LE 4 (2025)

Question 1

Which of the following is false about neurodevelopmental disorders?
Select one:
а.
can co-occur with each other, example individuals with ADHD can also have specific learning disorder
b. developmental deficits produce impairments of personal, social, academic or occupational functioning
c. range of developmental deficits varies from limitations of learning, control of executive functions to global impairments
d. It may manifest throughout the life cycle

Answer 1

d. It may manifest throughout the life cycle.

While symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders often appear early in development, many of these disorders, such as ADHD, can continue into adulthood. However, it’s not accurate to say they “manifest” throughout the life cycle, as they manifest early and may continue.

Question 2

The following are included as intellectual functions, except:
Select one:
a. reasoning
b. activities of daily living
c. planning
d. judgement

Answer 2

b. activities of daily living.

Activities of daily living are a measure of adaptive functioning, not intellectual functioning.

Question 3

Which of the following is included in the diagnostic criteria of intellectual development disorder?
select one:
A. deficits in both intellectual and adaptive functioning
B. deficits in intellectual functioning only
C. deficits in adaptive functioning only

Answer 3

A. deficits in both intellectual and adaptive functioning.

Both areas are crucial for the diagnosis.

Question 4

Individual with intellectual disability have scores of approximately___ below the population mean
Select one:
A. -2 standard deviation or more
B. 2 standard deviation or more
C. -1 standard deviation or more
D. 1 standard deviation or more

Answer 4

A. -2 standard deviation or more.

Typically, an IQ score of about 70 or below (2 standard deviations below the mean for the general population) is considered in the range for intellectual disability.

Question 5

The following are deficits included in the diagnostic features of intellectual development disorder, except:
Select one:
a conceptual
b. social
c. adaptive
d. practical

Answer 5

d. practical.

Conceptual, social, and adaptive are the three domains of deficits in intellectual development disorder.

Question 6

Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior manifested in Autism spectrum disorder are the following, except:
Select one:
A. all are correct
B. Highly restricted, fixated interests with abnormal intensity or focus
C. Insistence on sameness, inflexibility, or ritualized patterns
D. Repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech

Answer 6

A. all are correct.

All the options given are characteristic of Autism spectrum disorder.

Question 7

Global developmental delay is reserved for individuals under age of _ when the clinical severity level cannot be reliably assessed during early childhood
Select one:
a. 10 years
b. 8 years
c. 7 years
d. 5 years

Answer 7

d. 5 years

Question 8

Language disorder includes deficits in the following, except:
Select one:
a. reduced vocabulary
b. limited sentence structure
c. drawing
d. impairments in disclosure

Answer 8

c. drawing.

Drawing is not a component of language.

Question 9

The following describes language disorder, except:
Select one:
a. Children with receptive language impairments have poorer prognosis
b. all are correct
c. observed as shy or reluctant to talk
d. can have family history of language disorders

Answer 9

b. all are correct.

Each option is a descriptor of some children with language disorders.

Question 10

Which of the following is false about speech sound disorder?
Select one:
a. all are correct
b. Children use immature phonological simplification
c. The most frequently misarticulated sounds also tend to be learned later, leading them to be called the “late eight” (I, r, s, Z, th, dzh, and zh)
d. The symptoms may be associated or attributable with congenital or acquired conditions of childhood

Answer 10

a. all are correct.

All the given options are true about speech sound disorder.

Question 11

Social communication disorder includes persistent difficulty in the the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication as manifested by all of the following, except:
Select one:
A. Difficulties following rules for conversation and storytelling, such as taking turns in conversation, rephrasing when misunderstood, and knowing how to use verbal and nonverbal signals to regulate interaction.
B. Difficulties understanding what is not explicitly stated (e.g., making inferences) and nonliteral or ambiguous meanings of language (eg., idioms, humor, metaphors, multiple meanings that depend on the context for interpretation)
C. all are correct
D. Impairment of the ability to change communication to match context or the needs of the listener, such as speaking differently in a classroom than on a playground, talking differently to a child than to an adult, and avoiding use of overly formal language.

Answer 11

C. all are correct.

Each option is a descriptor of social communication disorder.

Question 12

Which of the following is not included in the criteria for the diagnosis of Autism spectrum disorder?
Select one:
a. all are correct
b. Deficit in developing, maintaining, & understanding relationships
c. Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviour
d. deficits in verbal communication
e. Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity

Answer 12

d. deficits in verbal communication.

While many individuals with autism may have challenges with verbal communication, not all do, and it’s not a standalone criterion

Question 13

The following are manifestations of inattention in ADHD, except:
Select one.
A. Leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected.
B. Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
C. Loses things necessary for tasks or activities
D. Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
E. Forgetful in daily activities

Answer 13

A. Leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected.

This is a manifestation of hyperactivity and impulsivity, not inattention.

Question 14

The following are manifestations of hyperactivity and impulsivity in ADHD, except:
Select one.
а.
Unable to play or engage in leisure activities quietly.
b. Talks excessively

c. Fidgets with or taps hands or feet or squirms in seat.
Runs about or climbs in situations where it is inappropriate.
d.
Does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish tasks
e.
Interrupts or intrudes on others

Answer 14

d. Does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish tasks.

This is a manifestation of inattention, not hyperactivity or impulsivity.

Question 15

The following are types of motor disorders, except:
Select one:
a. developmental coordination disorder
b. stereotypic movement disorder
c. tic disorder
d. global developmental delay

Answer 15

d. global developmental delay.

Global developmental delay is a general term used when children are significantly delayed in their cognitive and physical development.

Question 16

The following are included in the cognitive domains, except:
Select one:
a. language
b. all are included
c. learning and memory
d. perceptual motor
e. social cognition

Answer 16

b. all are included.

All the options are aspects of cognitive domains.

Question 17

The following are true about the diagnostic criteria for delirium, except:
Select one:
a. The disturbance develops over a short to relatively long period of time (usually hours to a few weeks)
b. There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings that the disturbance is a direct physiological consequence of another medical condition, substance intoxication or withdrawal
c. There is a disturbance in attention (i.e., reduced ability to direct, focus, sustain, and shift attention) and awareness (reduced orientation to the environment).
d. An additional disturbance in cognition (e.g., memory deficit, disorientation, language, visuospatial ability, or perception
e. all are correct

Answer 17

a. The disturbance develops over a short to relatively long period of time (usually hours to a few weeks).

Delirium typically has a rapid onset.

Question 18

Type of delirium wherein the individual may be accompanied by mood lability, agitation, and/or refusal to cooperate with medical care.
Select one:
a. hyperactive
b. mixed
c. hypoactive

Answer 18

a. hyperactive.

Hyperactive delirium is characterized by restlessness, agitation, and increased psychomotor activity.

Question 19

Which of the following is not observed in individuals with moderately severe major NCD?
Select one:
a. all are included
b. psychotic features
c. agitation
d. irritability
e. incontinence

Answer 19

a. all are included.

All the options can be observed in individuals with moderately severe major Neurocognitive Disorder.