Learning perspective Flashcards
Axioms and assumptions of the Learning perspective
Experiences Change us
aquired skilles And features play a great rule in the adaptation process
importance of the Actual situation
Personality would be the result of a learning precedure
Pavlovian conditioning
Associating one stimulus to another based on temporal contiguity after repetition. first stimulus becomes thne functional equivalent of the second. evokes similair changes or responses as the second. = conditioning
Rescorla
new theory on this: more than just simple association. ‘CR are anticipatory reactions or preparations fron an impending US.
Generalizqation
in new situations you will look for similarities and choose behaviour accordingly
higher order conditioning
Well developed CS CR can serve as an US UR pair for another conditioning
Discrimination:
Between two simlair stimuli.
Extinction:
CS comes without US. cR becomes weaker.
Reconditions
Quicker than original
The law of effect in Instrumental conditioning
If a given behaviour gets reinforced its frequency incrieses in future situations. Personality is a conceptualisation of habits.
Fixed ratio EG
Always after the 5th
Variable ratio
Randomly after amount
Fixed interval
Time: after 20 sec
Variable interval
randomly after amount of time
behavioural therapy works best for ..
Irrational fears and phobia’s.
Systematic desensitization
relaxing and systematic accomodation to the stimulus.
problems and prospects of learning perspective
pros: very testable, therapy is effective
cons: to mechanistic, nothieg about internal subjective processes.
Social cognitive learning theories
claim that Humans Are SOCIAL animals: we also learn by watching other people. And We TEST mentally other possibly and their outcomes before choosing behaviour
Self reinforcment
awarding yourself; disproving or approving your behaviour
Vicarious intrumental
see someone doing then getting rewarded, my behavioural tendency will increase.
ROTTER
Locus of control expectancy. when having the same experience people can have different conclusions
Internal LOC
see a causal connection between behaviour and outcome
External LOC
dont assume control over situations even if they have it. DECREASE expectancy when positivly reinforced
Efficacy expectancies
BANDURA: people know what is best but they dont DO it. e.g. not being confident that they can do it
4 musts for observational learning
Paying attention
understandin
memory must be able to do it
body must be able to do it
