Learning

Question 1

Relatively permanent change in one’s behaviour due to past and learned experiences.

Answer 1

Learning

Question 2

Learning by linking together two events.

Answer 2

Associative Learning

Question 3

An organism’s decrease in response due to repeated exposure to a stimulus.

Answer 3

Habituates

Question 4

Associating two stimuli

This is usually autonomic.

Answer 4

Classical Conditioning

Question 5

Association of response and its consequences

Answer 5

Operant Conditioning

Question 6

Learning by watching others

Answer 6

Observational learning

Question 7

The father of classical conditioning who used to see Psychology as a false science.

Answer 7

Ivan Pavlov

Question 8

Developed the term Behaviorism from Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning. It has dominated the US for fifty years.

Answer 8

John B Watson

Question 9

Psychology should emphasize the scientific method

Studies behaviour without referring to the mental processes.

Answer 9

Behaviourism

Question 10

A Stimulus that triggers no response

Answer 10

Neutral Stimulus

NS

Question 11

A stimulus that automatically triggers a response regardless.

Answer 11

Unconditioned Stimulus

UCS

Question 12

The inexperienced, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus.

Answer 12

Unconditioned Response

UCR

Question 13

The Neutral stimulus after learning.

Answer 13

Conditioned Stimulus

CS

Question 14

The Unconditioned Response after learning.

Answer 14

Conditioned Response

CR

Question 15

Learning is best when the Conditioned and the Unconditioned stimulus are paired frequently, and is presented .5 seconds before the US.

Answer 15

Acquisition

Question 16

The Conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus and creates a second conditioned stimulus.

Answer 16

Higher Order Conditoning

Question 17

The conditioned stimulus no longer causes the conditioned response.

Answer 17

Extinction

Question 18

The reappearance of the conditioned response even though it has disappeared.

Answer 18

Spontaneous Recovery

Question 19

The neutral stimulus and the conditioned stimulus are different from each other.

Answer 19

Status Generalization

Question 20

The Neutral stimulus and the Conditioned stimulus are exactly alike.

Answer 20

Stimulus Discrimination

Question 21

A process in Classical Conditioning in which the organism must decide if the Neutral Stimulus can accurately predict the Unconditioned Stimulus.

Answer 21

Reliable signals

Question 22

By using dogs and a shock belt, they were strapped to a harness and gave them shocks, the other group managed to escape. It is an exposure to inescapable and uncontrollable aversive events that produces passive behaviour.

Answer 22

Learned Helplessness.

Devised by Martin Seligman

Question 23

Rats were to drink a liquid, and were injected a drug that made them sick, therefore they do not want the drink anymore.
This study violates the Acquisition principle. Such as food poisoning.

Answer 23

Taste Aversion

Developed by John Garcia

Question 24

Humans have preset fears that helps them survive.

Such as heights, spiders… etc.

Answer 24

Biological Preparedness

Question 25

Outcomes are determined by the degree of consequences. Good= will do again Bad= Wont do again

Answer 25

Thorndike's Law of Effect

Question 26

Father of Operant Conditioning.

Answer 26

BF Skinner

Question 27

Behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences.

Answer 27

Operant Behaviour

Question 28

Increases the likelihood of behaviours occurring again.

Answer 28

Reinforcement

Question 29

Decreases the likelihood of behaviours occurring again.

Answer 29

Punishment

Question 30

Using reinforcement to guide someone to do a desired behaviour.

Answer 30

Shaping

Question 31

Using reinforcement to guide someone to do multiple steps behaviour.

Answer 31

Chaining

Question 32

Adding a positive stimulus or event that follows an operation. (You choose to do it)

Answer 32

Positive Reinforcement

Question 33

Removal of a stimulus that follows an operation | mandatory

Answer 33

Negative Reinforcement

Question 34

Natural reinforcers that depend on survival

Answer 34

Primary Reinforcer

Question 35

Acquired reinforcer depending on the individual (Money)

Answer 35

Secondary Reinforcer

Question 36

enjoyment of watching late-night TV, offer immediate payback. (Impatience)

Answer 36

Immediate Reinforcer

Question 37

Weekly paycheck, require the ability to delay gratification.

Answer 37

Delayed Reinforcers

Question 38

Reinforcement after a constant increment of responses. | every x you get y

Answer 38

Fixed ratio

Question 39

Reinforcement after varying number of responses | gambling

Answer 39

Variable Ratio

Question 40

Reinforcement of first response after a constant increment of time has passed. (For every x hours you get y) (Every test is 2 weeks after the start of a new month)

Answer 40

Fixed Interval

Question 41

Reinforcement of first response after varying amounts of time. (Pop quizzes) (Getting a power outage)

Answer 41

Variable Interval

Question 42

Decrease the likelihood of behavious from occurring again by receiving another stimulus. (Whipping, Spanking)

Answer 42

Positive Punishment

Question 43

Punishment, but removing reinforcements.

Answer 43

Negative Punishment

Question 44

Studying rats in mazes, that remember a clear path to the end of the maze when a cheese was placed. Learning that occurs but idle until there is a reward at the end.

Answer 44

Latent Learning

Question 45

A sudden realization of asolution

Answer 45

Insight Learning

Question 46

Motivation solely based on self-satisfaction, doing it for your own morality.

Answer 46

Intrinsic Motivation

Question 47

Motivation that you seek because there is a reward.

Answer 47

Extrinsic Motivation

Question 48

The process of observing and imitating a specific behaviour.

Answer 48

Modeling

Question 49

Observe another’s behavior Create and store a memory Imitate the behavior as best as you can Motivated to imitate based on the expectation of a reward or punishment

Answer 49

4 Cognitive Processes.

Question 50

frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so

Answer 50

Mirror Neurons