Learning Theories (Behaviorism)

Question 1

set of conjectures and hypotheses that explain the process of learning or how learning takes place.

Answer 1

Learning Theories

Question 2

There are three basic approaches while dealing with learning theories according to Akdeniz et.al. What are these?

Answer 2

Behaviorism (Behaviorist)
Cognitivist (Cognitivism)
Constructivism

Question 3

depicts observable and measurable aspects of human behavior

Answer 3

Behaviorism / Associative Learning Theory Approach

Question 4

According to this theory, all behaviors are directed as stimulus. Changes in behavior are evident and will result in stimulus-response association.

Answer 4

Behaviorism

Question 5

This believes that behaviors can be measured, changed, and trained.

Answer 5

Behaviorism

Question 6

This suggest that learners must be actively engaged and rewarded immediately for their involvement in the activity to achieve learning.

Answer 6

Behaviorism

Question 7

Learning must be active and outright praise must be given to increase behavior.

Answer 7

Behaviorism

Question 8

Who is the Father of Behaviorism and believed that behavior is prompted by a specific stimuli.

Answer 8

John B. Watson

Question 9

He believed that behavior is controlled through positive and negative consequences.

Answer 9

Burrhus Frederick Skinner

Question 10

Watson’s view of learning was influence by whom?

Answer 10

Pavlov

Question 11

According to him, behavior is acquired through conditioning.

Answer 11

Pavlov

Question 12

It is an established manner that occurs through interaction with the environment.

Answer 12

Conditioning

Question 13

What are the two major types of conditioning?

Answer 13

Operant and Classical Conditioning

Question 14

Beliefs of Behaviorist Approach

Answer 14

• It operates on the principle of “Stimulus-response”
• Behavior is observable and measurable
• It prefers actual behavior as an indicator of learning.

Question 15

Who is the proponent of Classical Conditioning?

Answer 15

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

Question 16

This type of conditioning asserts that an individual learns when a previously neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus until the neutral stimulus evokes conditioned response.

Answer 16

Classical Conditioning

Question 17

What are the features of classical conditioning?

Answer 17

Neutral Stimulus, Unconditioned Stimulus, Unconditioned Response, Conditioned Stimulus, and Conditioned Response

Question 18

It produces emotional or physiological response.

Answer 18

Unconditioned Stimulus

Question 19

It is the natural occurring emotional response.

Answer 19

Unconditioned Response

Question 20

Produces emotional or physiological response after being conditioned.

Answer 20

Conditioned Stimulus

Question 21

Learned response from a previously neutral condition.

Answer 21

Conditioned Response

Question 22

It does not elicit any response.

Answer 22

Neutral Stimulus

Question 23

What are the principles of Classical Conditioning?

Answer 23

Acquisition, Stimulus-Generalization, Stimulus-Discrimination, Extinction

Question 24

It is the process by which conditioned response is acquired from the experience of another person.

Answer 24

Acquisition

Question 25

A child learns to fear the dentist’s clinic by associating it with a painful tooth extraction that he or she has experienced. What is this?

Answer 25

Acquisition

Question 26

It is the process by which a conditioned response is transferred to other stimuli similar to the original conditioned stimulus.

Answer 26

Stimulus-generalization

Question 27

A child tends to be anxious in all instances in school because of the first-hand experience he or she has experienced with a terror teacher.

Answer 27

Stimulus-generalization

Question 28

A process by which a conditioned response is transferred to other stimuli different from the original conditioned stimulus.

Answer 28

Stimulus-discrimination

Question 29

A child should be able to distinguish things that seem alike but are different (b from d, p from b or plus (+) sign from negative (-) sign). Otherwise, learning disabilities will occur. What is this?

Answer 29

Stimulus-discrimination

Question 30

A process by which conditioned response is lost.

Answer 30

Extinction

Question 31

The anxiousness of a child toward a terror teacher gradually vanishes if, in the succeeding days, he or she experiences pleasant treatment from the teacher. Otherwise, phobias will occur. What is this?

Answer 31

Extinction

Question 32

His theory only focuses on changes in behavior excluding any likelihood of any processes taking place on the mind.

Answer 32

Burrhus Frederic Skinner

Question 33

Based upon the notion that learning is a result of change in overt behavior.

Answer 33

Operant Conditioning.

Question 34

Changes in behavior are the results of an individual's response to events that occur in the environment.

Answer 34

Operant Conditioning

Question 35

A _____ produces a consequences such as defining a word, hitting a ball, or solving a Math problem.

Answer 35

response

Question 36

The key element in Skinner's S-R theory

Answer 36

Reinforcement

Question 37

Anything that strengthens a desired response.

Answer 37

Reinforcer

Question 38

This type of conditioning stresses out the use of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to control the occurrence of behavior.

Answer 38

Operant Conditioning

Question 39

_____ is the stimulus while ______ is the effect of the stimulus.

Answer 39

Reinforcer-Reinforcement

Question 40

What are the types of reinforcer?

Answer 40

Primary, Secondary, Positive, and Negative Reinforcer

Question 41

A stimulus that is related to both biological and physiological needs.

Answer 41

Primary Reinforcer

Question 42

A stimulus that reinforces a behavior that is previously associated with the primary reinforcer.

Answer 42

Secondary Reinforcer

Question 43

A stimulus is added to an event or situation to strengthen a behavior.

Answer 43

Positive reinforcer

Question 44

A stimulus is withdrawn to an event or situation to strengthen a behavior.

Answer 44

Negative reinforcer

Question 45

What are the schedules of reinforcement?

Answer 45

Fixed ratio, fixed interval, variable ratio, & variable interval

Question 46

This reinforcement is dispensed ff. the constant number of behavior.

Answer 46

Fixed ratio

Question 47

This reinforcement is dispensed ff. the constant amount of time.

Answer 47

Fixed interval

Question 48

This reinforcement is dispense ff. a varying amount of trials.

Answer 48

Variable ratio

Question 49

This reinforcement is dispensed ff. a varying amount of time.

Answer 49

Variable interval

Question 50

What are the types of reinforcement?

Answer 50

Verbal, physical, non-verbal, activity, consumable, token

Question 51

What are the principles of learning in operant conditioning?

Answer 51

Principles of contracts, reinforcement, consequences, extinction, and pre-mack principles or grandma rule

Question 52

Relevant behavior is identified then the teacher and the students will decide on the terms of the contract.

Answer 52

Principles of Contracts

Question 53

Consequences happen after the target behavior occured.

Answer 53

Principles of Consequences

Question 54

Negative reinforcement increases the probability of a behavior that removes or prevents an adverse condition.

Answer 54

Principles of Reinforcement

Question 55

Punishment involves presenting a strong stimulus that decrease the frequency of a behavior.

Answer 55

Principles of Extinction

Question 56

It is effective in eliminating undesirable behavior.

Answer 56

Punishment

Question 57

Less derived activities can be increased by looking at them to do more desired activities.

Answer 57

Premack principle or grandma rule

Question 58

Who is the proponent of connectionism?

Answer 58

Edward Lee Thorndike

Question 59

Learning is a result of associations forming between stimulus and response.

Answer 59

Connectionism

Question 60

Learning can be adequately explained without considering any unobservable internal states.

Answer 60

Connectionism

Question 61

Explains the probability that a behavior will happen again when followed by a positive experience.

Answer 61

Connectionism instrumental conditioning

Question 62

What are the principles of learning in connectionism?

Answer 62

Multiple responses, law of set and attitude, law of readiness, law of exercise, law of effect, and halo effect.

Question 63

Refers to the variety of responses

Answer 63

Multiple responses

Question 64

explains that instruction affects a given task

Answer 64

Law of set and attitude

Question 65

explains that interfering oral directed behavior is frustrating

Answer 65

Law of readiness

Question 66

learning by doing

Answer 66

law of exercise

Question 67

connections between stimulus and response is reinforced if they are used

Answer 67

law of use

Question 68

reward reinforces a behavior and punishment decreases its occurrence

Answer 68

law of effect

Question 69

this law describes the physical attractiveness stereotype and what is beautiful is good principles

Answer 69

halo effect