LE 1 - PARA Flashcards by

1 It is the infective stage of the S. Stercoralis parasite to man.
A. Adult worm
B. Filariform stage
C. Eggs
D. Rhabditiform stage

B. Filariform stage

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The usual manner of transmission by the parasite is by skin penetration.
A. S. stercoralis & N. americanus
B. A. lumbricoides & S. stercoralis
C. All choices are correct
D. T. trichiura & C. philippinensis

A. S. stercoralis & N. americanus

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3 With iron deficiency, hookworm infection can cause which type of anemia?
A. Normocytic normochormoc
B . Microcity hyperchromic
C. Microcytic Hypochromic
D. Megaloblastic

C. Microcytic Hypochromic

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Habitat is the small intestine
A. Ascaris Lumbricoides
B. Necator americanus
C. Trichuris trichuria
D. Ascaris lubricoides and Necator americanus

D. Ascaris lubricoides and Necator americanus

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The adults and mugrating larvae are the pathogenic stages of
A. Trichuris trichuria and Capillaria philippinensis
B. Ascaris lumbricoides and Strongyloides stercoralis
C. Strongyloides stercoralis and Enterobius vermicularis
D. All of the choices are correct

B. Ascaris lumbricoides and Strongyloides stercoralis

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Trauma is considered as
A. Environment
B. Host
C. Host and Agent
D. Agent

D. Agent

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Eggs found in feces are peanut shaped with a striated and inconspicuous flattened bipolar plugs and are unembryonated when passed in
A. Capillaria philippinensis
B. Ascaris lumbricoides
C. Strongyloides stercoralis
D. Necator americanus

A. Capillaria philippinensis

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For specific antihelminthic
treatment, the most practical and effective drugs are?
A. Albendazole and Mebendazole
B. Albendazole and Pyrantel pamoate
C. Mebendazole and thiabendazole
D. Mebendazole and piperazine

A. Albendazole and Mebendazole

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Each of the following statements concerning hookworm infection is correct except
A. Hookworm infection can be diagnosed by finding the trophozoite in the stool
B. Hookworm infection can cause pneumonia
C. Hookworm infection is acquired by humans when filariform larvae penetrate the skin
D. Hookworm infection is acquired by humans when filariform larvae penetrate the skin

A. Hookworm infection can be diagnosed by finding the trophozoite in the stool

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The infective stage to man is the embroyonated egg
A. Enterobius vermicularis
B. Trichuris trichiura
C. All the choices are correct
D. Capillaria philipppinensis

C. All the choices are correct

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Parasite containing external skeleton
A. Protozoan
B. Helminth
C. none of the choices are correct
D. Arthropod

D. Arthropod

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Known as the father of modern tropical medicine
A. Manson
B. Ross
C. Logan
D. McConnel

A. Manson

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13 Stain used for fixation and examination of protozoa
A. Safranin
B. Acid Fast
C. Trichrome
D. Gram

C. Trichrome

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14 Multicellular endoparasite
A. Protozoa
B. Helminthes
C. Arthropods
D. All of the choices are correct

D. All of the choices are correct

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Ticks and lice
A. All of the choices are correct
B. Helminthes
C. anthropods
D. Protozoa

C. anthropods

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Tropical region is attributed to
A. Agent
b. Environment
c. Host
d. environment and agent

b. Environment

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Tropical agent is attributed to,
a. agent
b. environment
c. host
d. environment and agent

d. environment and agent

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The parasite has cephalic alae.
a. Capillaria philippinesis
b. Enterobius vermicularis
c. Ascaris lumbricoides
d. Necator americanus

b. Enterobius vermicularis

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19 Externally infecting parasite
A. Helminthes
B. Anthropods
C. Protozoa
D. All of the choices are correct

B. Anthropods

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20 housing is a factor of
A. environment
B. agent
C. host
D. environment and host

A. environment

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21 Nematode causing rectal prolapse
A. Roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides)
B. Tapeworm (Taenia saginata )
C. Whipworm (Trichuris trichuria)
D. Hookworm

D. Whipworm

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a living organism that acquires some of its basic nutritional requirements through its intimate contact with another living organism.
a. None of the choices are correct
b. both parasite and host
c. Parasite
d. Host

c. Parasite

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First who discovered Paragonimus
A. Manson
B. McConnel
C. Logan
D. Ringer

D. Ringer

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Scientist who was recognized for his work on protozoan and its associated diseases
A. Alphonse Laveran
B. Patrick Manson
C. Robert Ross
D. Robert Look

A. Alphonse Laveran

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25. Geophagia or pica may be seen in heavy infection with A. necator americanus B. enterobius vermicularis C. Ascaris lumbricoides D. Trichuris triciura

D. Trichuris triciura

26. Nematodes that are present in large intestine A. A. duodenale and N. americanus B. E.vermicularis and T. trichiura C. A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura D. E. vermicularis and S. stercoralis

D. E. vermicularis and S. stercoralis

27. Associated with Nocturnal Pruritus Ani A. Trichuris trichuria B. Necator americanus C. Ascaris lumbricoides D. Enterobius vermicularis

D. Enterobius vermicularis

28. Example of vertical transmission of disease A. Chlonorchiasis B. Ascariasis C. Toxoplasmosis D. Arthropod infection

C. Toxoplasmosis

29. Taking mebendazole twice a year is manipulating the A. None of the choices are correct B. Environment C. agent D. Host

C. agent

30. Each of the following statements concerning Ascaris lumbricoides is correct EXCEPT: A. Both dogs and cats are intermediate hosts of A. lumbricoides B. A. lumbricoides is one of the largest nematode C. A. lumbricoides can cause pneumonia D. A. lumbricoides is transmitted by ingestion of eggs.

A. Both dogs and cats are intermediate hosts of A. lumbricoides

31. Used to demonstrate third stage lariform larvae which helps in distinguish A. duodenale and N. americanus A Harada Mori Method B. Direct Wet microscospy C. Elisa Method D. Stool Examination

A Harada Mori Method

32. Produces ground itch in man: A. Ascaris lumbricoides B. Necator americanus C. Enterobius vermicularis D. Trichuris triciura

B. Necator americanus

33. Egg is barrel-shaped with projecting colorless mucus plug at each pole containing an unsegmented ovum A. Ascaris lumbricoides B. Trichuris trichiura C. Enterobius vermicularis D. Necator americanus

B. Trichuris trichiura

34. Belong to Phylum Platyhelminthes A. hookworm B. flukes C. none of the choices are correct D. tapeworm

D. tapeworm

35. What parasite/s may produce Loeffler's syndrome to man? A. Trichuris trichiura B. Necator americanus C. Enterobius vernicularis D. Ascaris lumbricoises

D. Ascaris lumbricoises

6. Type of host where parasites thrive through sporulation A. Intermediate host B. All of the choices are correct C. Indefinite host D. Definitive host

A. Intermediate host

37. Each of the following parasite is transmitted by mosquitoes except: A. Plasmodium falciparum B. Leishmania donovani C. Plasmodium vivax D. Wuchereria bancrofti

B. Leishmania donovani

38. Example of protozoa A. Schizsostoma B. Apicomplexa C. Ticks D. Mastigura

B. Apicomplexa

39. Mode of infection is through inhilation of dust containing eggs A. A. Lumbricoides and E. vermicularis B. A. Duodenale and N. Americanus C. E. vermicularis and S. stercoralis D. A.Lumbricoides and T. Trichuris

A. A. Lumbricoides and E. vermicularis

40. Man acquires E.vermicularis infection by means of A. Mosquito Bite and Skin Penetration B. Autoinfection only C. Skin Penetration and Autoinfection D. Contaminated Fingers and Autoinfection

D. Contaminated Fingers and Autoinfection

41. It is equally beneficial type of host-agent relationship A. None of the choices are correct B. Parasitism C. Commensalism D. Mutualism

D. Mutualism

42 Rhabditiform larva is the diagnostic stage of this infection A. Capillariasis B. Hookworm C. Cochin China Diarrhea D. Trichuriasis

B. Hookworm - Both major species of hookworm that infect humans, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus, have rhabditiform larvae in their life cycle, which can be found in feces.

43. True of parasitic infection A. occult manifestation may occur B. It is always present with clinical manifestation C. Host does emanate a reaction against the agent E. AOTA

A. occult manifestation may occur

44. Parasites with bile stained eggs are A. A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura B. C. phillipinensis and T. Trichiura C. E. vermicularis and S. stercoralis D. A. duodunale and N. americanus

A. A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura

45. All parasites need carrier to cause infection. A. True B. False

B. False

46. the manner of transmission of the parasite is by ingestion of the embryonated egg A. ascaris lumbricoides and strongyloides stercoralis B. All of the choices are correct C. ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris trichiura D. strongyloides stercoralis and necator americanuns

C. ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris trichiura

47. Host is synonymous to vector A. True B. False

B. False

48. The following statements are true regarding some of the distinguishing features between A. duodenale and N. americanus except A. N. americanus is smaller and slender than A. duodenale B. Caudal spine in adult female is present in A. duodenale C. Life span for A. duodenale is from 2-7 years while N. americanus is 4-20 yrs D. Pulmonary reaction is less common in a A. duodenale than N. Americanus

A. N. americanus is smaller and slender than A. duodenale

49. Genetic component can be related to: A. Host B. Environment C. Agent D. Agent and Host

A. Host

50 Exemplified by a flatworm A. Protozoa B. Helminthes C. all of choices are correct D. Arthropods

B. Helminthes

51. Pigs or dogs are sources of human infection by each of the following parasites, except: A. Taenia solium B. Ascaris lumbricoides C. Trichinella spiralis D. Echinococcus granulosus

D. Echinococcus granulosus

52 Parasite/s that lay eggs containing larvae A. A.lumbricoides and T. trichiura B. E.vermicularis and S. stercolaris C. A. duodenale and N. americanus D. E.vermicularis

C. A. duodenale and N. americanus

53. Each of the of the following statements concerning Strongyloides stercoralis is correct EXCEPT: A. Migrating larvae of S. stercoralis induce a marked eosinophilia B. S. stercoralis undergoes a free-living life cycle in soil C. S.stercoralis produces filariform larvae D. S.stercoralis is acquired by ingestion of eggs

D. S.stercoralis is acquired by ingestion of eggs

54. The adult worm of Capillaria philippinensis inhabits particularly the A. jejunum B. Cecum C. Iluem D. Duodenum

A. jejunum

55. Microscopic technique used for helminthes A. kato katz B. KOH stain C. Wet Mount D. None of the choices are correct

A. kato katz

56. Applying mosquito repellant is an example of A. Agent B. Agent and host C. Host D. Environment

C. Host

57. Gold standard for the diagnosis of parasitic infection A. ELISA B. Biopsy C. Culture D. Microscopy

D. Microscopy

58. What parasite whose migrating larvae break the pulmonary capillaries of man? A. Capillaria philippinensis B. Enterobius vermicularis C. Ascaris lumbricoides D. Necator americanus

A. Capillaria philippinensis

59. Illustrated the malarial life cycle A. Ross B. Donovan C. Manson D. Laveran

A. Ross

60. Parasite is considered ovovivivparous, which lay eggs containing fully formed larvae and hatch out immediately. A. Trichuris trichuria B. Strongyloides stercoralis C. Ascaris lumbricoides D. Necator americanus

B. Strongyloides stercoralis

61. Known as Chaga's disease. A. Leishmania donovani B. Schistosoma japonicum C. Ascaris lumbricoides D. Trypanosoma cruzi

D. Trypanosoma cruzi

62. Nematodes that are known not showing systemic migration in man A. Anclyostoma duodenale and Nicator americanus B. Ascaris lumbricoides and strongyloides stercoralis C. Enterobius vermicularis and Trichuris trichiuria D. Capillaria philippinensis and Ascaria lumbricoides

C. Enterobius vermicularis and Trichuris trichiuria

63. The parasite/s that is/are associated with fish A. Trichuris trichiura B. Necator Americanus C. Enterobius vermicularis and Trichuris trichuria D. Capillaria philippinensis and Ascaria lumbricoides

D. Capillaria philippinensis and Ascaria lumbricoides

64. Each of the following statements concerning difference between subclass Adenophores and Secernentea A. Phasmid or the caudal sensory structure is present in Adenophorea while absent in Secernentea B. 1st larva stage is the infective stage in Adenophorea while 3rd larva stage in Secernentea C. Lateral canals in excretory system is absent in Adenophorea while present in Secernentea D. Caudal pappilae are numerous in Sercernentea absent or few in Adenophorea

A. Phasmid or the caudal sensory structure is present in Adenophorea while absent in Secernentea

65. Zoonosis implies parasitic infection impacting humans and animals absent in Secernentea A. True B. False

A. True

66. Each of the following statements concerning hookworm infection is correct, EXCEPT: a. Hookworm infection is caused by Necator americanus b. hookworm infection is acquired by humans when filariform larvae penetrates the skin c. hookworm infection can be diagnosed by fonding the trophozite in the stool d. hookworm infection can cause anemia

c. hookworm infection can be diagnosed by fonding the trophozite in the stool

67. Nematodes that are known not showing systemic migration in man A. Capillaria philippinensis and ascaris lumbricoides B. ancylostoma duodenalis and necator americanus C. ascaris lumbricoides and strongyloides stercoralis D. Enterobius vermicularis and trichuris trichuria

D. Enterobius vermicularis and trichuris trichuria

68. Ticks are considered A. Helminthes B. protozoan C. Arthropod D. Disease vehicle

C. Arthropod

69 discovered mosquito is a vector A. McConnel B. Ross C. Logan D. Manson

B. Ross

70 An example of direct method that is used to demonstrate thrid stage lariform larvae which help in distinguishing A. duodenale and N.americanus A. Blood examination B. Harada mori C. Direct wet microscopy D. Stool examination

B. Harada mori

71. the smallest nematode and known to cause autoinfection a. capillaria philippinensis b. necator americanus c. ascaris lumbricoides d. strongyloides stercoralis

d. strongyloides stercoralis

72. Parasitism always implies an infection A. True B. False

A. True

73. Exemplified by a flagellate A. Protozoa B. Arthropods C. Helminthes D. All the choices are correct

A. Protozoa

74. Protozoan causing malabsorption syndrome A. Giardia B. Cryptospondium C. Entamoeba D. All the choices are correct

A. Giardia

75. Which of the following agents is used to prevent Malaria? A. Inactivated vaccine B. Zinc table C. Chloroquine D. Mebendazole

C. Chloroquine

76. In heavy infection, sigmoidoscopy may show white bodies of worm hanging from the inflamed mucosa the so called coconut cake rectum. A. Trichuris trichuria B. Necator americanus C. Ascaris lumbricoides D. Enterobius vermicularis

A. Trichuris trichuria

77. Example of disease acquired through sexual contact A. Trichomoniasis B. Toxoplasmosis C. Chlonorchasis D. ascariasis

A. Trichomoniasis

78. Protozoan causing pneumonia in the immunocompromised A. cryptospordium B. giardia C. All the choices D. entamoeba

A. cryptospordium

79. Microscopic Technique used for Schistosoma A. direct smear B. immunoassay C. KOH stain D. kato katz technique

D. kato katz technique

80. Specifically known as roundworm A. NOTA B, Cestodes C. Nematodes D. Trematodes

C. Nematodes

81. What parasite shows Tramway sign in the X-ray? A. Ascaris lumbricoides B. Enterobius vermicularis C. Trichuris trichiura D. Necator americanus

A. Ascaris lumbricoides

82. Ciliphora falls under the taxonomic classification of: A. Genus B. Species C. Kingdom D. Phyllum

D. Phyllum

83. Produces malabsorption and cachexia in man A. all of the choices are correct B. trichuris trichuria C. enterobius vernicularis D. capillaria philippinensis

D. capillaria philippinensis

84. What parasite has an egg that is plano-convex and is readily infective after discharge? A. Ascaris lumbricoides B. Necator americanus C. Enterobius vernicularis D. Trichuris trichiura

C. Enterobius vernicularis

85. Each of the following statements concerning detection of A. lumbricoides parasite is correct EXCEPT: A. Attendant eosinophilia supports the diagnosis B. Demonstrating the larvae in sputum or gastric washings C. at early stage of infection, eggs can be seen in the feces D. Presence of Charcot Leyden crystals in sputum

C. at early stage of infection, eggs can be seen in the feces

86. It is considered a one-sided host-agent relationship. A. Commensalism B. Symbiosis C. Parasitism D. Mutualism

A. Commensalism

87. Graham scotch tape technique is used for diagnosis of the infection caused by A. Ascaris lumbricoides B. Necator americanus C. Enterobius vernicularis D. Trichuris trichiura

C. Enterobius vernicularis

88. Nematodes lacks respiratory and ________ A. Circulatory System B. Digestive System C. Excretory System D. Nervous System

A. Circulatory System

89. At a school nurse’s request, a clinic in rural south india sees a 8-yer-old boy who appears listless and inattentive, although hearing and visual testing has been within normal limits. The physician finds the child thin, with the “potbelly” of malnutrition, and orders a fecal exam and CBC. The CBC reveals anemia and the fecal exam detects brown, oval nematode eggs approximately 65 microns in size, too numerous to count. What was the most likely means by which this child was infected A. Ingestion of cysts in muscle B. Ingestion of ova C. Mosquito transmission of sporozoites D. Skin penetration by larvae

D. Skin penetration by larvae

90. All parasitic organism are eukaryotes A. True B. False

A. True

91. What parasite produces irone deficiency anemia to man A.Trichuris trichiura B.Necator americanus C.Ascaris lumbricoides D. Enterobius vermicularis

B.Necator americanus

92. Which of the following drugs used for Ascaris is given correctly A. Mebendazole 20 mg BID for 3 days B. Ivermectin 100- 250mg/kg once C. Pyrantel Pamoate 15mg/kg once max 2g D. Albendazole 400mg once

D. Albendazole 400mg once

93. Organism which may either live as parasitic form or free- living form A. Abberant parasite B. Facultative parasite C. Obligate parasite D. Accidental parasite

B. Facultative parasite

94. A 13-year old boy from India was brought to the emergency room with a prolapsed rectum. Examination of the rectum reveals small worms that A. Trichuris trichuria B. Enterobius vermicularis C. Necator americanus D. Ascaris lumbricoides

A. Trichuris trichuria

95. Example of a direct type of parasitic life cycle A. pinworm B. malaria C tapeworm D. hookworm

D. hookworm

96. Helminths whose eggs float in saturated salt solution A. All of the choices are correct B. Ascaris lumbricoides C. Necator americanus D. Enterobius vernicularis

A. All of the choices are correct

97. Age is factor of A. Host and agent B. Environtment C. Agent D. Host

D. Host

98. Example of a direct type of parasitic life cycle A. Pin worm B. Malaria C. Tape worm D. Hook worm

D. Hook worm

99 What parasite/s has a blood lung phase in the life cycle? A. Strongyloides stercoralis and Enterobius vermicularis B. Ascaris lumbricoides and Strongyloides stercoralis C. Trichuris trichuira D. Ascaris lumbricoides and Necator americanus

B. Ascaris lumbricoides and Strongyloides stercoralis

100. Most common form of the parasite S. stercoralis found in the feces A. Rhabditiform larva B. Filariform larva C. Egg D. Adult

A. Rhabditiform larva

Incorrect statement for Strongyloides stercoralis a. Free living males and females b. Mistaken with peptic ulcer c. Males are more virulent than females d. Produce hyperinfection

c. Males are more virulent than females

Not soil transmitted a. Enterobius b. Strongyloides c. Capillaria d. Hookworms e. Ancylostoma

c. Capillaria

8. Incorrect statement for Ascaris lumbricoides a. Mode of transmission is ingestion of ova b. Loeffler's syndrome c. Dogs and cats are intermediate hosts d. Resemble earthworm

c. Dogs and cats are intermediate hosts

9. Type of autoinfection of E. vermicularis a. Internal b. External

b. External

10. Type of autoinfection of C. philippinensis a. Internal b. External

a. Internal

16. Man is the definitive and intermediate host of this parasite a. AOTA b. T. spiralis c. C. philippinensis d. S. stercoralis

d. S. stercoralis

17. Complications of severe trichuriasis a. Chronic dysentery b. Rectal prolapse c. Anemia d. AOTA

b. Rectal prolapse

18. Diagnostic stage is rhabditiform larva a. S. stercoralis b. A. duodenale c. Both d. Neither

a. S. stercoralis Strongyloides stercoralis is known for having a diagnostic stage in the stool that involves the identification of rhabditiform larvae. Ancylostoma duodenale, on the other hand, has a diagnostic stage involving the examination of eggs (ova) in stool samples.

19. Diagnostic stage is fertilized ovum a. S. stercoralis b. A. duodenale c. Both d. Neither

b. A. duodenale

26. Disease will be acquired by ingestion of embryonated egg a. Trichinella spiralis b. Ancylostoma duodenale c. Capillaria philippinensis d. None of the above

c. Capillaria philippinensis Capillaria philippinensis is a parasite that can cause intestinal capillariasis when its embryonated eggs are ingested.

27. Causes hyperinfection a. Trichinella spiralis b. Ancylostoma duodenale c. Capillaria philippinensis d. None of the above

c. Capillaria philippinensis Hyperinfection refers to a situation where the parasitic infection becomes more severe and widespread than usual, often due to factors like a weakened immune system or a high parasite load. Capillaria philippinensis is known to cause hyperinfection in the human intestines.

28. Stichocytes lining the esophagus a. Ascaris lumbricoides b. Enterobius.vermicularis c. Ancylostoma duodenale d. Necator americanus e. Trichuris trichiura

e. Trichuris trichiura

29. Cutting plates a. Ascaris lumbricoides b. Enterobius.vermicularis c. Ancylostoma duodenale d. Necator americanus e. Trichuris trichiura

d. Necator americanus

30. Three lips with surrounding mouth a. Ascaris lumbricoides b. Enterobius.vermicularis c. Ancylostoma duodenale d. Necator americanus e. Trichuris trichiura

a. Ascaris lumbricoides Ascaris lumbricoides has a characteristic anterior end with three prominent lips surrounding its mouth. This morphological feature is one of the distinguishing characteristics of this nematode.

31. Cephalic alae a. Ascaris lumbricoides b. Enterobius.vermicularis c. Ancylostoma duodenale d. Necator americanus e. Trichuris trichiura

b. Enterobius.vermicularis

32. Two pairs of ventral teeth with equal size a. Ascaris lumbricoides b. Enterobius.vermicularis c. Ancylostoma duodenale d. Necator americanus e. Trichuris trichiura

c. Ancylostoma duodenale Ancylostoma duodenale, one of the hookworm species, has two pairs of ventral teeth in its buccal capsule, which it uses to attach to the intestinal wall and feed on blood. These teeth are of equal size. In contrast, Necator americanus, another hookworm species, uses cutting plates instead of teeth.

33. Attaches to the colon in a pin fashion a. Ascaris lumbricoides b. Enterobius vermicularis c. Ancylostoma duodenale d. Necator americanus e. Trichuris trichiura

e. Trichuris trichiura Trichuris trichiura, commonly known as the whipworm, has a characteristic whip-like shape. The thin, anterior end (which resembles the handle of a whip) burrows into the mucosa of the colon, while the thicker posterior end remains free in the lumen, giving it a "pin" or "hairpin" appearance when attached.

34. Threadworm a. Enterobius.vermicularis b. Ascaris lumbricoides c. Necator americanus d. Trichuris trichiura e. Strongyloides stercoralis

e. Strongyloides stercoralis a. Enterobius vermicularis - Pinworm b. Ascaris lumbricoides - Roundworm c. Necator americanus - Hookworm d. Trichuris trichiura - Whipworm e. Strongyloides stercoralis - Threadworm

35. New World Hookworm a. Enterobius.vermicularis b. Ascaris lumbricoides c. Necator americanus d. Trichuris trichiura e. Strongyloides stercoralis

c. Necator americanus

41. A negative stool examination for Ascariasis is interpreted as: a. Absence of infection b. All worms are male c. All females present are still immature d. AOTA

c. All females present are still immature

42. The adult male stage of this nematode is not found in humans a. A. lumbricoides b. Trichinella spiralis c. Strongyloides stercoralis d. C. philippinensis

c. Strongyloides stercoralis In human infections with Strongyloides stercoralis, only the female worms are parasitic and found in the intestines. The male worms of this species are not parasitic in humans and are not found within the human host.

43. The following procedures can be useful in the diagnosis of Strongyloides except: a. Serology b. Duodenal aspirate exam c. String test d. Harrada Mori culture

c. String test

44. Unembryonated ova are found in the stools of emaciated fisherman. They are described as a peanut-shape with striated shells and flattened bipolar plugs. The intestinal nematode implicated here are preferrably: a. HW specie b. Lumbricoides c. T. trichiuria d. C. philippinensis

d. C. philippinensis Capillaria philippinensis is an intestinal nematode that can cause severe disease, especially in individuals who consume raw or undercooked freshwater fish, which can be a source of infection. Emaciation, as mentioned in the context of the fisherman, is one of the severe manifestations of capillariasis due to malabsorption and chronic diarrhea.

45. An eosinophilic cell that encloses larvae of T. spiralis is called a: a. Macrophage b. eosinophil c. Nurse cell d. Sertoli cell

c. Nurse cell When the larvae of Trichinella spiralis migrate to skeletal muscle, they induce the transformation of the muscle cell into a specialized structure called a "nurse cell." This nurse cell provides a protective environment for the encysted larva and supports its metabolic needs.

46. Which is most unlikely to manifest in a patient with severe oxyuriasis? a. Acute appendicitis b. vaginitis c. Acute hepatitis d. Pruritus ani

c. Acute hepatitis Oxyuriasis is caused by the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis. While pinworms primarily inhabit the large intestine and rectum, they can cause symptoms such as pruritus ani (d) due to the female worms migrating to the perianal region to lay eggs. In females, they can sometimes migrate to the genital area, potentially causing vaginitis (b). There have also been cases where pinworms are found in the appendix, leading to a diagnosis of acute appendicitis (a). However, there is no established association between oxyuriasis and acute hepatitis (c).

47. Loeffler’s syndrome is a result of: a. Skin penetration of a larva b. Development of the adult in the intestine c. Migration of larva in the lungs d. Ingestion of large amount of infective ova

c. Migration of larva in the lungs Loeffler's syndrome is a transient respiratory illness associated with blood eosinophilia. It is caused by the migration of certain parasitic larvae through the lungs, especially during the life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides and some other parasites. The migration of the larvae through the lungs can lead to symptoms like cough, fever, and wheezing, and it can be seen on a chest X-ray as transient pulmonary infiltrates.

48. Embryonated eggs are the infective stage of: a. capillaria b. necator c. ascaris d. strongyloides

c. ascaris Embryonated eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides are the infective stage for humans. When these eggs are ingested, usually from contaminated food or water, they hatch in the small intestine, releasing larvae that migrate through the body before maturing into adult worms in the intestine.

49. The filariform larva is the infective stage of the following nematodes except: a. A. lumbricoides b. A. duodenale c. N. americanus d. S. stercoralis

a. A. lumbricoides The filariform larva is the infective stage for several nematodes, including Ancylostoma duodenale (b), Necator americanus (c), and Strongyloides stercoralis (d). However, Ascaris lumbricoides (a) has an egg as its infective stage, not the filariform larva.

50. The usual habitat of adult ascaris is: a. Large intestine b. Small intestine c. lungs d. liver

b. Small intestine The adult Ascaris lumbricoides, which is the species responsible for ascariasis in humans, primarily resides in the small intestine.

51. Hyperinfection of capillariasis causes: a. Progeny of adult female – unembryonated thick-shelled eggs b. Progeny of adult female – unembryonated thin-shelled eggs c. Progeny of adult female – embryonated thick-shelled eggs d. Progeny of adult female – embryonated thin-shelled eggs

b. Progeny of adult female – unembryonated thin-shelled eggs Hyperinfection with Capillaria philippinensis is characterized by the presence of large numbers of unembryonated thin-shelled eggs, which are the progeny of the adult female worms. These eggs can hatch in the intestine, leading to autoinfection, where the life cycle of the parasite is completed within the same host without the need for an external environment. This can result in a rapid increase in the number of parasites in the host, leading to severe disease.

52. Signs and symptoms of capillariasis a. Intestinal atrophy b. Chronic diarrhea c. Malabsorption d. Abdominal pain

a. Intestinal atrophy

Habitat of Trichinella: a. Large intestine b. Small Intestine c. Skeletal muscle

b. Small Intestine

Capillaria philippinensis ovum a. "peanut" or "barrel" shape. b. Elongated with flattened bipolar plugs. c. Thin-shelled. d. Size ranging from 35 to 45 micrometers in length.

a. "peanut" or "barrel" shape.

Enterobius ova a. Elongated, ovioid, D shaped or lop-sided appearance b. Transparent shell with a thick outer layer c. Measuring approximately 50-60 micrometers in length d. Typically found in the perianal region

a. Elongated, ovioid, D shaped or lop-sided appearance

71. All parasites are eukaryotes. a. True b. False

a. True

72. All parasites need a carrier to cause infection. a. True b. False

b. False

3. Zoonosis implies parasitic infection impacting humans and animals. a. True b. False

a. True

4. Host is synonymous to vector a. True b. False

b. False

75. Parasitism always implies an infection. a. True b. False

a. True

91. True of parasitic infection a. Occult manifestation may occur b. Asymptomatic state may occur in patients with mild infections and may just be carriers of these parasites c. Host does emanate a reaction against the agent d. AOTA

d. AOTA

92. It is equally beneficial type of host-agent relationship a. None of the choices are correct b. Parasitism C. Commensalism d. Mutualism

d. Mutualism

93. It is considered a one-sided host-agent relationship. a. Commensalism b. Symbiosis c. Parasitism d. Mutualism

a. Commensalism

94. Example of vertical transmission of disease a. Chlonorchiasis b. Ascariasis c. Toxoplasmosis d. Arthropod Infection

c. Toxoplasmosis

95. Example of disease acquired through sexual contact a. Trichomoniasis b. Toxoplasmosis C. Chlonorchiasis d. Ascariasis

a. Trichomoniasis

Stain used for fixation and examination of protozoa a. Safranin b. Acid fast c. Trichrome d. Gram stain

c. Trichrome Trichrome stain is commonly used for the fixation and examination of intestinal protozoa in stool specimens. It provides detailed visualization of the internal structures of the protozoa, making it easier to identify and differentiate various species.

97. Microscopic method used for helminthes a. Kato katz b. KOH c. Wet mount d. None of the choices are correct

a. Kato katz

98. Microscopic Technique used for Schistosoma a. Direct smear b. Immunoassay c. KOH stain d. Kato Katz

d. Kato Katz The Kato-Katz technique is a microscopic method used for the diagnosis of helminth infections, including Schistosoma. It involves the preparation of stool samples on a microscope slide and the examination for helminth eggs. The Kato-Katz method is particularly useful for quantifying the intensity of infection by counting the number of eggs in the stool sample.

99. Gold standard for the diagnosis of parasitic infection a. ELISA b. Biopsy c. Culture d. Microscopy

d. Microscopy

100. Scientist who was recognized for his work on protozoan and its associated diseases a. Alphonse Laveran b. Patrick Manson c. Robert Ross d. Robert Look

a. Alphonse Laveran

LE 1 - PARA Flashcards

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