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Micro B3 > Learning Exercises Questions > Flashcards

Learning Exercises Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Vanco resistance

A

Staph A

Enterococcus Faecalis

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2
Q

Lobar pneumonia

A

Strep. pneumoniae

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3
Q

Meningitis in patients older than 10?

A

Strep pneumoniae

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4
Q

Meningitis in neonates

A

Group B Strep

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5
Q

2 overall?

Meningitis in school-aged/college-aged

A

N. meningitidis

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6
Q

Meningitis in children less than 3? And elderly?

A

HIB

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7
Q

Soft tissue abscess?

A

Staph

consider Acinetobacter baumannii for post traumatic wound abscess

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8
Q

Beta lactamase?

A

Staph

HIB

Moraxella catarrhalis

N. Gonorrhea

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9
Q

septic arthritis?

A

Staph. A (osteomyelitis, also)

N. Gonorrhea

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10
Q

Rheumatic fever?

A

Strep. pyogenes

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11
Q

UTIs?

A
  1. E. Coli

2. Staph Sapropytic

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12
Q

vomiting/cramping within 4 hours of eating?

A

Staph A

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13
Q

Endocarditis?

A

Staph epidermidis

Strep pyogenes

Viridans, too (but less common)

Consider corynebacterium diptheriae

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14
Q

Lesions at site of entry?

A

B. Anthracis (black eschar)

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15
Q

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis?

A

Staph A. - Scalded Skin Syndrome

(from exfoliatin toxin)

Localized red rash following conjuntivitis/URI followed by rupturing of large bullae

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16
Q

Necrosis of tissue?

A

Y. Pestis

N. Meningitidis (secondary to meningitis)

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17
Q

Rash at site of invasion?

A

Staph A (scalded skin syndrome)

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18
Q

Impetigo?

A

Staph A

Strep pyogenes

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19
Q

Cellulitis?

A

Staph A

Strep pyogenes (GAS)

Vibrio vulnificus

(Occasional Aeromonas & Plesiomonas shigelloides)

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20
Q

Sinusitis?

A

Sterp. pneumoniae

HIB

Moraxella catarrhalis (3rd)

Chlamydia pneumoniae

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21
Q

Otitis media?

A

Strep pneumoniae

HIB

Moraxella catarrhalis

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22
Q

Nectrotizing fasciitis

A

Strep. pyogenes (GAS)

Vibrio vulnficus

Aeromonas spp.

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23
Q

Conjuntivitis?

A

HIB

Chlamydia gonorrhea (trachoma – leading cause of blindness)

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24
Q

Staph A virulence

A

proteases

Lipase

coagulase

fibrinolysin

Adhesive matrix molecules (biofilm)

Quorum sensing regulators

Superantigens

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25
Group A Strep virulence?
Erythrogenic toxin M protein (antiphagocytic) Hyaluronic acid Invasive enzymes/toxins Streptolysin O/S
26
Strep. pneumoniae virulence?
antiphagocytic capsule IgA protease penicillin resistance Invasive strains
27
Vibrio cholerae
enterotoxic extoxin (cholera toxin) hypersecretion of water and chloride (reverse ion transport) "rice water stools"
28
EHEC virulence?
verotoxin (aka Shiga toxin) "No fever"
29
ETEC virulence?
cholera-like toxin "traveler's diarrhea" releases heat-labile/heat stable enterotoxins
30
Haemophilus influenza
type b polysaccharide fimbriae IgA proteases Ciliostatic factor
31
Anaerobic microbes?
Clostridium Bacteroides fragilis (most prevalent)
32
Severe diarrhea?
Vibrio cholera Shigella
33
Bloody diarrhea?
Shigella (dysentery) EHEC STEC Y. Enterocolitica (Aeromonas spp.) (Plesiomonas shigelloides)
34
Gastroenteritis following shellfish?
Vibrio parahemolyticus Vibrio vunificus Plesiomonas shigelloides
35
UTI
E. Coli Staph Sapro
36
Rose spots?
Enteric fever (typhoid fever) Salmonella typhi & paratyphi
37
HUS?
EHEC (has verotoxin aka shiga toxin) primary type is O157:H7
38
Normal flora of skin/upper respiratory?
HIB (upper respiratory) Bacteroides fragilis (oropharynx, gut also) Staphylococcus epidermidis (skin) strep pneumoniae (upper respiratory)
39
PRIMARY Coliforms? I.e., normal flora of the intestinal tract?
Escherichia Klebsiella Enterobacter (bacteriodes fragilis, also)
40
Curved gram negative?
Vibrio Campylobacter jejuni (s-shaped, gull wings) Helicobacter pylori
41
microaerophile?
Campylobacter jejuni
42
Transmission from chicken or turkey?
Salmonella Campylobacter jejuni
43
ETEC vs EHEC
ETEC = traveler's diarrhea with fever EHEC = bloody diarrhea, with NO FEVER
44
Undercooked ground beef?
EHEC Campylobacter jejuni ?
45
Opportunistic pneumonia?
Klebsiella pneumoniae Also, consider (as they’re normal flora): Strep. pneumonia (normal flora) Haemophilus influenzae (may be normal flora)
46
Walking pneumonia? Military boot camps?
Mycoplasma pneumonia
47
Nosocomial (hospital acquired) UTIs?
E. Coli Enterococcus faecalis (Gram Pos in chains) Pseudomonas aeruginosa Less common.... Klebsiella pneumonia, enterobacter spp, Proteus spp,
48
Pertussis?
Bordetella pertussis (virulence = pertussis toxin, thick capsule, exudate)
49
Gram positive coccus in pairs?
Strep. pneumoniae
50
Gram negative coccus in pairs?
Moraxella catarrhalis N. meningitidis N. gonorrhoeae
51
Pleomorphic?
Legionella (GNB) Coryneform diptheriae (GPB) Bacteroides fragilis (GNB)
52
Acid-fast meaning?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has large amounts of mycolic acids & lipids in the cell wall that impair staining w/ aqueous stains Causes TB
53
Type of people affected by TB?
AIDS & crowded populations street people
54
Primary TB. What about it?
Mild/asymptomatic Tubercle bacilli taken up by alveolar macrophages where they multiply CMI slows growth/contains them in tubercles (epithelioid/giant cells) -- caused by cord factor
55
Latent phase of TB?
0 SSx 0 shedding of bacteria Skin Pos, chest neg
56
Secondary phase of TB?
CMI fails after years -- tuberlces become necrotic (caseous material) --> Ghon complex (tubercles + caseation in lymph nodes) Ghon complex ruptures, spread of infection CMI failure (miliary "bird seed" lesions). Expands to organs, esp. kidneys, bran, spleen, liver
57
Microbial virulence of TB?
Mycolic acid/waxy capsule
58
What keeps primary TB from becoming clinical TB?
CMI contains TB within tubercles... spontaneous healing in calcified tubercles
59
Why are multiple antiTB drugs prescribed?
High prevalence of resistance requires two-to-four drug regimen
60
Primary atypical pneumonia?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
61
Septic arthritis?
Staph A N. gonorrhoeae
62
Meningitis in neonates?
Group B strep
63
Major cause of meningitis (esp patients over 10)?
Strep. pneumoniae GPC in PAIRS Alpha hemolytic (antiphagocyic capsule, IgA protease, pen resistance on the up and up)
64
Fulminating meningitis?
HIB (children under 3 & elderly)
65
Meningitis #2?
N. meningitidis (Gram neg cocci in pairs) antiphagocytic capsule, pili, porin proteins, Endotoxin, IgA protease DIC
66
Pulmonary lesions in AIDS patients?
M. avium intracellulare complex (MAI/MAC)
67
Urethritis?
N. gonorrhoae Chlamydia
68
C. perfringens food poisioning?
Spores on undercooked meat germinate and then secrete enterotoxins
69
Fecal?
Campylobacter jejuni Shigella E. Coli C. Difficile
70
Soil contamination?
Acinetobacter baumannii listeria monocytogenes Bacillus cereus
71
Ticks?
Francisella tularenis Rickettsia
72
Flea?
Y. Pestis (flea) Murine typhus - R. typhi (flea)
73
Mite?
Scrub typhus (Orienta tsutsugamushi)
74
Louse?
Epidemic typhus (classical) R. prowazekii
75
Tetanus vs botulism
tetanus: neurotoxin, continuous muscle contraction (lockjaw) botulism: neurotoxin (foodborne), weakening of facial/throat muscles, nausea & vomiting
76
C. perfringens different from staph food poisoning how?
spores secrete enterotoxin
77
Rashes? Microbe & condition...
Staph A (LOCALIZED rash - TSS, TENS) Strep pyogenes (scarlet fever - erythrogenic toxin) Ricketssia/Orientia (Spotted fever/epidemic typhus/murine typhus/scrub typhus)
78
No fever or infrequently accompanied by fever?
Campylobacter jejuni (infrequent fever) EHEC (no fever)
79
Spore-formers?
Bacillus cereus Bacillus anthacis Clostridium difficile Clostridium perfringens Clostridium botulinum Clostridium tetani
80
Special culture required?
``` Coxiella Chlamydia Mycobacterium Mycoplasma Legionella Rickettsia ```
81
Endogenous?
bacteroides fragilis (anaerobe, normal flora in oropharnyx...)
82
Encapsulated?
``` Strep pyogenes Strep pneumoniae Yersinia pestis Pseudomonas aerigunosa Francisella tulanrensis Bordetella pertussis Haemophilus influenzae Neisseria meningitidis Salmonella ```

Micro B3 (13 decks)

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