Learning And Memory Flashcards
what is learning mediated by?
structural changes in the synapses
what does LTP stand for?
Long Term Potentiation
what is LTP?
a long-lasting increase in synaptic efficacy following high-frequency stimulation of afferent fibers
what does LTP do in the hippocampus?
it enhances the ability of a stimulus to produce cell firing=learning
What do NMDA and AMPA do?
they are receptors of glutamate and mediate excitatory synaptic transmission by gating the flow of calcium and sodium ions into the cell
What is NMDA selective to?
calcium ions
what is AMPA selective to?
sodium ions
what is AMPA selective to?
sodium ions
what is the Key Hebbian principle?
“cells which fire together wire together, cells which fire apart wire apart”
what is Long term depression (LTD)?
decrease in synaptic strength due to low fequency stimulation of a neuron
what does LTD result in
forgetting previous learning
what is explicit memory?
information that you’re trying to remember is stored here
what is the medial temporal lobe - HM Case?
removal of the hippocampus and surrounding cortex caused him to forget the events of his daily life as fast as they occur
what is implicit memory?
memory of actions
examples of implict memory include..
priming, mirror-drawing task
what is the perirhinal cortex?
responsible fo linking aspects of information about objects important for object recognition
what is the striatum?
role is to form stimulus-response associations for example habits
in 1924 Jenkins and Dallenback observed that..
sleep facilitates long-term memory formation as p’s displayed improved memory of nonsense syllables
what is the dual process hypothesis?
declarative (explicit) memory benefits from non-rem sleep and nondeclarative memory is supported by rem sleep
what is the sequential hypothesis (SH)?
memories acquired during wakefulness are processed during sleep in two serial steps respectively occurring during slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
Accoridng to the SH what happens to memories during non-rem sleep?
nonadaptive memories are weakened
Accoridng to the SH what happens to memories during rem sleep?
adaptive memories are integrated and stored in preexisting knowledge networks
what is the active system consolidation hypothesis (ASC)?
an active process which redistributes encoded memories from the hippocampus
