Lec 02: Anaphylaxis Flashcards Preview

[OS 216] Exam 2 Trans Cluster 1 > Lec 02: Anaphylaxis > Flashcards

Flashcards in Lec 02: Anaphylaxis Deck (19)
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1
Q

What is anaphylaxis?

A

a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death

2
Q

(T/F) Anaphylaxis is a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction.

A

T

3
Q

What are the causes/triggers of anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions?

A

food, drugs, stings, allergens, exercise, idiopathic

4
Q

What is the most common trigger of anaphylaxis?

A

food

5
Q

What is the most common manifestation of drug allergy?

A

urticaria

6
Q

What are the main mechanisms by which stimuli cause anaphylactoid reactions?

A

direct mast cell activation, disturbances in arachidonic acid metabolism

7
Q

What is the difference between true anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions?

A

True anaphylaxis involves IgE antibodies binding to mast cells. Anaphylactoid reactions can be caused by alternative methods of getting mast cells to degranulate. The two are practically identical when observed clinically.

8
Q

What are the patient-related factors which may contribute to anaphylaxis?

A

age, asthma and other respiratory diseases, concomitant diseases, atopy, previous history of anaphylaxis, concurrent medications, exercise, infections, stress

9
Q

What are the two kinds of allergen?

A

complete protein, low molecular weight substances

10
Q

(T/F) Complete proteins are capable of eliciting a complete antibody response by themselves.

A

T

11
Q

What is the appropriate Th1 response to an allergen?

A

release of cytokines resulting in tolerance

12
Q

What type of cell encounters and identifies allergens?

A

antigen presenting cells (APCs) e.g. macrophages

13
Q

(T/F) Absence of cutaneous Ssx rules out anaphylaxis.

A

F

14
Q

What is the most common Ssx observed in anaphylaxis?

A

urticaria and angioedema

15
Q

How do you differentiate anaphylaxis from a vasovagal response based on observation of the CVS?

A

vasovagal response: BP and heart rate decrease

anaphylaxis: BP decreases, heart rate increases

16
Q

How is the vomit of an anaphylaxis patient described?

A

stringy

17
Q

What is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis?

A

epinephrine

18
Q

(T/F) Steroids are an effective substitute for epinephrine in anaphylaxis.

A

F

19
Q
Which lab test would be most helpful to confirm the diagnosis of anaphylaxis?
A. serum specific IgE levels
B. skin testing
C. serum tryptase level
D. plasma histamine level
A

B.