Learning

Question 1

What are the three different theories in learning?

Answer 1

Pavlovian conditioning
Operant conditioning
Social learning theory

Question 2

What are the four elements of the Pavlovian conditioning

Answer 2

Unconditioned stimulus (US) (aka. food)
Unconditioned response (UR) (aka. saliva flow)
Conditioned stimulus (CS) (ala. bell) must be paired with unconditioned stimulus
conditional response (CR) (aka. saliva flow)

Question 3

What is the importance of understanding pavlovian conditioning?

Answer 3

It helps understand behavioural plasticity and how fear can be conditioned. It also helps understand anxiety disorders.

Question 4

What happens during extinction?

Answer 4

Forgetting (passive decay)
Unlearning (active)

Question 5

What can happen after extinction to erase this process?

Answer 5

Spontaneous recovery – emergence of conditioned fear after some time
Renewal effect – emergence of conditioned fear in a different context
Reinstatement – emergence of conditioned fear after encounter alone

Question 6

What kind of historical approach is the basis for operant conditioning

Answer 6

Behaviouristic approach
Only focuses on observable behaviour

Question 7

What are the basics of operant learning?

Answer 7

Behaviour determined by consequences
Pleasant consequences = behaviour increases (reinforcement)
Unpleasant consequences = behaviour decreases (punishment)

Question 8

What are the four main consequence types in operant learning/conditioning

Answer 8

Positive Reinforcement – Pleasant and presented
Positive Punishment – Unpleasant and presented
Negative Reinforcement – Unpleasant and withheld
Negative Punishment – Pleasant and withheld

Question 9

What is the main concept of the social learning theory?

Answer 9

BANDURA
The consequence of an action affects behaviour