LE neurovascular

Question 1

What are the 2 layers of the skin and their characteristics? What is the sub-cutaneous layer called?

Answer 1

-epidermis (epithelium): produces keratin protein which is tough and always in mitosis -dermis: contains hair follicles, arteries, veins, and sensory organs; made of dense irregular CT -hypodermis: adipose/areolar CT

Question 2

What are the two types of fascia? and their subcategories

Answer 2

-superficial: made of loose areolar tissue -deep: fascia lata and crural fascia

Question 3

What are the 3 functions of the fascia?

Answer 3

-compartmentalizes functional muscle groups -provides attachment for muscles -aids in venous return

Question 4

Where is the iliotibial tract/band located? What does it also serve as besides fascia?

Answer 4

-thickening of fascia lata that attaches proximally to the iliac crest and distally at the lateral tibial condyle -serves as aponeuroses

Question 5

Where is the crural fascia located?

Answer 5

• surrounds the knee at all bony prominences and down to the distal tibia (knee to ankle)
• thickens to form retinacula around the ankles

Question 6

Where do all superficial veins drain in to from the leg?

Answer 6

the femoral vein

Question 7

TRUE/FALSE All deep arteries have associated deep veins

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

What artery supplies the leg and which supplies the thigh?

Answer 8

the femoral/popliteal artery supplies the leg the profunda femoris artery supplies the thigh

Question 9

Explain arteries in leg

Answer 9

Question 10

Where is the medial circumflex femoral artery found?

Answer 10

in between the pectineus muscle and ilipsoas tendon

Question 11

Where is the profunda femoris found?

Answer 11

deep to the adductor longus

Question 12

Where is the perforating arteries of the profunda femoris found?

Answer 12

perforate the adductor muscles; adductor longus proximally and adductor magnus distally

Question 13

Describe the cross-section of the thigh

Answer 13

Question 14

What are the borders and contents of the femoral triangle?

Answer 14

borders: inguinal ligament, adductor longus, sartorius, iliopsoas/pectineus (floor), fascia lata (roof)
content: femoral N, A, V, saphenous N, profunda femoris and branches, lymph nodes, femoral sheath

Question 15

Direct branches from Ventral Rami

Answer 15

piriformis (L5-S2)

gemullus superior (L5-S1)

obturator internus (L5-S1)

gemullus inferior (L5-S1)

quadratus femoris (L5-S1)

Question 16

What are the borders and content of the adductor canal?

Answer 16

borders: apex of femoral triangle, adductor hiatus (inferior), sartorius (roof), vastus medius, adductor longus
contents: femoral A & V, saphenous N

Question 17

What are the cluneal nerves and what spinal nerves form them?

Answer 17

superior cluneal: L1-L3

middle cluneal: S1-S3

inferior cluneal: posterior femoral cutaneous

Question 18

What blood supplies the pelvis?

Answer 18

Internal Iliac branches: superior and inferior gluteal, obturator, internal pudendal, and small arteries