detritus food chain

A

Fallen leaves -> Earthworm -> Black bird -> Cat

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21
Q

Food web

A

A series of interlinked food chains

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22
Q

Food chain

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A

A one to one series of organisms, with each organism feeding on the previous member

23
Q

Niche

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A

The role an organism plays in the community

24
Q

Pyramid of numbers

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A

A representation of the number of organisms at each trophic level

25
Example of a niche
Top predator lion
26
Capture Recapture method
Method of estimating the number of animals in a habitat
27
Steps to the Capture Recapture method
1. Trap a number of animals. Record how many + mark each one. 2. Release the animal again. 3. 2-3 days later trap more of the same type of animal. 4. Record how many you catch and how many have marks. 5. Estimate the population by using the population estimate formula.
28
Population estimate formula
C1 + C2 / M2 ( C1 = Number Caught 1st time, C2 = Number Caught 2nd time, M2 = Number marked 2nd time)
29
2 main elements in nutrient cycle
Carbon cycle | Nitrogen cycle
30
2 main causes of global warming
Burning of fossil fuels | Deforestation
31
Nutrient recycling
The way in which elements are exchanged between the living and non-living components of an ecosystem.
32
The use of nitrogen
``` Production of: protein DNA RNA Nucleic acid ```
33
Nitrogen in the cycle
Nitrogen in the air is inert and can't be used by plants and animals directly.
34
Nitrogen fixation
Process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia, ammonium and nitrate
35
Nitrogen fixation is carried out by who/what?
bacteria in the soil, lightning volcanic activity
36
Decomposition
Dead plants and animals are broken down by fungi and bacteria. This process produces ammonia.
37
Nitrification
Conversion of ammonia and ammonium to nitrites then to nitrates
38
Denitrification
Conversion of nitrates to nitrogen gas
39
Four processes in the nitrogen cycle
Nitrogen fixation, decomposition, nitrification, denitrification
40
Pollution
Any harmful addition to the environment
41
Pollutant
Harmful additions to the environment
42
Conservation
The wise management of the existing natural resources in an ecosystem, in order to maintain a wide range of habitats and prevents the death and extinction of organism
43
Ozone depletion: pollutant
CFC
44
Ozone depletion:Effects of CFC
Increases skin cancer, cataracts, weaken immunity Damages crops and plants Plankton depletion: effects food chain, possibly less oxygen
45
Ozone depletion: Control CFC
Replaced w/hydrofluorocarbons Products containing CFC should not be used Fridges are disposed in an environmentally friendly way
46
Slurry
Liquid waste produced by animals
47
Eutrophication
Addition of nutrients to fresh water
48
Waste management:agriculture
Slurry is dumped in lakes algae grows (algal bloom) When it dies it absorbs oxyegn -> oxygen depletion Causes eutrophication Animals die Slurry is spread on dry land during the summer for the provision of nutrients
49
Waste management: Fisheries
Remains: heads, tails, fins, intestines, diluted blood, etc. Pulped and dried Fed to pigs or used as fertilizer
50
Waste management: Forestry
Treetops and sawdust - processed to make wood products Small branches - forest floor help machines move Stumps, roots - rot naturally, feed for the next generation of trees
51
Problems with waste disposal
Spread of disease in water supplies Nutrients from waste in water -> eutrophication Landfill - unsightly, attracts rats Incinerators - release toxic fumes
52
Sewage: primary treatment
Screened Filtered Removes large objects
53
Sewage: Secondary treatment
Biological treatment Bacteria and fungi breaks down most of the organic matter Remains treated with chloride
54
Sewage: Tertiary Treatment
Remove mineral nutrient e.g phosphate and nitrate

Biology (27 decks)

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