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CPDT > Learning Theory > Flashcards

Learning Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

Classical Conditioning

Dogs learn through association - 2 stimuli are paired together to create a new, learned response

Experiment - Bells and Saliva

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2
Q

John Watson

A

Behaviorism

Behavior is a response to a given stimulus

Experiment - Baby Albert learning fear

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3
Q

Edward Thorndike

A

Law of Effect

Most learning comes from trial and error

Responses producing pleasant effect would be more likely to be repeated

Responses producing unpleasant effect would be less likely to be repeated

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4
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

Operant Conditioning

Behavior is controlled by a stimulus, immediately followed by an action and a consequence

Introduced terms reinforcement and punisher

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5
Q

David Premack

A

The Premack Principle

Animals will perform a lower probability behavior in order to be allowed to do the higher probability behavior

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6
Q

Acquisition in Classical Conditioning

A

A neutral stimulus (NS) is presented before an unconditioned stimulus (US). An association will be created which then turns the neutral stimulus into a conditioned stimulus (CS).

The US creates an unconditioned response (UR), when the animal learns association between CS and US, the UR turns into a conditioned response (CR)

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7
Q

Second - Order Conditioning

A

In Classical Conditioning - a stimulus occurs before the CS

Example - squeaky door on dog food cabinet. Dog hears door, then hears bag crinkle, and then the dog is fed. Dog learns that squeaky door means food is coming.

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8
Q

Extinction

A

The conditioned response is broken when the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus - “undoing the learned association”

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9
Q

Spontaneous Recovery

A

Return of an extinct conditioned response following a period of rest

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10
Q

Classical Counter Conditioning

A

Changing the response to a stimulus - teaching a new association

Present the stimulus with distance or at a low strength

Want to change the conditioned emotional response

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11
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Instrumental learning

Learning associations between behaviors and consequences

A stimulus occurs first followed by a response and a consequence

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12
Q

ABC of Learning

A

Antecedent - environmental cue or stimulus that occurs before behavior

Behavior - observable response made by animal

Consequence - what happens after the behavior; often considered the outcome of a behavior - predicts whether the behavior will strengthen/ repeat or weaken/be avoided

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13
Q

Types of Reinforcement

A

Positive - adding good stuff to increase a behavior

Negative - delaying bad stuff to increase a behavior

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14
Q

Primary Reinforcer

A

Anything that is biologically important to survival of an animal

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15
Q

Secondary Reinforcer

A

Any stimulus that becomes rewarding when paired with a primary reinforcing stimulus

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16
Q

2 Reinforcement Schedules

A
  1. Continuous Reinforcement Schedule

2. Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule

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17
Q

4 Intermittent Reinforcements Schedules

A
  1. Fixed Interval
  2. Fixed Ratio
  3. Variable Interval
  4. Variable Ratio
18
Q

Fixed Interval Reinforcement Schedule

A

Behavior is rewarded after a set, predictable amount of time

The least productive and the most susceptible to extinction

19
Q

Fixed Ratio Reinforcement Schedule

A

Behavior is rewarded after a set, predictable number of responses

20
Q

Variable Interval Reinforcement Schedule

A

Behavior is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time

21
Q

Variable Ratio Reinforcement Schedule

A

Behavior is rewarded after an unknown, unpredictable number of responses

Most resistant to extinction

22
Q

Types of Punishment

A

Positive - adding bad stuff to decrease behavior

Negative - delaying good stuff to decrease a behavior

23
Q

Extinction - OC vs CC

A

Operant Conditioning - learned behavior is no longer displayed

Classical Conditioning - conditioned stimulus loses value

24
Q

5 Types of Prompting

A
  1. Lure - using food for a dog to follow - you want to fade this out over time
  2. Physical - gently touching dog
  3. Visual - hand gesture
  4. Unintentional prompt
  5. Body blocking
25
Q

Shaping

A

Successive approximations to a goal behavior are rewarded

26
Q

Chaining

A

Linking a particular order of behaviors

Forward - first desired behavior is taught first and progresses to last

Back - last behavior is taught first - often preferred

27
Q

Stimulus Control

A

Discrimination - dog only responds to a specific stimulus and not others that may be similar

Generalization - able to perform same behavior in different situations

28
Q

Operant Counter Conditioning

A

Teaching the dog to do an alternative, more desirable behavior

29
Q

Sensitization

A

Opposite of desensitization - have a stronger/amplified response to stimulus

30
Q

Habituation

A

Occurs when a dog gets used to a stimulus

Doesn’t come with rewards or punishment - dog learns without having a response to it

31
Q

Flooding

A

Immersing a dog in a “scary” stimulus until the response goes away

32
Q

Learned Irrelevance

A

Dog stops responding to a previously learned stimulus or cue rather than being accustomed to stimulus in the environment

33
Q

Poisoned Cue

A

Dog associates negative consequence with a cue

34
Q

Learned Helplessness

A

Mental state that occurs after a dog is repeatedly forced to bear aversive stimulus

35
Q

Deprivation

A

Withhold something the dogs loves to modify their behavior

Nothing in life is free concept

36
Q

Differential Reinforcement

A
  1. Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior
  2. Differential reinforcement of other behavior
  3. Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
  4. Differential reinforcement of excellent behavior
37
Q

Cues

A

An antecedent - present new cue before old cue

38
Q

Blocking

A

When a cue the dog already knows gets in the way of their ability to learn a new cue for the same behavior

39
Q

Modeling

A

Physically manipulating the dog into position

40
Q

Capturing

A

Waiting for spontaneous offer of behavior

CPDT (6 decks)

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