hip flexion palpation
distal to inguinal lig on medial side of sartorius
hip flexion MMT sub
sartorius - ER/abd
TFL - IR/add
sartorius palpation
below ASIS
sartorius MMT sub
iliopsoas or RF - no abd or ER
glut med/min palpation
prox to greater troch
glut med/min MMT substitution
hip hike
hip flexors - ER/pelvic retraction
TFL - hip flexes
adductors palpation
prox medial thigh
adductors MMT substitution
hip flexion - IR/post pelvic tilt + turn toward supine
hamstrings - ER/ant pelvic tilt + turn toward prone
hip ER palpation
not palpable
hip ER MMT substitution
lift contralateral hip or trunk leaning
knee flexion
hip abduction
hip IR palpation
not palpable
hip IR MMT substitution
lifting ipsilateral pelvis or trunk leaning
knee extension
hip add/ext
hamstring palpation
tendons just posterior above knee
hamstring MMT sub
hip flexion, ER, add, DF
PF palpation
gastroc - midcalf above soleus
soleus - posterolateral surface of distal calf
PF MMT sub
trunk should remain erect
long toe flexors - see PF or forefoot w decreased motion at calcaneus
eversion
inversion
tib ant palpation
lateral to shin
tib ant MMT sub
toe extension
tib post palpation
tendon between medial mal and navicular
tib post MMT sub
toe flexion
tib ant vs tib post movements
DF + inversion vs. just inversion
peroneus longus palpation
lateral leg just below fib head
peroneus brevis palpation
between lat mal and prox base of 5th MT
MP flexion palpation
not palpable
MP flexion MMT sub
IP joint flexes and MP joint may hyperextend
IP flexion palpation
plantar surface of prox phalanx of 1st toe
muscles responsible for MP flexion
lumbricals and FHB
muscles responsible for IP flexion
FDL, FDB, FHL
muscles responsible for toe extension
EDL, EDB, EHL
EDL palpation
tendons over dorsum of MTs
EDB palpation
lateral side of dorsum of foot just in front of mal
peroneal movement
eversion + PF
hip capsular pattern
flexion, abduction, internal rotation, sometimes ext
knee capsular pattern
flexion, extension
tib-fib capsular pattern
pain when upper tibfib lig is stretched
ankle capsular pattern
plantarflexion, dorsiflexion
subtalar capsular pattern
increasing limitation of varus until joint fixes in full valgus. end of available varus range is painful
midtarsal capsular pattern
DF, PF, adduction, internal rotation
first MTP capsular pattern
extension, slight lim of flexion
toe MTP capsular pattern
flexion>extension
DF/PF axis, SA, MA
axis: distal to but in line with lat mal
SA: lateral midline of fib
MA: in line with inferior aspect of calcaneus
DF/PF ROM substitution
ankle inversion/eversion
normal DF ROM
0-20º
normal PF ROM
0-40/50º
sup/pro axis, SA, MA
axis: ant midline of talocrural joint
SA: ant midline of tib, in line with tibtub
MA: ant midline of 2nd MT
normal sup ROM
0-30/35º
normal pro ROM
0-15/20º
end feel of pronation
firm or hard
end feel of supination
firm
inv/ev axis, SA, MA
axis: calc tendon in line with malleoli
SA: post midline of tib
MA: post midline of calcaneus
inversion/eversion ROM
eversion 0-10º
ratio inv:ev 2:1
scoring for PF MMT
N: 20 G: 10-19 F: 1-9 P+: max resistance in prone P+/-: standing and clears heel