Learning disabilities

Question 1

What are the 3 features of a generalised learning disability?

Answer 1

1. onset in childhood
2. lower intellectual ability (IQ <70)
3. significant impairment in social or adaptive functioning

Question 2

What is the most common cause of learning disability? The most common inherited cause?

Answer 2

Most common: Down syndrome

Most common inherited: fragile X syndrome

Question 3

Name common psychiatric disorders seen in people with LDs.

Answer 3

1. anxiety disorders (16%)
2. mood disorders (up to 6%)
3. schizophrenia (1.3-3.7%)

Question 4

Name common physical disorders associated with LDs.

Answer 4

1. epilepsy (20-30%): greater risk of being treatment-resistant, higher rate of polypharmacy, higher mortality rate (SUDEP)
2. hypothyroidism
3. visual/hearing impairment
4. cerebral palsy
5. motor problems