Leadership

Question 1

Trait Theories of Leadership

Answer 1

Effective leaders possess a common set of personal qualities or characteristics

Question 2

Leadership Categorization Theory:

Answer 2

People are more likely to view somebody as a leader and to evaluate them as a more effective when they possess prototypical characteristics of leadership

Question 3

Behavioural Theories of Leadership

Answer 3

Leader emergence and effectiveness is defined by the types of behaviours exhibited by the leader
1. Initiating Structure: How leaders facilitate group goal attainment (e.g., defining roles, scheduling, assigning tasks)
2. Consideration: Extant that leader is approachable and shows personal concern and respect for employees

Question 4

Abusive Supervision

Answer 4

Display of hostile verbal and/or non-verbal behaviors, excluding physical contact (Tepper, 2000)

Question 5

Implicit Leadership Theories

Answer 5

People hold a set of beliefs about the kinds of attributes, personality characteristics, skills, and behaviours that contribute to or impede outstanding leadership

Question 6

Role Congruity Theory

Answer 6

We hold expectations associated with certain roles, such as:
Based on gender
Based on leadership positions

This theory explains, what is expected of women  what is expected of the prototypical “leader”

…what happens when women do display agency?
Violates expectations, creating the double bind  perceived as competent but not likable

Question 7

Path-Goal Theory

Answer 7

The outcomes of different leader behaviours will depend on environmental factors and/or employee characteristics
Leader’s job is to clear a path toward the goal, remove barriers for employees

1. directive: schedule work, set expectations, manage performance standards (use when individuals have difficulty doing tasks or the tasks are ambiguous)
2. supportive: friendly, approachable, concerned with positive interpersonal relations (use when individuals are under stress or otherwise show that they need to be supported)
3. participative: consult with employees about work matters, consider opinions (use when individuals need to buy into decisions)
4. achievement oriented: encourage high effort and striving for goal accomplishment; express confidence that employees can reach goals (use when individuals like challenges and are highly motivated)

Question 8

Leader-Member Exchange Theory

Answer 8

The quality of the relationship that develops between a leader and an employee

Question 9

LMX Differentiation

Answer 9

Variability in the quality of LMX relationships between members of the same workgroup

Question 10

Full Range Leadership Theory

Answer 10

1. Laissez-Faire: Limited instruction, feedback, contact
2. Transactional: Straightforward exchange; leader sets goals, provides direction and support = employee performs well and is rewarded
3. Transformational: Provides a new vision that instills true commitment