Sex And Gender

Question 0

Gender

Answer 0

The psychological and cultural aspects of maleness and femaleness.

Question 1

Sex

Answer 1

The biological aspects of our individual.

E.G A child’s sex is identified at birth by its genitals.

Question 2

Sex identity

Answer 2

The biological status of being a male or female.

Question 3

Gender identity

Answer 3

Our sense of being a female or male.

Question 4

Subconscious

Answer 4

All psychological problems are rooted in past experience mostly childhood.

Question 5

ID

Answer 5

Containing our basic instincts and drives is present at birth.

Question 6

Ego

Answer 6

Develops at age 3, we begin to understand what we cannot always have what we want. We begin to find realistic and safe ways to satisfy our desires.

Question 7

Super Ego

Answer 7

Develops at age 6 and is the moral part of our personality. It is concerned with the right and wrong behaviour.

Question 8

Displacement

Answer 8

Transferring our negative feelings towards something that will not harm us.

Question 9

Sublimation

Answer 9

Challenging negative energies into an acceptable activity.

Question 10

Identification

Answer 10

Adopting and internalising the ideas and behaviours of another person.

Question 11

Retrospective Data

Answer 11

Data obtained from a person’s memories.

Question 12

Counterbalancing

Answer 12

Any experimental design in which subjects receive all treatment, but in different orders.

Question 13

Oedipus Complex

Answer 13

Happening in the subconscious, when a son has an unaware sexual desire for his mother however has castration anxiety from his father, and copy’s dad for identification and his gender identity.

Question 14

Electra Complex

Answer 14

When a daughter has an unaware sexual desire for her father and has penis envy, however knowing that she cannot have one, she focus on wanting a baby. The girl represses her feelings of blaming her mother and finds her gender identity of taking the female gender role.

Question 15

Psychosexual stages of development

Answer 15

Oral 0 - 2 age
Anal 2 - 3 age
Phallic 3 - 7 age
Latency 7 - 11 age
Genital 11 - Adult

Question 16

Social learning theory

Modelling

Answer 16

A role model gives an example for the child to copy.

Question 17

Social learning theory

Imitation

Answer 17

The child copies the role model.

Question 18

Social learning theory

Reinforcement

Answer 18

Learning is rewarded if it is good or punished if it is bad.

Question 19

Social learning theory

Vicarious Reinforcement

Answer 19

Watching someone else being rewarded.

Question 20

Gender Schema

Answer 20

A Schema can be strengthened or changed as a result of experience.

Question 21

Gender Labelling

Age 3 years

Answer 21

Realisation that boys and girls are different.

Question 22

Gender Stability

Age 3 - 5

Answer 22

They know boys will become men and girls will become women.

Question 23

Gender Constancy

Age 6+ years

Answer 23

They use their Schemas to adopt the gender identity of a male or female.

Question 24

Evaluation of the Psychodynamic approach

Answer 24

Impossible to prove by experiment. Doesn’t take into account genes, brain or hormones. Based on abnormal cases so we can’t apply it to everyone.

Question 25

Schema theory of Gender Development Evaluation

Answer 25

It ignores genes and hormones. Easiest to test. Schema theory seem to be the best explanation (ecologically valid).

Question 26

Evaluation Psychodynamic theory of Gender

Answer 26

Occurs in the subconscious. Starts in the phallic stage (Oedipus complex). Identification with the same sex parent.

Question 27

Biological Differences Male

Answer 27

Chromosome - XY { Sex hormones - testosterone }
Reproductive organs - Testes
Genitals - Penis & Scrotem

Question 28

Biological Differences Female

Answer 28

Chromosomes - XX { Sex Hormones - Oestrogen & Progesterone }
Reproductive organs - Ovaries
Genitals - Vagina & Clitoris