Learners and Learning

Question 1

Fred

Psychosexual stage

Answer 1

id ego superego

Question 2

Erik Erikson

Answer 2

Psychosocial

Question 3

Albert Bandura

social learning theory

Answer 3

importance of social interaction in learning

Learning by watching others

Question 4

Jerome Bruner

Answer 4

constructivism philosopher
learning by constructing knowledge and create base themselves
teach simply and gradually to difficult
originate scaffold

Question 5

John Dewey

Answer 5

learning by doing

balance child-centered and curriculum centered

Question 6

Jean Piaget

Answer 6

Constructivism: children actively construct knowledge
heternomous morality (other directed) vs autonomous morality (self-directed)

Question 7

Lev Vygotsky

Answer 7

ZPD
scaffolding
the importance of self-talk and inner speech

Question 8

Lawrence Kohlberg

Answer 8

• Pre-conventional morality: obedience vs punishment
  individualism vs exchange: judge others by interests and needs
• Conventional morality: interpersonal relationship
  maintaining social order
• Post-conventional morality: social contract vs individual rights
  universal ethical principle

Question 9

Bloom’s taxonomy

Answer 9

6 cognitive levels: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, creating.

Question 10

Differentiate instruction

Answer 10

content to learn
the process the students use to master the content
product the students will produce
learning environment

Question 11

Whole Child

Answer 11

Family, school, communities are working together to create a healthy, safe, engaged, and challenge environment for children.

Question 12

Developmentally appropriate instruction related to literacy

Answer 12

• Direct/explicit literacy: whole class, small group, or one-one
• Centers: assigned area, designed based on students’ own pace, self-direct, self-initiated
• Free play
• Small group instruction
• Guided reading: read together with expression, enhance literacy related elements.

Question 13

Cognitive disabilities

Answer 13

• intellectual disability (id): develop and process information slow
• Autism spectrum disorder (asd): emotional and cognitive disorder
• specific learning disability: deficits processing linguistic or numeral

Question 14

Behavior Disorder

Answer 14

• ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) short attention span
• ODD (oppositional defiant disorder) bad temper, easy getting angry and out of control, many improve, few completely recover
• behavior modification techniques:

Question 15

ADA (Americans with disability act)

Answer 15

equal opportunities and treatment for the people with disabilities. protects the rights of people with disabilities

Question 16

IDEA (individual with disabilities education act)

Answer 16

guarantees the students with disabilities to a free, appropriate, public education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment (LRE).
LRE: general classroom and differentiate teaching method.
Individual Education Plan (IEP): make goals and adaptive plans.

Question 17

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1937

Answer 17

protects the rights of people with disabilities, prohibiting discriminations.

Question 18

No Child Left behind (NCLB)

Answer 18

fair opportunities for all learners.

Question 19

Inclusive Practices pg33*

Answer 19

set goal, use different methods to include all different learners into study.

Question 20

Developmental appropriate practice (DAP)

Answer 20

age, individual, growth pattern, cultural influence.