Learning

Question 0

What is Response learning?

Answer 0

The form of learning in which one links together chains of stimuli and responses.

Question 1

What is Stimulus Descrimination?

Answer 1

The ability to discriminate between different but similar stimuli.

Question 2

What is Perceptual Learning or Concept Learning?

Answer 2

Learning about something in general rather than learning specific stimulus-response chains.

Question 3

What is Autonomic Conditioning?

Answer 3

Refers to evoking responses of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 4

What is State Dependent learning?

Answer 4

The concept that what a person learns in one state is best recalled in that state.

Question 5

What is Latent Learning?

Answer 5

Learning that takes place without reinforcement and is revealed at some other time.

Question 6

What is Incidental Learning?

Answer 6

Accidental learning. As an example pets may become scared of riding in cars because they learn it means they are going to the vet.

Question 7

What is Superstitious Behavior?

Answer 7

It occurs when someone “learns” that a specific action causes an event but, in reality, the 2 are unrelated.

Question 8

What is Habituation?

Answer 8

The decreasing responsiveness to a stimulus as a result of increasing familiarity with the stimulus.

Question 9

What is Sensitization?

Answer 9

Increased sensitivity to the environment following the presentation of a strong stimulus.

Question 10

What is Overshadowing?

Answer 10

In classical conditioning, the concept referring to an animal’s inability to infer a relationship between a particular stimulus and response due to the presence of a more prominent stimulus.

Question 11

What is Autoshaping?

Answer 11

Refers to experiments in which an apparatus allows the animal to control its reinforcements through behaviors, such as bar pressing.

Question 12

What does Social Learning Theory posit?

Answer 12

Individuals learn through their culture. People learn what are acceptable and unacceptable behaviors through interacting in society.

Question 13

What is Preparedness?

Answer 13

The concept that certain associations are learned more easily than others.

Question 14

What is the difference between continuous and discrete motor tasks?

Answer 14

A continuous motor task is one such as riding a bike. Once started it comes naturally. A discrete task is one that is divided into different parts that do not facillitate the recall of each other, like setting up a chess board.

Question 15

What is positive transfer?

Answer 15

Previous learning that makes it easier to learn another task later.

Question 16

Who first described the learning curve?

Answer 16

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Question 17

What is the overjustification effect?

Answer 17

When you get paid for something you enjoy, it often leads to reduced enjoyment.

Question 18

Who is credited with writing the first educational psych textbook?

Answer 18

Thorndike in 1903.

Question 19

Scaffolding learning is what?

Answer 19

It occurs when the teacher encourages the student to learn independently and only gives assistance when topics are beyond the students capabilities.

Question 20

What does Clark Hull say about Performence?

Answer 20

Performance = Drive x Habit.

Individuals are first motivated by drive and they will then do what has worked in the past to satisfy the drive.

Question 21

What does Neil Miller’s approach- avoidance conflict refer to?

Answer 21

The state one feels when a certain goal has both pros and cons. Typically, the further one is from a goal, the more pros they focus on in order to reach the goal. The closer they are, the more cons they focus on for reasons to avoid the goal.

Question 22

The idea that people are motivated to do what they don’t want to do by rewarding themselves afterward with something they like to do is called what?

Answer 22

The Premack Principle

Question 23

In classical conditioning, the CS stimulus is presented and terminated before the UCS is presented. This is what type of conditioning?

Answer 23

Trace conditioning

Question 24

What is trace conditioning?

Answer 24

A type of classical conditioning the CS stimulus is presented and terminated before the UCS is presented.

Question 25

What is another name for operant conditioning?

Answer 25

Instrumental conditioning

Question 26

What is another name for shaping?

Answer 26

Differential reinforcement of successive approximations.

Question 27

Edward Tolman’s expectancy-value theory states what?

Answer 27

Performance = Expectation x Value

People are motivated by goals that they think they might actually meet and how important the goal is.

Question 28

Who postulated the Yerkes-Dodson effect?

Answer 28

Donald Hebb

Question 29

What is the Yerkes-Dodson effect?

Answer 29

A medium amount of arousal is best for performance. Too little or too much arousal could hamper tasks. Specifically, for simple tasks, the optimal amount of arousal is high. For complex tasks, the optimal amount of arousal is lower so the individual is not anxious to perform well.