Learning Outcome 4 Flashcards
Coronary artery disease
Occurs when arteries supplying blood to the heart become block by atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis
Is an accumulation of lupus or fatty plaques within and along the lining of the arterial walls. (Progressive condition that can begin at any age & can occur anywhere in body)
Angina Pectoris
Chest pain resulting from lack of circulation of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle
Symptoms of angina
Aching, sharp pain, tingiling, burning sensation, pressure ,squeezing or tightness in chest area which may radiate to the arms, jaw or neck
Stable angina
Result of increased oxygen demand placed on the heart from exertion or excersize this is not an urgent condition
Unstable angina
Occurrs more frequently and is generally a result of narrowing of the already clogged artery this is an emergency
Myocardial infarction
Heart attack myocardial is heart muscle infarction means death of a tissue
Difference between myocardial infarction & angina
Myocardial infarction: part of the heart tissue actually dies as a result of decrease in oxygen flow.
Angina : there is no death tissue
Systolic pressure
Systolic: higher pressure, it measures amount of force needed when the heart contracts to pump blood out of heart into arterial circulation
diastolic pressure
Is the lower pressure. It represents the pressure in the arteries between contractions when heart is at rest
Hypertension
Define as systolic reading over 140mm and a systolic reading over 90mm ( high blood pressure)
What is normal heart reading
120/80
Essential primary hypertension
Most common type , occurs when there is an increase in blood pressure without any other medical causes the cause is in known
Secondary hypertension
Specific cause such as kidney disorders, Tumors, pregnancy or medications
What is hypertension known as
Silent killer
never do a blood pressure test on …?
arm or leg that has a fistula or graft which was created so client can have hemodialysis and also never in a women who has had a mastectomy
Congestive heart failure
Heart failure, occurs when the heart muscles become unable to pump enough bloood to meet the needs of the body due to damage from mi, hypertension, infection
Left side failure symptoms (CHF)
Rapid resperations, sever sob, pinky frothy sputum , dry hacking cough, pale skin, anxiety and restlessness, cold clammy skin, fatigue, increased urination at night , gurgling sounds in the lungs (rales)
Right side failure symptoms (CHF)
Edema ankles & feet, dependent edema, periorbital edema, enlarged jugular vein, tachycardia, abdominal swelling , increased urination at night , fatigue & weakness, sudden weight gain
Cerebrovascular accident
Results when a blocking in or ruptured of arteries in the brain restricts oxygen supply to the brain
3 way blood flow may be inturupted ( cerebrovascular accident)
1- blood clot in blood vessel to brain
2- decreases blood flow to brain due to arteriosclerosis
3- rupture of blood vessel , bleeding into spaces around brain
Transient ischemia attacks
Temporary impairment of blood flow to a specific part of brain temporarily lasting few mins to several hours
