Learning, memory, and thinking/intelligence Flashcards
in Pavlov’s classical conditioning research, a tone was used as the ____, and food inserted in the mouth served as the _____.
CS, UCS
you have a cat that runs to the sound of the cat food cabinet opening. the sound of the cabinet is the _____
conditioned stimulus.
in the experiment with little Albert, the UCS was ____.
the loud noise
in the experiment with little Albert, the CR was ____.
fear of the rat
any stimulus that follows a behavior and increases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated is called a ______.
reinforcer
any stimulus that follows a behavior and decreases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated is called a _____.
punisher
a reinforcer that adds something rewarding is a ____.
positive rienforcer
a reinforcer that eliminates something unpleasant is a ____.
negative reinforcer
a dolphin learns to swim toward a blue platform but not toward a red platform. this shows the concept of _____.
discrimination
in classical conditioning, the diminishing of the CR following the removal of the UCS is called ____.
extinction
piecework in a factory is an example of a ______ schedule of reinforcement.
fixed-ratio
a slot machine is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.
variable-ration
if you work a job where you get paid a salary every 2 weeks, you are being reinforced on a ______ schedule.
fixed-interval
“pop” quizzes are _____ schedules of reinforcement.
variable-interval
the results of Bandura’s Bobo doll studies illustrate _____.
observational learning
Continuing to take Advil because it alleviates headaches is an example of _____.
negative reinforcement
no longer parking in “no parking” zones because you lost money in fines for doing so is an example of _____.
negative punishment
which of the following types of memory holds sensory input until we can attend to and recognize it?
sensory memory
our short term memory capacity is ___ +/- 2 chunks.
7
the primacy and recency effects in free recall demonstrate that we have the greatest difficulty recalling the words _____ of a list.
in the middle
an essay test measures ____, and a multiple-choice test measures ____.
recall, recognition
the tendency to think of only the most typical uses of objects in a problem setting is called ____.
functional fixedness
what intelligence theorists defined intelligence as eight independent bits of intelligence?
Gardner
standardization:
process that allows test scores to be interpreted by providing test norms.
