Learning and Hearing Flashcards
(148 cards)
What is long-term potentiation (LTP)?
A persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity that can vary in length of time. It also increases the likelihood to fire an action potential.
If a mouse is placed in a pool of murky water, it will swim about until it finds a hidden platform to climb out on. With repetition, the mouse soon learns to locate the platform more quickly. This is an example of ________ .
Long-Term Potentiation
What does synaptic plasticity do?
It changes the structure or biochemistry of synapses that alters neuronal activity resulting in changes in the strength of connections/communication between neurons
The process of which experiences changes the nervous system and our behavior is _____ .
Learning
_______ is not stored but learned they change the way we perceive, perform (motor responses), think, and plan.
Experiences
The four basic forms of learning are:
Perceptual
Stimulus (Response)
Motor
Relational
Recognize a stimulus that has been perceived before. This type of learning relies mostly on vision and helps us make sense of what we see, hear, smell, or taste.
Perceptual Learning
Why is perceptual learning important?
It allows us to recognize faces or dangerous situations that occur. It is very important mostly for infants because it helps them receive, interpret and understand sensory input/environment.
Automatically making a response in presence of a specific stimulus. It also establishes a connection between our perceptions and motor movement.
Stimulus-Response Learning
Classical and Operant/Instrumental Condition is what type of learning?
Stimulus-Response Learning because the behavior can be automatic (classical) or a sequence of volunatary movements (operant)
_______ Involves a biological involuntary response, such as sweating or blinking. It also is not dependent on consequences.
Classical Conditioning
_______ Involves voluntary motor movement that is dependent on consequences. The effects of a particular behavior in a situation can increase (reinforce) or decrease (punish) the behavior.
Instrumental (Operant) Conditioning
A stimulus that has no automatic response/effect on behavior, for example, a bell ringing.
Neutral Stimulus
A stimulus that leads to an automatic response that is not learned, for example, food can cause drooling.
Unconditioned Stimulus
A response that is automatic to a stimulus, for example, salivating at food.
Unconditioned Response
A learned stimulus that causes a response and that used to be neutral, for example, the sound of the bell is associated with food.
Conditioned Stimulus
A response that is automatic to a conditioned stimulus, for example, salivating at the sound of a bell.
Conditioned Response.
What is the most efficient way of learning classical conditioning faster?
By having a 1-second delay because the longer the delay the longer it takes to learn/respond.
______ Is the phase during which a conditioned response is formed.
Acquisition
_______ Is the reduction or elimination of the conditioned response after the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus. This can cause a break in association and a decrease in frequency.
Extinction
Why does extinction sometimes not work in operant conditioning?
It can create extinction bursts/excessive responses.
An increase in the frequency or intensity of the unwanted behavior when the extinction is present is an _______ .
Extinction Burst
When one puts money in a vending machine, he then pushes the buttons indicating his selection. If nothing comes out of the machine, it is likely that he will push the buttons again and again.
This is an example of an extinction burst
Reemergence of an extinct conditioned response after a delay is ________ . The response will also not be as strong as previously.
Spontaneous recovery