Learning approaches: Social learning theory

Question 1

Social learning theory agrees with behaviourists that behaviour is learned from __________

Answer 1

experience

Question 2

Bandura’s social learning theory proposed a different way in which people learn, through…

Answer 2

observation and imitation of others

Question 3

Social learning theory suggests that learning occurs ________, through classical and operant conditioning

Answer 3

directly

Question 4

Social learning theory suggests that learning occurs directly, through…

Answer 4

classical and operant conditioning

Question 5

True/False: Bandura suggested that learning occurs only directly through classical and operant conditioning

Answer 5

False, it can occur indirectly too

Question 6

What is social learning theory often described as?

Answer 6

The ‘bridge’ between behaviourist learning theory and the cognitive approach

Question 7

Social learning theory focuses on how what are involved in learning?

Answer 7

Cognitive factors

Question 8

SLT focuses on how cognitive factors _______ in the learning process to determine whether a new response is acquired

Answer 8

mediate

Question 9

SLT focuses on how cognitive factors mediate in the learning process to…

Answer 9

determine whether a new response is acquired

Question 10

How many meditational processes were identified by Bandura

Answer 10

4

Question 11

Name the four mediational processes identified by Bandura

Answer 11

Attention, Retention, Motor reproduction and motivation

Question 12

Attention

Answer 12

The extent to which we notice certain behaviours

Question 13

Retention

Answer 13

How well the behaviour is remembered

Question 14

Motor reproduction

Answer 14

The ability of the observer to perform the behaviour

Question 15

Motivation

Answer 15

The will to perform the behaviour, which is often determined by whether the behaviour was rewarded or punished

Question 16

What do attention and retention relate to?

Answer 16

The learning of behaviour

Question 17

What do motor reproduction and motivation refer to?

Answer 17

The performance of behaviour

Question 18

True/False: Unlike traditional behaviourism, in SLT the learning and performance of behaviour need not to occur together

Answer 18

True

Question 19

SLT says that observed behaviours may be stored by the observer and…

Answer 19

reproduced at a later time

Question 20

SLT says that for indirect learning to take place what does an individual need to do?

Answer 20

Observe the behaviour of others

Question 21

Vicarious reinforcement

Answer 21

When an individual observes a behaviour and the consequence of that behaviour to identify whether it is desirable or not

Question 22

SLT says that imitation only generally occurs if behaviour is seen to be rewarded/punished

Answer 22

rewarded

Question 23

When does vicarious reinforcement occur?

Answer 23

Generally when someone sees behaviour being rewarded

Question 24

During vicarious reinforcement, the learner observes…

Answer 24

a behaviour but most importantly also the consequences of a behaviour

Question 25

People are more likely to imitate people they ________ with

Answer 25

identify

Question 26

People are more likely to imitate people they identify with, especially who?

Answer 26

Children

Question 27

The person someone identifies with is called a ____ _____

Answer 27

role model

Question 28

What is the process of imitating a role model called?

Answer 28

modelling

Question 29

How does a person become a role model?

Answer 29

If they are seen to possess similar characteristics to the observer and/or are attractive and have a high status

Question 30

True/False: Role models may not necessarily be present in the environment

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Role models may not necessarily be physically present in the environment. This has important implications for...

Answer 31

the influence of the media on behaviour

Question 32

True/False: SLT recognises the importance of cognitive factors in learning

Answer 32

True

Question 33

True/False: Neither classical nor operate conditioning can offer an adequate account of learning on their own

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Humans and animals store information about the behaviour of others and use this to do what?

Answer 34

Make judgements about when it is appropriate to perform certain actions

Question 35

Humans and animals store information about the behaviour of others and use this to make judgements about when it is appropriate to perform certain actions. Which approach is this an example of?

Answer 35

Social learning theory

Question 36

The fact that social learning theory recognises the importance of cognitive factors in learning and humans and animals store information about the behaviour of others and use this to make judgements about when it is appropriate to perform certain actions suggests what about social learning theory?

Answer 36

It provides a more comprehensive explanation of human learning by recognising the role of mediational processes

Question 37

True/False: The evidence base for social learning theory was gathered through field experiments

Answer 37

False, lab studies

Question 38

Many of Bandura's ideas were developed through observation of young children's behaviour where?

Answer 38

In the lab

Question 39

It has been suggested that because the main purpose of Bandura's Bobo doll is to strike it, the children were doing what?

Answer 39

Simply behaving in a way they thought was expected

Question 40

Lab studies are often criticised for their _________ nature

Answer 40

contrived

Question 41

Lab studies are often criticised for their contrived nature. What does this mean?

Answer 41

Participants may respond to demand characteristics

Question 42

The fact that evidence for SLT was gathered through lab studies suggests that the research may tell us...

Answer 42

little about how children actually learn aggression in everyday life

Question 43

Bandura emphasised r_________ d__________

Answer 43

reciprocal determinism

Question 44

Bandura emphasised reciprocal determinism in what sense?

Answer 44

The sense that we are not merely influenced by our external environment but we also exert an influence upon it, through the behaviours we choose to perform

Question 45

The element of choice suggested by reciprocal determinism suggests that there is some what in the way we behave?

Answer 45

Free will

Question 46

How does Bandura's emphasis on reciprocal determinism contrast the behaviourist approach?

Answer 46

The behaviourist approach denies the possibility of free will

Question 47

SLT has been criticised for making too little reference to the influence of what on social learning?

Answer 47

Biological factors

Question 48

True/False: Bandura claimed natural biological differences influenced our learning potential

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Although Bandura claimed natural biological differencs ifluenced our learning potential, he thought that...

Answer 49

learning itself was determined by the environment

Question 50

Research suggests that observational learning, of the kind that Bandura was talking about, may be the result of what?

Answer 50

Mirror neurons in the brain

Question 51

What do mirror neurons in the brain allow us to do?

Answer 51

Empathise with and imitate other people

Question 52

The fact that observational learning of the kind Bandura was talking about may be the result of mirror neurons in the brain allows us to empathise with and imitate other people suggests that biological influences on social learning were...

Answer 52

under-emphasised in SLT

Question 53

True/False: Principles of SLT have been applied to a range of real-world behaviours

Answer 53

True

Question 54

True/False: SLT is unable to explain cultural differences in behaviour

Answer 54

False,it can

Question 55

SLT principles such as _________, _________ and _____________ can account for how children learn from others around them

Answer 55

modelling, imitation and reinforcement

Question 56

SLT principles such as modelling, imitation and reinforcement can account for how children learn from others around them (including/discluding the media)

Answer 56

including

Question 57

The fact that SLT principles can account for how children learn from others around them can explain how cultural...

Answer 57

norms are transmitted through particular societies

Question 58

Give an example of how SLT principles accounting for how children learn from others around them and explaining how norms are transmitted through particular societies can be useful in understanding a range of behaviours

Answer 58

Things such as how children come to understand their gender role

Question 59

Principles of SLT have been applied to a range of real-world behaviour. How does this increase the value of the approach?

Answer 59

It can account for real-world behaviour