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Y5 Psych > Learning Disabilities > Flashcards

Learning Disabilities Flashcards

1
Q

define IQ of profound LD

A

<20

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2
Q

define mild LD IQ

A

50-69

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3
Q

define IQ of moderate LD q

A

35 - 50

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4
Q

define LD of severe IQ

A

20-35

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5
Q

how is LD diagnosed

A

clinical assessment
- IQ
- ask about reading / writing

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6
Q

list indicators of LD

A

difficulty reading writing
difficulty achieving skills
LD register
attended special school
communication issues

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7
Q

prevalence of mild LD

A

2-3/100

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8
Q

cause of mild LD

A

no specific cause

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9
Q

prevalance of mod/severe/profound LD

A

3/1000

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10
Q

what are downs people at risk of in their 40-50s

A

early alzheimers

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11
Q

boys
large ears
long face
smiley

A

fragile X syndrome

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12
Q

physical illness issues of LD

A

higher risk of obesity due to poor diet
increased epilepsy risk
hearing / visual loss

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13
Q

psychiatric co-morbidities of LD

A

schizophrenia 3% vs 1% general
4x more likely to have depression/anxiety
autism - 75% have LD

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14
Q

biological vulnerability factors for mental illness

A

brain damage / epilepsy
vision / hearing impairments
genetics- autism, behavioural
drugs / alchol abuse
medication - epilepsy meds can cause behaviour / IQ issues

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15
Q

family vulnerability factors for mental illness

A

diagnostic issues causing bereavement like Sx
isolated - limited networks
overbearing parents
difficulties letting go

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16
Q

psychological vulnerability factors for mental illness

A

rejection / deprivation
low self esteem
communication issues
abuse

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17
Q

social vulnerability factors for mental illness

A

prejudice
poor support due to social skills
inappropriate services / environment
financial disadvantage

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18
Q

challenging behaviour in LD

A

culturally abnormal behaviour
persistent behaviour
limits use of community services

19
Q

how to communicate with LD patient

A

no jargon
speak slower
use signs to indicate what you mean
open questions as they can be suggestible
allow plenty of time

20
Q

Mx of mental health problems in LD

A

monitor efficacy of meds +/- side effects
MDT
work with social networks eg family
capacity to consent with MCA

21
Q

Mx of mental health problems in LD q

A

use same meds as normal
start low, go slow
- ?higher sensitivity to drugs / side effects

22
Q

psychological interventions for LD

A

behavioural - ABC
CBT
family education / therapy
psychodynamic psychotherapy
creative / complementary therapies - art / drama / aromatherapy

23
Q

what is the ABC approach in psych therapy

A

antecedents - behaviour - consequences

24
Q

social interventions in LD

A

community inclusion - valued social role, dignity, meaningful activities
avoid under/overstimulation
safe guard against abuse

25
Q

what is ASD

A

neurodevelopmental disorder with social communication issues

26
Q

describe the ASD spectrum

A

severe –> autism –> high functioning / aspergers

27
Q

3 core domains of ASD Sx

A
  • reciprocal social interactions
  • verbal / non verbal communication
  • restricted / repetitive behaviours or interests
28
Q

what variability is shown in ASD

A

cognitive ability
severity of Sx
language skills

29
Q

describe ASD development pattern

A

delay in development
regression of milestones achieved

30
Q

describe milestones missed in ASD

A

no social smile
atypical attachment pattern - don’t attach to carer
don’t interact with peers / family

31
Q

presentation features of ASD

A

routines - can not deviate from this
repetitive behaviour
fixations on certain things
sensory seeking behaviour

32
Q

presentation features of ASD in adults

A

unable to interpret gestures / idioms
fixed routines

33
Q

what is aspergers

A

similar to ASD/part of ASD spectrum but they have no issues with expressive language

34
Q

prevalence of ASD

A

1% UK / 0.6% globally

35
Q

why have prevalence of ASD increased

A

more awareness of ASD to get more diagnoses
improved survival rates of genetic conditions associated with ASD

36
Q

what is heritability % of ASD

A

80-90%

37
Q

why is heritability so high in ASD

A

due to wide range of phenotypes, and some multigenetic causes

38
Q

pathology causes of ASD

A

abnormalities in major cortical / subcortical brain structures
increased cerebellar volume - ?too many synapse connections
elevated serotonin in blood

39
Q

gold standard tool for diagnosis of ASD

A

autism diagnostic observatory schedule (ADOS)
- examiner sits with patient and tried to elicit ASD behaviour

40
Q

min age for ADOS to be used to diagnose ASD

A

2 years old

41
Q

genetic conditions associated with ASD

A

fragile X
Di george
mitochondrial disorder
downs
prader-willi
angleman
epilepsy ?

42
Q

Mx for ASD

A

bio
- manage medical conditions, psychopharmacology
social
- reasonable adjustments, edicational interventions
psych
- therapy

43
Q

what meds & when can be used in ASD

A

only if comorbid conditions
- SSRIs - fluoxetine for obsessions
- irritability = aripiprazole / risperidone
- dopamine antagonists for stereotypical motor behaviour

Y5 Psych (10 decks)

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