Defence System

Question 1

Pathogen

Answer 1

An organism that causes disease

Question 2

Immunity

Answer 2

The ability to resist infection

Question 3

General defence system

Answer 3

Acts as a barrier to all pathogens attempting to gain entry to the human body

Question 4

First line of general defence

Answer 4

Skin
Mucous
Lysozome
Acid

Question 5

First line of defence:skin

Answer 5

Structural barrier which prevents the entry of infections

Question 6

First line of defence:mucus

Answer 6

Traps pathogens in sticky mucus and stops it from entering the body

Question 7

First line of defence:Lysozome

Answer 7

Enzyme in sweat tears and saliva that dissolves the cell walls of bacteria

Question 8

First line of defence:Hydrochloric acid

Answer 8

Acidic solution attacks and kills the pathogen

Question 9

Second line of defence

Answer 9

Phagocytic white blood cells;phagocytes,macrophages
Defence proteins;complement, interferons
Inflammation

Question 10

Phagocytic white blood cells

Answer 10

White blood cell that engulfs ans destroys pathogens -phagocytes
Larges phagocytes- macrophages
Some in bloodstream others stay in spleen or lymph nodes

Question 11

Defence protein: Complement

Answer 11

A set of proteins activated in an infection that destroys pathogens and viruses

Question 12

Defence proteins: Interferons

Answer 12

A set of proteins that prevent/INTERFERE WITH the growth of viral infections e.g colds and influenza

Question 13

Second line of defence:inflammation

Answer 13

Chemicals are released to dilate capillaries and make it more porous to allow more white blood cells.
Generates heat and kills the bacteria

Question 14

Specific defence system

Answer 14

Attacks particular pathogens

Question 15

Third line of defence

Answer 15

Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Antibodies

Question 16

Monocytes

Answer 16

Mature in macrophages
Engulf the pathogens and display the antigens found on the pathogen on its own surface
Causes antibodies to be produced

Question 17

Lymphocytes

Answer 17

Attack cells with antigens on its surface OR
Makes antibodies
Lymphocyte B and T cells

Question 18

Antigen

Answer 18

A foreign molecule that stimulates the production of antibodies

Question 19

Antibodies

Answer 19

A protein produced by white blood cells in response to a specific antigen

Question 20

Induced immunity

Answer 20

The ability to resist disease caused by a specific pathogen by the production of antibodies

Question 21

Active immunity

Answer 21

Involves the production of a person’s own antibodies in response to foreign antigens that enter the body

Question 22

Natural active immunity

Answer 22

Occurs when a pathogen enters the body in a normal/natural way

Question 23

Artificial active immunity

Answer 23

Occurs when a pathogen is mediaclly introduced to the body

Question 24

Vaccine

Answer 24

A non disease causing dose of the pathogen which triggers the production of antibodies

Question 25

Passive immunity

Answer 25

Occurs when individuals are given the antibodies that were formed by another organism

Question 26

Natural passive immunity

Answer 26

Ccurs when a child gets antibodies from its mother

Question 27

Artificial passive immunity

Answer 27

When a person is given an injection containing antibodies made by another organism

Question 28

Lymphocyte T cells

Answer 28

``` Mature in Thymus gland Killer T cells Helper T cells Suppressor T cells Memory T cells ```

Question 29

Lymphocyte B cells

Answer 29

Mature in Bone marrow Plasma B cells Memory B cells

Question 30

Plasma B cells

Answer 30

Produce antibodies

Question 31

Memory B cells

Answer 31

Survive for years after the infection is eliminated and can make the specific antibody if the same infection later enters the body

Question 32

Helper T cells

Answer 32

Stimulates B cells and killer T cells

Question 33

Killer T cells

Answer 33

Destroy abnormal human body cells

Question 34

Suppressor T cells

Answer 34

Inhibit the immune response

Question 35

Memory T cells

Answer 35

Survived for years after the infection is eliminated and can stimulate the specific B cells and killer T cells if the same infection later enters the body