Learning outcome 1

Question 1

The pulp of the grape contains…

Answer 1

Water, sugar, and acid.

Question 2

What colour is the skin of white grapes?

Answer 2

Golden

Question 3

How do tannins feel on your palate?

Answer 3

Dry and astringent.

Question 4

What do black grape skins contain?

Answer 4

Tannin As well as color and flavor compounds.

Question 5

What needs to be present for fermentation to occur?

Answer 5

Yeast and sugar

Question 6

How is the juice released

Answer 6

Grapes are crushed

Question 7

What are the two dominant types of grapes for making wine?

Answer 7

White grapes and black grapes

Question 8

The pulp of the grape contains what?

Answer 8

Acid

Question 9

Which part of the grape gives red wine its colour?

Answer 9

Skin

Question 10

When a grape ripens what happens to the levels of sugar and acidity?

Answer 10

Sugar increases and acidity decreases

Question 11

T/F: Cooler climates typically produce higher acid in wines

Answer 11

True

Question 12

During fermentation, yeast converts

Answer 12

Sugar into alcohol

Question 13

During fermentation, a wine will become

Answer 13

Higher in alcohol and lower in sugar

Question 14

What are the products of alcoholic fermentation?

Answer 14

Alcohol and carbon dioxide

Question 15

T/F: In red wine production, grapes are pressed before fermentation

Answer 15

False

Question 16

What is the correct order for white wine production?

Answer 16

crushing, pressing, fermentation, maturation, bottling

Question 17

What does ABV stand for?

Answer 17

Alcohol By Volume - This is the measure of how much alcohol is in a wine, expressed as a percentage.

Question 18

What are the by-products of fermentation?  

Answer 18

Alcohol (ethanol) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2).

Question 19

At what percentage does alcoholic fermentation usually stop?

Answer 19

15% - Most yeast cannot survive at a percentage higher than this.

Question 20

CRUSH - PRESS - FERMENT DESCRIBES

Answer 20

White wine production

Question 21

What are the microscopic organisms responsible for fermentation?

Answer 21

Yeast

Question 22

As grapes ripen, what changes occur?

Answer 22

The grapes swell with water,
The sugar level in the grapes increases,
Acidity falls,
Flavors become more ripe,
The color deepens

Question 23

How long can a grape vine live?

Answer 23

Several decades or more

Question 24

How often will a grape vine produce fruit?

Answer 24

In non-tropical climates, grape vines produce fruit once a year.

Question 25

Describe flowering for a grape vine.

Answer 25

Each flower will become an individual grape, and many flowers make up a cluster.

Question 26

What is the color of a grape when it first forms?

Answer 26

Green

Question 27

As they mature, describe the color change of black grapes...

Answer 27

They start as green grapes and turn purple once fully ripe.

Question 28

Between which latitudes do grapes grow best?

Answer 28

The best latitudes for grapes are 30° to 50° in both the northern and southern hemispheres.

Question 29

T/F: Cool climate regions are closer to the equator.

Answer 29

False | Cool climates are closer to the poles, and farther away from the equator.

Question 30

THE AMOUNT OF ALCOHOL IN A PERSON'S BLOOD IS OFTEN REFERRED TO AS...

Answer 30

BAC

Question 31

Which grapes are more commonly found in cooler climates? And which are found in warmer climates?

Answer 31

White wine grapes are more common in cooler regions, and black grapes in warmer regions. Having said that, there are cool climate red grapes (e.g. pinot noir) and warm climate white grapes (e.g. chenin blanc), so this is not an exclusive rule.

Question 32

What effect does a cool climate have on the characteristics of grapes...

Answer 32

Cool climates typically produce grapes (and therefore wines) with lower levels of sugar and higher acidity. (And in warmer climates, sugars are often higher and acids lower.)

Question 33

Sunlight is more intense in which type of climate?

Answer 33

Typically in warmer climate regions.

Question 34

GRAPES LIKE TO GROW BETWEEN THESE LATITUDES

Answer 34

30 and 50 degrees

Question 35

What is the act or process of growing grapes called?

Answer 35

Viticulture

Question 36

The process of making wine is called...

Answer 36

Vinification

Question 37

What is the process called for releasing the juice from freshly-picked grapes?

Answer 37

Crushing. For white wines this is one of the very first steps in the winemaking process.

Question 38

What happens with black grapes after they are crushed and the juice is released?

Answer 38

Typically they would then go to the fermentation vessel.

Question 39

What happens with white grapes after they are crushed and the juice is released?

Answer 39

Typically, white grapes and juice would then go to the press, where the remaining juice would be pressed off or released from the skins.

Question 40

For red grapes, what is done to maximize extraction of color and tannins?

Answer 40

The skins are mixed thoroughly with the juice There are a number of ways to do this: punch-down the skins into the juice, pump the juice over the skins, mix the tank with paddles, or roll the tank.

Question 41

For red wines, when is the juice drained off the skins?

Answer 41

Usually after fermentation has completed, although some producers may leave the skins in the juice for longer to get more color and tannins into the wine.

Question 42

What types of vessels can wine be matured in?

Answer 42

Stainless steel tanks and oak barrels.

Question 43

When making rosé wine, how long is the juice in contact with the skins?

Answer 43

Only a few hours

Question 44

In terms of skin contact, what is the difference between making white wine and red wine?

Answer 44

White wines usually have little or no skin contact, while red wines often have an extended period of skin contact, either before or after fermentation. Rosé wines only have a few hours of skin contact.

Question 45

T/F: White wines can be made from black grapes

Answer 45

True. There are many examples of black grapes being used to make white wines - the most famous is perhaps Champagne.

Question 46

List the steps in the white winemaking process | The steps to make white wine:

Answer 46

* Crushing, * Pressing, * Fermentation, * Maturation, and * Bottling.

Question 47

List the steps in the red winemaking process | The steps to make red wine:

Answer 47

* Crushing, * Fermentation, * Draining, * Pressing, * Maturation, and * Bottling.

Question 48

List the steps in the rosé winemaking process: | The steps to make rosé wine:

Answer 48

* Crushing * Fermentation * Draining (after just a few hours) * Maturation * Bottling