Learning

Question 1

Classical Conditioning

Answer 1

Involves forming an association between two stimuli resulting in a learned response.

Question 2

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 2

It produces a unconditional response.

Question 3

Unconditioned response

Answer 3

A natural response that we have no control over.

Question 4

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 4

It produces a conditional response.

Question 5

Conditioned response

Answer 5

It is given by a conditioned stimulus.

Question 6

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 6

The reappearance of a conditioned response that had been extinguished.

Question 7

Generalisation

Answer 7

We respond not only to the original stimulus, but also to other similar stimuli.

Question 8

Discrimination

Answer 8

We learn to respond only to the original stimulus and not to the others.

Question 9

Extinction

Answer 9

When an association is broken.

Question 10

Operant conditioning

Answer 10

Requires learning from the consequences of our behaviour.

Question 10

Behaviour shaping

Answer 10

Positive - encourages positive behaviour
Negative - strengthens behaviour to avoid punishment
Punishment - weakens behaviour as they get punishment

Question 11

Phobia

Answer 11

Irrational fear of something.

Can be developed from a single event. (Little Albert)

Question 12

Curing Phobias

Systematic Desensitisation

Answer 12

Gradual exposure of the phobia. In stages
+ Effective. + Less stressful than flooding.
- Takes longer than flooding. - Costs a lot.

Question 13

Curing Phobias

Flooding

Answer 13

Immediate exposure.
Body becomes exhausted - emotional reaction is over - the fear can be confronted.
+ Cheap and easy to do. - Therapist has control over the patient.

Question 14

Token Economy

Answer 14

Dealing with unwanted behaviour. Using tokens you can reinforce the desired behaviour.
+ Easy and immediate results. -The patient becomes dependent on the tokens and is unable to fit in society.

Question 15

Aversion therapy

Answer 15

Remove unwanted behaviour by associating it through conditioning with something unpleasant. + Good for serious behavioural problems.
- Not always permanent. Younger people at risk of relapse.

Question 16

Practical implication of Aversion Therapy

Answer 16

To stop biting their nails, they put on nail varnish. This would leave an unpleasant taste and after awhile they would stop biting associating it with the bad taste.

Question 17

Practical implication of Aversion Therapy

Answer 17

To stop biting their nails, they put on nail varnish. This would leave an unpleasant taste and after awhile they would stop biting associating it with the bad taste.