Learning about the social world

Question 1

At what age comes the emergence of understanding others’ intentions

Answer 1

around 6 months old

Question 2

At what age can children distinguish between intentional and accidental
actions

Answer 2

at 9 months old - enables the emergence of joint attention and imitation

Question 3

Why is it important to understand intentions?

Answer 3

• Step towards understanding the minds of others (But cannot yet understand the psychological motivations behind
  intentions)
• Enables joint attention
• Enables imitation

Question 4

What is joint attention

Answer 4

The shared attention of 2 people on the same object or event AND
awareness that they are paying attention to the same thing

Question 5

At what age does joint attention emmerge

Answer 5

between 9-12 months old

Question 6

Theory of Mind

Answer 6

Ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others, and to
understand that other people can have desires, knowledge, and
beliefs that differ from one’s own

Question 7

Around what age Understanding that desires lead to actions emerges

Answer 7

1 year of age

Question 8

What study shows that babies of 1 year old understand that desires lead to actions

Answer 8

Violation of expectation paradigm - oh look at that cute kitty. takes other kitty. “What? - Looks at that scene longer” Understands that the intention was to take th eother kitty.

Question 9

reflex that shows that babies are born with implicit sense of self as separate from others

Answer 9

rooting reflex - if someone brushes their cheek, infant will turn in
direction of touch and open their mouth
but if infant touches their own cheek, will not turn in that direction

Question 10

rouge test - what is it and at what age do children start passing th test

Answer 10

the child who touches the rouge on his own nose upon looking into a mirror demonstrates the basic ability to understand self-awareness.

-18to24 yo pass the test

Question 11

at what age can children predict a character’s actions based on the character’s
desires, rather than based on their own desires

Answer 11

around 2 years old

Question 12

what allows basic development of theory of mind?

Answer 12

• Maturation of brain regions involved in understanding others
• Improved executive functioning ability
• Interactions with other people

Question 13

What brain area is consistently active across different theory of mind tasks

Answer 13

Temporoparietal junction (TPJ)

Question 14

Parents saying «he wants that» talking about mind of others, what concept does it refer to

Answer 14

Mental state talk, correlated with preschoolers theory of mind ability