Learning

Question 1

Skinner is associated with?

Answer 1

Operant conditioning

Question 2

Pavlov is associated with?

Answer 2

Classical Conditioning

Question 3

Thorndike is associated with _____ Conditioning and __________?

Answer 3

Operant Conditioning

Law of Effect

Question 4

Watson is associated with ______ Conditioning and __________?

Answer 4

Classical Conditioning

Stimulus Generalization

Question 5

Classical Conditioning is based on _______

Answer 5

Pairing

Question 6

Operant Conditioning is based on _______

Answer 6

Reinforcement

Question 7

What is a US?
CS?
UR?
CR?

Answer 7

US is the Unconditioned Stimulus (universal trigger)
CS is the Conditioned Stimulus (paired trigger)
UR is the Unconditioned Response (universal response)
CR is the Conditioned Response (paired response)

Question 8

What is Forward Conditioning?

Answer 8

A CS (Bell) is followed by a US (Meat Powder) which is followed by the UR (Salivate). The CS (Bell) then evokes the CR/UR (Salivate)

Question 9

What is Backward Conditioning?

Answer 9

A US (Meat Powder) is paired with CS (Bell) and a CR never occurs.

Question 10

What is Delay Conditioning?

Answer 10

A CS (Bell ringing) is presented and a US (Meat Powder) overlaps.

Question 11

What is Trace Conditioning?

Answer 11

A CS is presented then ends. Then a US is presented and ends.

Question 12

What is Second Order or Higher Order Conditioning?

Answer 12

A CS1 elicits a US. Then CS2 is paired with CS1 and comes to yield CR2.

Question 13

What is Stimulus Generalization?

Answer 13

A CS (White mice) elicits a CR (fear) and another similar stimulus (White bunnies) also elicits the same CR (fear). 
(White mice=fear ->White bunnies=fear)

Question 14

What is Response Generalization?

Answer 14

Elicit a similar but not the same response to a specific stimuli (peck at a disc on the floor, also peck at discs on wall)

Question 15

What is Classical Extinction?

Answer 15

Present the CS (tone) by itself repeatedly.

Question 16

What is Operant Extinction?

Answer 16

Stop reinforcing the behavior.

Question 17

What is Habituation?

Answer 17

Repeated presentations of US (freeway) no longer causes UR (startle).

Question 18

What is Satiation?

Answer 18

Rewards become less reinforcing.

Question 19

What is Positive Reinforcement?

Answer 19

Give a REWARD (sticker) after the desired behavior (completed homework) is exhibited. Behavior is more likely to happen again.

Question 20

What is Positive Punishment?

Answer 20

PAIN action (yell) after an undesired behavior (nose picking) is exhibited. Behavior is less likely to happen in the future.

Question 21

What is Negative Reinforcement?

Answer 21

Give RELIEF (avoid being yelled at) after the desired behavior is exhibited (use tissue). Behavior is more likely to happen again.

Question 22

What is Negative Punishment?

Answer 22

LOSS (take away a coin) after an undesired behavior (nose picking) is exhibited. Behavior is less likely to happen again.

Question 23

Positive is ____

Answer 23

something ADDED

Question 24

Negative is _____

Answer 24

something REMOVED

Question 25

Reinforcement will ______

Answer 25

INCREASE behavior

Question 26

Punishment will _______

Answer 26

DECREASE behavior

Question 27

Orders of Reinforcement Strongest to Weakest are?

Answer 27

``` Variable Ratio (slot machine) Fixed Ratio (paid every 5 clients) Variable Interval (random drug tests) Fixed Interval (paycheck every month) ```

Question 28

Which type of reinforcement has a scalloped shape?

Answer 28

Fixed ( i fix scallops for dinner)

Question 29

What happens in Behavioral Contrast?

Answer 29

Behavior A and Behavior B are both reinforced. Behavior A is no longer reinforced, but B continues to be reinforced. Behavior A decreases/ceases and Behavior B increases. ex)

Question 30

What is the Premack Principle?

Answer 30

Use a high frequency (video games) behavior to reinforce a low frequency (wash dishes) behavior. ex) After washing dishes they get to play video games.

Question 31

______ created Reciprocal Determinism which is ______

Answer 31

Bandura | a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment.