Lec 1

Question 1

What are drugs categorized (scheduled) based on? (3)

Answer 1

• safety concerns
• abuse potential
• ease of patient use

Question 2

What does scheduling of drugs dictate? (2)

Answer 2

• how drug is obtained
• how drug is prescribed / dispensed

Question 3

What is the website u can find drug scheduling?

Answer 3

NAPRA (national association of pharmacy regulatory authorities)

Question 4

What is NAPRA I?

Answer 4

Drugs that are obtained with a prescription and come from a pharmacist

Question 5

Pr meaning in NAPRA I?

Answer 5

Prescription drugs

Question 6

N meaning in NAPRA I?

Answer 6

Narcotics

Question 7

C1,C2,C3 In NAPRA I and which is the most concerning

Answer 7

Controlled substances, 1 being the most concerning

Question 8

TS in NAPRA I and an example

Answer 8

Target substances (fentanyl patch)

Question 9

What is NAPRA II?

Answer 9

Drugs that do not require a prescription but are still obtained from a pharmacist

Question 10

What is NAPRA III?

Answer 10

Drugs that are obtained over the counter - any pharmacy u can grab and go - zantac

Question 11

What are unscheduled drugs?

Answer 11

Drugs that are obtained at any retail store aswell as pharmacy (Aleve, advil, tylenol, etc.)

Question 12

What is another name for drug?

Answer 12

A ligand

Question 13

Define drug/ligand

Answer 13

Any substance that brings about change in biological function through chemical actions

Question 14

Biophase definition

Answer 14

Transport from the site of administration to the target site

Question 15

Two requirements of useful drug classification

Answer 15

• Biophase
• Reasonable rate of inactivation

Question 16

What state are most drugs at room temp?

Answer 16

solid

Question 17

Are most drugs small or large organic molecules?

Answer 17

Small

Question 18

How do most drugs produce effects?

Answer 18

interacting with macromolecules (receptors)

Question 19

What is the most important type of receptor for drugs? and why?

Answer 19

Proteins - they have the most diversity

Question 20

Protein examples (4)

Answer 20

• Hormones
• Metabolic enzymes
• Transporters (Na, K, ATPase)
• Structural proteins

Question 21

What do physiological receptors respond to?

Answer 21

Endogenous regulatory ligands

Question 22

What is the signal transduction pathway?

Answer 22

The receptor, its cellular target, and any intermediary molecules
- aka the receptor-effector coupling mechanism

Question 23

What are drugs that don’t act on receptors? (2)

Answer 23

• Antacids
• Osmotic diuretics

Question 24

How can metoprolol act selectively on adrenergic beta-1 receptors?

Answer 24

structure and chemical properties of the drug and receptor

Question 25

Proteins in primary structure

Answer 25

sequence of amino acids

Question 26

Protein secondary structure

Answer 26

Sequence of amino acids interact with eachother

Question 27

Protein tertiary structures

Answer 27

the interaction of more distant amino acids in a sequence

Question 28

Protein quaternary structure

Answer 28

Multiple polypeptides can interact to form more complex structures

Question 29

What is the favourability of a drug-receptor binding interaction?

Answer 29

affinity

Question 30

What are requirements for selective interactions with receptor binding sites? (4)

Answer 30

- size - shape - atomic composition - charge

Question 31

What are the lower and upper limits to drug size?

Answer 31

100Da - 1000Da (Da is a Dalton)

Question 32

Where do very large drugs need to be administered

Answer 32

Compartment where they have effects

Question 33

Bond strength 1>2>3>4

Answer 33

Covalent>ionic>hydrogen>van der waals

Question 34

Which bond is irreversible?

Answer 34

Covalent

Question 35

Why is shape and composition important in binding

Answer 35

Lock and key interaction

Question 36

What does imatinib do?

Answer 36

Blocks phosphorylation of tyrosine kinase enzyme

Question 37

What is a stereoisomer?

Answer 37

Mirrored isomers - like your hands

Question 38

S isomer left or right?

Answer 38

Left hand

Question 39

R isomer left or right?

Answer 39

Right hand

Question 40

Are both stereoisomers the same or is one more potent?

Answer 40

One is more potent

Question 41

What is a racemic mixture

Answer 41

50/50 mix of both S and R enantiomers

Question 42

Which stereoisomer is usually sinister?

Answer 42

S - left - bad to be a lefty

Question 43

less receptors in the body means what?

Answer 43

only affects target areas

Question 44

More receptors found all around the body means what?

Answer 44

possible the drug can effect everywhere so localized administration is most beneficial