Learning

Question 1

Classical Conditioning

Answer 1

Two events go together after we experience them occurring together on a number of occasions

Question 2

Operant Conditioning

Answer 2

We learn by forming a 3 way association between a stimulus, a response and the consequences of a response

Question 3

Neutral Stimulus

Answer 3

Stimulus produces no specific response ( a bell)

Question 4

Unconditioned Stimulus

Answer 4

Stimulus which consistently produces a specific reflexive ( naturally occurring), automatic response (food)

Question 5

Unconditioned Response

Answer 5

The response which occurs automatically when the UCS is presented

Question 6

Conditioned Stimulus

Answer 6

The stimulus which was natural at the start of conditioning stimulus that is paired with the UCS, after learning, now produces a specific response due to its continued association with UCS

Question 7

Conditioned Response

Answer 7

Behaviour Identical to UCR, caused by CS alone after CC is completed

Question 8

Before Conditioning

Answer 8

The Neural Stimulus (NS) of the…..does not elicit any specific response and the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) of the….produces the unconditioned response (UCR) of….due to the….

Question 9

During Conditioning

Answer 9

There are repeated pairings of the (NS)……presented immediately prior to the (UCS)…. to produce (UCR)….

Question 10

After Conditioning

Answer 10

The Neutral Stimulus…. has become the Conditioned Stimulus of the….. and now alone can produce the Conditioned Response (CR) of….due to the…..

Question 11

Operant Conditioning

Answer 11

Response or set of responses that occurs and acts (operate as) on the environment to produce some kind of effects

Question 12

Antecedents (A)

Answer 12

The event or stimulus that may trigger a behaviour or precedes it

Question 13

Behavior (B)

Answer 13

The response to the stimulus

Question 14

Consequence (C)

Answer 14

Consequence or result of the behavior

Question 15

Reinforcement

Answer 15

Applying a positive stimulus or removing a negative stimulus to subsequently strengthen a particular response of the reinforcement followed.

Question 16

Reinforcer

Answer 16

Any stimulus (object or event) that increases the frequency of a response that it followed.

Question 17

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 17

Occur from giving or applying a positive reinforcer after a desired response is made.
-> You add something good

Question 18

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 18

Occurs from removing or avoiding an unpleasant situation
-> Subtract something bad

Question 19

Punishments

Answer 19

Delivery of an unpleasant stimulus or the removal of a pleasant stimulus following a response with the aim of decreasing the likelihood of a behviour being repeated.

Question 20

Positive Punishments

Answer 20

The delivery of an unpleasant stimulus following an undesirable response
-> PLUS BAD

Question 21

Negative Punishments

Answer 21

The removal of a pleasant stimulus following an undesired response -> MINUS GOOD

Question 22

Reinforcement + Punishment aim

Answer 22

Reinforcement aims to increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated

Punishment aims to decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated

Question 23

Observational Learning (social learning)

Answer 23

Occurs when someone uses observational of another person’s actions and their consequences to guide their future actions

Question 24

Attention

Answer 24

Actively watching the modeled behavior and the consequences of behavior

Question 25

Retention

Answer 25

Remember what has been observed by forming a mental representation of what has been viewed

Question 26

Reproduction

Answer 26

Be physically and intellectual capable of imitating the behavior

Question 27

Motivation

Answer 27

Have some desire to imitate the behavior

Question 28

Reinforcement

Answer 28

Likelihood of performing the behavior is strengthened if it results in a pleasurable outcome

Question 29

+) Internal Reinforcement

Answer 29

received from yourself as a consequence of doing the behaviour

Question 30

+) External Reinforcement

Answer 30

received from someone else as a consequence of doing the behavior

Question 31

+) Vicarious Reinforcement

Answer 31

Viewing a model being reinforced can strengthen the behavior in an observer

Question 32

+) Direct Reinforcement

Answer 32

Delivered to the learner as an incentive