learning 1

Question 1

Define learning

Answer 1

-Relatively permanent change in behaviour as a consequence of experience

Question 2

What are reflexes?

Answer 2

-Fast and automatic
-Doesn’t necessarily need the brain
-Predictive relationships e.g. finding food in summer v winter
-Animals must modify behaviour

Question 3

Define habituation

Answer 3

-Gradually stops responding to stimuli after prolonged exposure
-Less likely to recognise the stimulus
-Not followed by reinforcement

Question 4

What study was conducted on neonatal rats to look into habituation?

Answer 4

-Neonatal rats split into Mozart group and Schoenberg group
-12 hours a day exposure to either music for 52 days
-Acquisition of musical preference in rats
-Found avoidance of aversive aspect of music habituated with exposure

Question 5

What study was conducted on water-deprived rats to look into habituation?

Answer 5

-Split into group S and group W
-Either 30 min access to sweetened water, and the water or just water itself
-Across 20 days
-Rats cautious about novel flavours
-With experience, diet can be widened

Question 6

Define unconditioned stimulus

Answer 6

-Biologically significant stimulus

Question 7

Define unconditioned response

Answer 7

-Response evoked by UCS

Question 8

Define conditioned stimulus

Answer 8

-Previously neutral stimulus that acquires response by being paired with UCS

Question 9

Define conditioned response

Answer 9

-Response evoked by CS

Question 10

Define appetitive conditioning

Answer 10

-Pleasant UCS

Question 11

Define aversive conditioning

Answer 11

-Unpleasant UCS