league of nations, 1920s

Question 1

Aims of the league disarmament and prevention of war

Answer 1

All major nations would join the league and disarm-decrease in arm races
Everyone has to do it
No army needed because of League of Nations

Question 2

Aims of the league discourage aggression

Answer 2

If any member broke the covenant other members would:
Stop training with x country
Send troops to stop fighting
Resolve disputes between countries

Question 3

Aims of the league collective security

Answer 3

Covenant: promised to protect one another if invaded
ARTICLE 10
No one will attack any one due to LoN reaction- protect its own members
Strength in numbers

Question 4

Aims of the league international cooperation

Answer 4

If a country had a dispute with another country they would take it to the league, to prevent future wars

• border disputes
• trade agreements
• military agreements- mainly disarmament
• peace treaties

Question 5

Aims of the league improving living conditions

Answer 5

Improve working and living conditions 
Cure diseases globally (malaria)
Tackle slavery,crime...
Improve medicine
Anti-drugs campaign
Help solve Humanitarian crisis

Question 6

What did GB. Think that the league should be?

Answer 6

Small organization
LoN might threaten large countries
Only for emergencies
GB wants to protect its empire and doesn’t want LoN to. Control it

Question 7

What did France think LoN should be

Answer 7

Strong league with own army, like un

Question 8

What did US think the league should be

Answer 8

World parliament
Meets regularly
Representative from each country

Question 9

Why were high expectations for LoN a problem

Answer 9

High hopes with disarmament - led to disappointment

One organization can’t solve all world problems

Question 10

Early problem with. Non participation and resentment of defeated nations

Answer 10

Germany not invited cuz “war mongering”
USSR not invited cuz communist
Anger at treaties that formed LoN

Question 11

Reasons why the USA doesn’t join the league

Answer 11

They’re isolationists don’t want to intervene in global affairs and be dragged into wws
Some Americans angry at ToV. German americans
Don’t want to harm us economy and don’t want to be restricted economically with trade
Fear that European powers will dominate LoN

Question 12

Potential strengths of the new league

Answer 12

Many members “herd protection” benefits smaller more vulnerable nations -started with 42members by 1930s. 59
World parliament good for diplomacy
-theoretically less wars
-better communication bw countries
-more trade opportunities
Involvement of Britain and france
-very powerful countries meaning smaller countries may feel protected

Question 13

Potential weakness of the league

Answer 13

Some countries didn’t join
-disarmament less likely to occur as enemies would still have a big army
League lacks army
-had to borrow armies from other countries
Domination of Britain and france for their own interests
-could use their power for their own benefits
-unfair on other countries

Question 14

Members that joined late or left the league early

Answer 14

Austria joined 1920
Germany joined 1926 left.  1933
Japan. Left 1933
Turkey joined1932
USSR joined 1934

Question 15

Why were B and F not suitable leaders for the LoN

Answer 15

Both weakened by the war and were mote concerned with economic recovery and their empire

Question 16

Structure of LoN Secretariat

Answer 16

Civil service paperwork and kept records
Carried out LoNs decisions
Brought together experts from across the world on key issues-health disarmament Econ matters

Question 17

Structure of League council

Answer 17

Made important decisions
4permanent members(B,F,J,It)
Temp members elected by assembly for 3yr periods
Met 4-5 times a year
Decisions had to be unanimous 
Supervised special commissions
RANGE OF POWERS
Moral condemnation
Econ+finance sanctions 
Military force

Question 18

Structure of league, Assembly

Answer 18

Met once a year
Decisions unanimous
Discuss things- don’t decide
Voted on admitting new members

Question 19

Structure of league international labour organisation

Answer 19

Discussed working conditions
Tried to make countries make improvements
ILO brought together employers, governments and workers’ representatives

Question 20

Structure of league permanent court of justice

Answer 20

Team of judges
Settled disputes b\w countries (border disputes, fishing rights)
Couldn’t make countries obey its decisions. (No army)
Based in Hague

Question 21

Structure of league mandates commission

Answer 21

Aim:make sure b+f acted in interest of ppl. Not its own

Question 22

Structure of league the Refugees committee

Answer 22

After ww1- high number of refugees 
Gave refugees shelter 100kppl housed in refugee camps 
Most. Pressing problems:
Former Russian territories
Balkans
Greece
Armenia
Turkey

Question 23

Structure of league the. Slavery commision

Answer 23

Worked to abolish slavery worldwide-main issue east africa
Helped workers treated like slaves
Freed 200,000 slaves from Sierra Leone
Reduced death rates from 50% to 4% on Tanganyika railway

Question 24

Structure of league- health committee

Answer 24

Helped with problem of dangerous diseases and educated ppl. On health and sanitation
Developed disease-fighting programs

Question 25

Problems with the league’s structure

Answer 25

Assembly only met once a year and had little power Council didn’t include all members-dominated. By B+F and their self interest No army, can’t enforce its decisions Decisions must be unanimous-often disagree w\ each other - takes a long time to make decisions, when there is a crisis you need to act rapidly Countries excluded -usa-own choice -Germany-warmongering -USSR-communist

Question 26

Upper Silesia, 1921

Answer 26

B/w ger+pol created a border dispute bc of ToV LoN oversaw peaceful plebiscites-self determination Success because both countries accepted decision

Question 27

Aaland Islands, 1921

Answer 27

B/w Finland and Sweden both wanted them so Sweden threatened a war LoN suggested islands should go to Finland- int. Court of justice Sweden accepted league ruling and let islands go to Fin

Question 28

Greek-Bulgarian war, 1925

Answer 28

Soldiers patrolling border fired one another and a Greek soldier was killed, Gs army invaded Bulgaria LoN ordered armies to stop fighting. Ordered gs to leave bulg LoN decided that G was to blame and fined with $45k Army withdrew

Question 29

Vilna, 1920

Answer 29

Polish-Lithuanian dispute 1920-1929 Poland took control of Vilna L appealed to LoN which protested to Poland. F+B didn’t. Want to actas it was to close to the USSR and ger Failure bc Poland didn’t pull out

Question 30

Corfu crisis,1923

Answer 30

Border b/w Greece and Albania. Tellini and team were ambushed and killed 15ppl died Mussolini furious, blamed G govt for murder G appealed to LoN for help, Muss got his actions condemned, suggested G pay compensation B+F didn’t stand together therefore they didn’t act Muss occupied Corfu and put Ts death as an excuse Weakened the league as Mussolini ignored league and appealed to the council of ambassadors -makes a mockery of the league

Question 31

Geneva protocol, 1924

Answer 31

If 2 members were in dispute, they would have to ask the league to sort out disagreement and would have to accept council’s decision Conservative govt in b refused to sign protocol Weakened league as it showed that national governments could just ignore the league

Question 32

Washington conference, 1921

Answer 32

USA, Britain, france and Japan agree to limit the size of their navies Failure as it didn’t significantly disarm them

Question 33

Rapallo treaty, 1922

Answer 33

USSR and ger re establish diplomatic relations and trade agreements Bad effect on the league as it didn’t host or organize it and two non members allying was bad

Question 34

Dawes plan and Young plan, 1924-29

Answer 34

Ger reparations reduced and extended over a longer period of time. France and belgium agree to withdraw from Ruhr. Usa offers large loans to Ger, ToV repayment reduced and German economy stabilizes Very positive as g is receiving international co operation

Question 35

Locarno treaties, 1925

Answer 35

Germany accepts its western borders( as per ToV) and prepares to join league in 1926 Extremely positive as g is being welcomed into LoN

Question 36

Kellog-Briand pact, 1928

Answer 36

65 countries agree to outlaw war as a method to settle disputes Positive although it isn’t specific enough and, no deadline, so very successful but not entirely

Question 37

Leagues successes and failures at solving international disputes

Answer 37

``` SUCCESSES: Aaland islands -upper Silesia -Greek-Bulgarian war -Locarno treaties ``` FAILURES - Corfu *permanent member going against league - Vilna - dominated by b+f who were selfish

Question 38

League’s successes and failures on disarmament and prevention of war

Answer 38

SUCCESSES - Able to encourage disarmament- Washington naval Pact - no major wars in 1920s - Kellogg-Briand pact,1928 FAILURES: - major nations very reluctant to disarm - G only country to disarm

Question 39

League’s succ and failures when dealing with Econ problems

Answer 39

SUCCESS: - improved working conditions - d+y plan for. Germany - facilitates international trade FAILURE: -ILO often ignored

Question 40

Leagues succ and failures when improving conditions in the world

Answer 40

Success : - freed. 200k slaves from Sierra Leone - re-homed 400k refugees - health committee very successful Failure: LoN under- resourced, ran out of money

Question 41

How did the LoN improve working conditions

Answer 41

Improved working hours for small children Eliminated poisonous substances(white leads)from working areas Max 48 hours working week and max. 8hrs a day-ignored by many companies Couldn’t do anything to countries/organizations that broke its regulations-powerless

Question 42

How did LoN work for better world health

Answer 42

Sponsored research onto infectious diseases Institutes in Singapore and London helped develop vaccines and meds to fight diseases Treatment for malaria in africa Health committee one of the most successful of Lons organizations

Question 43

How did LoN improve social problems

Answer 43

Freed 200k slaves from Sierra Leone Reduced death rates from 50% to 4% on Tanganyika railway Blacklisted 4 companies involved in illegal drug trade Kept records on drug trafficking, slavery and prostitution

Question 44

How did the LoN improve transport

Answer 44

Produced international Highway Code for road users | Marked shipping lanes

Question 45

How did the LoN help refugees

Answer 45

400k prisoners of war returned to their homes by LoN 100ks of ppl housed in refugee camps bc of war in Turkey,1922 League worked quickly to stamp out cholera, smallpox and dysentery