Lec 1/26 Cad/Cam 1 Flashcards by Tedman McMahon

Types of CAD/CAM deposition:

Fused deposition (fuse small particles in a large pile to make object), seletcive laser sintering method (build up selectively on only the object), stereolithography (object raises out of pool of monomers)

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5 axis modeling can rotate how many degrees around hor?

30’ in either direction

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Triad of fabrication for CAD/CAM

scanner, resto desing software, resto fabrication/ production

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Man and year he 1st started CAD/CAM development:

Dr. Duret, ‘71

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1st stage of CAD/CAM development:

optical impression of abutment tooth, then design optimal crown, mill crown using numerically controlled milling machine

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Developer of CEREC:

Dr. Moermann

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Adv of the CEREC system:

chairside, directly measure prep intraorally, designa nd carve inlay from a cermainblock, compact machine, same day restos

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Function of scanner:

transforms geometry of receptor unit (tooth/implant) into digital data that can be processed by a computer

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Types of scanners:

optical, mechanical

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Which scanner types can be non-chairside:

both optical and mechanical

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Which scanner types can be chairside:

optical only

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What type of scanner is the Procera?

mechanical

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Mechanical scanner technique:

contact probe w ruby ball, maps entire cast prep surface line by line

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Adv of mechanical scanner:

precise but less accurate than newer optical scanning system

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Disadv’s to mechanical scaner:

time, expense, less accurate than newer optical scanning systems

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Smallest intraolral scanner:

3M True definition scanner LAVA

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Largest intraoral scanner:

Trios

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Optical technologies, contact or non-contact?

non-contact

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5 Non-contact optical technologies:

confocal microscopy, triangulation, optical coherence tomography, active wavefront sampling, accordion Fringe Interferometry (we skip)

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Benefit of combining imaging techniques:

min noise

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Technique for obtaining high resolution optical images w depth selectivity:

confocal imaging

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Imaging technique good for 3D imaging:

confocal

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What is confocal imaging:

light represents one pixel in resulting image, laser scans object, image obtained pixel-by-pixel and line-by-line, brightness = relative intensity of detected light

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Mirror used in confocal imaging:

dichroic

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types of confocal imaging:

parallel and spot

confocal imaging system used by iTero system:

parallel, red laser light beam

Adv of iTero system:

no need to coat pts teeth, no coating powders (TiO2)

Disadv of iTero system:

color wheel to the acquisition unit itself resulting in a camera w a larger scanner head

Can the lab make a crown using a physical model?

yes

Can you make a conventional resto using chairside milling?

STL lsf:

stereolithography

Disadv of STL:

describes only the surface of a 3D object wo color or texture

Adv of iTero/ STL:

open platform, can be sent to any milling unit

STL can make:

crown, partial FDP, inlay, onlay, veneer, implant planning and surgical guide, invisalign

Benefits of Trios:

fast scan, blue light to provide surface registration, no coating powder (TiO2) before scanning,

TF? Trios can only scan in black and white

Imagery type used by Trios:

confocal

Can you fabricate a physical model

yes

What type of technique is triangulation?

non-contact

The technique uses no radiation and is based on detecting reflected ambient radiation

passive triangulation

This technique uses light radiation, reflection to calculate position of target object:

active triangulation

Disadv of triangulation technique:

blind spot, if surface is invisible to both or either laser and camera

CEREC sf:

Chairside economical restoration of esthetic ceramics

Yr CEREC was inroduced:

1987

Latest model of CERAC:

CERACAC ('09)

Ceram Bluecam is what type of scanner?

active triangulation

Cerac BlueCam:

active triangulation, needs uniform reflective surface and different materials reflect differently, this req need for powder on teeth, to make reflectivity the same, single images stitched together, single tooth or full quadrant

Can Cerac BlueCam do single tooth or full quadrant?

either

Cerac Bluecam can make these:

crown, inlay, only, veneer, interim partial FDP, prepcheck

Why do we always specify "single crown?"

check ask?

Adv of CEREC Omnicam:

continuous color image, no powder, single tooth, quadrant, or full arch

What can you design with CEREC Omnicam?

crown, inlay, onlay, veneer, partial FDP, precheck, implant resto

Disadv of CEREC:

closed platform, STL file can't be sent to any milling unit but CEREC

OCT sf:

Optical Coherent Tomography

OCT:

light to capture um resolution, 3D from w/in optical scattering media (tissue), based on low-coherence interferometry, typically near IR light, xs of subsurface microstructure, splits broadband souce field into a reference files and a sample field.

What does the sample field do?

focuses through scanning optics and objective lens to some point below the surface of the tissue

What does the modified sample field do?

scattered back from tissue interface with Er, on te surface of the photo detection

AWS sf:

Active Wavefront Sampling

AWS:

single camera, AWS module, off axis apeture moves on a circular path aroudn optical axis, roduces rotation of object, object depth derived from radius of the sircular pattern points

COS sf:

Chairside oral scanner

Which is the "True Definition Scanner?"

Lava Chariside COS

Only scanner that uses video capture:

Lava Chairside Oral Scanner

Lava Chairside Oral Scanner, powder or no?

powder needed

WHat kind of light does Lava Chairside Oral Scanner require?

blue light

Lava Chairside Oral Scanner, open or closed platform?

open

Open platform means:

can be sent ot any milling unit for fabrication

Lava Chairside Oral Scanner can make:

crown, partial FPD, inlay, onlay veneer, implant restorations, ortho appliances

Lava Chairside Oral Scanner, how can they be made?

design or physical model

Considerations in making the resto to fit the prep in the CAD unit:

margin, connector, core thickness, cement gap

Function of CAM unit:

transform digital data to a product

subtractive technique involves:

soldi block milling

Additive technique involved:

3d printing

Type of milling machines for subtractive techniques:

3,4, or 5 axis

4 axis:

+ rotatable tension bridge

5 axis:

+ rotating milling spindle

Env for subtractive techniques:

dry or wet

when is dry milling done?

for pre-singtered zirconia to avoid absorption

when is wet milling done?

for metals, composite, silica based ceramics

Sintering method used for additive technique:

selective laser, fused deposition model, stereolithography

Work flow 1:

scan, design, manufacture chairside or Labside

Work flow 2:

Scan, physical model, fabricated conventional restoration fabricate labside CAM

Workflow 3:

conventional impression and working cast, scan and design,, fabricate labside CAM

I would review the slides again.